APES 2013 FRQ Question 2
$3.75/25 = $0.15 [per mile]
Assume that the fuel efficiency of the ICE vehicle is 25 miles per gallon (mpg) and that gasoline costs $3.75 per gallon (gal). Calculate the cost of gasoline per mile.
$3.08/100 miles = $0.03 [per mile]
Calculate the cost of electricity per mile to drive the BEV.
90.5 - 63.6 = 26.9 lb
Calculate the difference in the amount of 2 CO that would enter the atmosphere if both cars were driven 100 miles.
1. BEV drivers save money that can be spent elsewhere 2. Increase in jobs/profit for manufacturing and repair of BEVs
Describe TWO economic impacts (excluding costs related to climate change resulting from 2CO emissions or the cost of gasoline at the pump) that result from an increased number of BEVs on the road.
1.CCl3F + UV → CCl2F + Cl 2. Cl + O3 → ClO + O2
Explain the process by which CFCs lead to the destruction of stratospheric ozone. (You may use chemical equations in your answer.)
The continued release of other ozone-depleting substances.
Explain why the rapid decrease in CFC emissions has not led to a similarly rapid decrease in the destruction of stratospheric ozone.
1.Increase tax on carbon/gasoline/diesel fuel 2. Run educational campaigns/commercials/PSAs supporting BEVs 3. Offer tax incentives for purchasing home charging stations
Identify THREE strategies that the federal government could implement to encourage the use of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). (
Releasing VOCs (e.g., pumping gas, using solvent-based paints) Sunlight is required to form tropospheric ozone
Identify a human activity that leads to the formation of tropospheric ozone as a secondary pollutant and explain why tropospheric ozone levels peak in the daytime.
ultraviolet (UV, UV-B, or UV-C) radiation Low rates of sunburns
Identify the type of solar radiation that is absorbed by stratospheric ozone and describe one human health benefit that results from the absorption of this solar energy.
1. O3 + UV → O2 + O 2. O2 + O → O3
The absorption of solar energy by stratospheric ozone causes ozone molecules to undergo chemical decomposition and formation. Describe the chemical processes that lead to this natural balance between decomposition and formation of stratospheric ozone (you may use chemical equations in your answer).
7.0 hours X 4.0 kW X $0.11/kWh = $3.08*
The charger supplies energy to the BEV battery at an average rate of 4.0 kilowatts (kW) and fully charges the BEV battery in 7.0 hours. The car will run for 100 miles on a full charge. The cost of electricity is $0.11 per kilowatt-hour (kWh). (i) Calculate the cost of the electricity to fully charge the battery. Assume that the battery is not charged to begin with.
