APES 6,7,8

Réussis tes devoirs et examens dès maintenant avec Quizwiz!

The World Health Organization's $6 billion push to rid the world of malaria failed because the microorganisms that cause the disease and the mosquitos that carry the disease developed resistance to the chemicals being used. This resistance developed as a result of:

natural selection

The two processes that lead to biological evolution are:

natural selection and mutation

A sewage treatment plant is an

neither

In the "holistic view" of ecological communities:

all individuals are keystone species

An introduced species is found to have a fundamental niche identical to that of a native species. A possible outcome is:

all of these

Humans have, and have had in the past, great influence on the biological diversity in their surrounding environment as a result of:

all of these

Which of the following is an example of an ecological island?

all of these

According to the Case Study in the Environmental Science textbook ("The Acorn Connection"), the incidence of lyme disease among humans increases in years when the gypsy moth population is low

an abundant acorn crop draws deer into the woods

Heterogeneity of the physical environment results in

an increase in species diversity

Moderate grazing in a pasture in comparison to no grazing results in

an increase in species diversity

Occasional (at least once every 50 years), light fires in jack pine forests in Michigan result in

an increase in species diversity

The development from early to middle stages of succession results in

an increase in species diversity

The presence of sea otters within a kelp forest community results in

an increase in species diversity

Genes:

are made of deoxyribonucleic acid

All of the following are fundamental elements of an ecosystem and must be present for sustained life except:

at least one species that feeds upon the others in the ecosystem

In the figure below, the label on the bottom of the diagram (labeled "B") indicates _________ from the left of the triangle towards the right.

increasing human modification

In the figure below, the label on the left side of the diagram (labeled "A") indicates _________ from the bottom of the triangle towards the top.

increasing latitude

The __________ biome consists of areas alternately exposed to air and covered by ocean water.

intertidal

According to the Environmental Science text, an ecosystem:

is the smallest system that includes and sustains life

A habitat with a variety of local sub-environments has all of the following characteristics except:

it follows the Principle of Competitive Exclusion

On land, what species live where depends on all of the following factors except:

it's hard to pick any factor that doesn't affect the distribution of species

Sea otters live along the Pacific coast of the U.S. and Canada. The otters feed upon sea urchins, and urchins feed upon kelp. Reduction in the number of sea otters leads to an explosion in sea urchin populations, declines in kelp, and declines in all other species that feed upon kelp. Given this information, sea otters are an example of a(n):

keystone species

An ecosystem:

lies intermediate between a source of energy and a sink for energy

Through most of the period between Times 2 and 4 in the figure below, Species A is increasing __________.

linearly

During the first period of advanced multi-cellular life, called the Cambrian Era:

living organisms remained in the ocean

In what way did healthy mangrove forest ecosystems saved lives during the Asian tsunami tragedy in December 2004?

mangroves acted as a buffer, absorbing wave action

Which of the following is an example of three different species on three different trophic levels, listed from lowest level to highest:

moss, reindeer, wolves

Which population is most likely to exhibit an evolutionary response to a change in its environment?

A population which has high genetic variability

The Environmental Science textbook outlines the relatively simple food chain that exists in hot springs such as in Yellowstone National Park, including the following organisms:

D, A, B, C

This chapter introduced some of the aspects of species diversity. The figure below illustrates the concept of "shape diversity". Which one of the following statements about the figures is correct?

Figure (a) has greater shape evenness than Figure (b)

Which of the following are able to decompose organic matter?

I and II

Which of the following is true about islands compared to larger landmasses or continents? I. Islands have fewer species than continents II. Islands have a greater species diversity III. Islands have smaller extinction rates

I only

Why are there fewer native species of trees in Europe and Great Britain than in all other temperate regions of the world? I. in Europe, major mountain ranges run east - west II. many species became extinct during glaciation III. tree seeds could not spread during times of glaciation

I, II, and III

A species upon which the entire ecosystem depends on

Keystone species

In 1876, A.R. Wallace developed a classification of six biogeographic provinces, a scheme that is still used today. All of the following are among Wallace's realms except:

Polynesian (South Pacific Ocean)

__________ include prairies of North America, steppes of Eurasia, plains of Africa, and the pampas of South America.

Temperate grasslands

__________ are dominated by dense stands of low vegetation sometimes known as "chaparral" that occurs in climates with seasonally-concentrated rainfall.

Temperate shrub lands

Why are whooping cranes are being released into an area near Nashville, Tennessee?

They are being reintroduced to an area where they lived long ago.

__________ occur in areas of high temperatures and where precipitation is abundant and distributed relatively evenly throughout the year.

Tropical rain forests

__________ are treeless plains in areas of low annual temperatures and low rainfall.

Tundra

Intensive farming results in

a decrease in species diversity

Which population of predators is potentially most stable?

a population that feeds on many types of prey

Which population is most likely to exhibit an evolutionary response to a change in its environment?

a population which has high genetic variability

An ecological community is:

a set of interacting species that occur in the same place

__________ refers to the bottom of the ocean.

benthos

The geographic distribution of living things is called:

biogeography

A major ecological community characterized by a dominant vegetation type is called a(n):

biome

The figure below illustrates the Earth's major __________.

biomes

Which of the following terms refers to a region that is inhabited by a characteristic set of taxa, with boundaries that prevent the spread of the distinctive kinds of life to other regions and the immigration of foreign species?

biotic province

Compared with a more homogeneous habitat, a habitat with a variety of local subenvironments will tend to:

can offer more possibilities of refuge to rare species

Mutation:

can result in a new species

"Ecological gradient" refers to:

change in the relative abundance of a species over an area

In the figure below, the growth of Species A between Times 2 and 4 suggests that:

competition for limited resources limited the population

The three basic kinds of interaction between species are:

competition, symbiosis and predation-parasitism

Principle that species with identical requirements cannot coexist in a habitat:

competitive exclusion

The Norway rat and the black rat were both introduced to this country from Europe. The Norway rat is found only in cities and inhabits most cities in the U.S. The black rat can live in cities and rural areas but in New Jersey is only found in rural areas. Some cities in New Jersey which previously had only black rats, now have only Norway rats. This is an example of:

competitive exclusion

In the figure below, the event which occurs at Time 3 is an example of:

competitive exclusion principle

Continental drift caused by plate tectonics is thought to have caused all of the following except:

decreased genetic variation worldwide

The Gobi, Sahara, and Sonora are examples of the __________ biome.

desert

The World Health Organization's $6 billion push to rid the world of malaria failed because the microorganisms that cause the disease and the mosquitoes that carry the disease ____________.

developed resistance to the chemicals being used

The smallest units that are capable of sustaining life are:

ecological communities

A 5000 hectare farm in North Dakota is an

ecological community

A set of interacting species that live in the same area is called an

ecological community

Boston, Massachusetts is

ecological community

According to the Environmental Science text, the host springs in Yellowstone National Park is an

ecosystem

The simplest environmental unit that can support life is called a(n):

ecosystem

As Salmon migrates from the ocean to rivers and lakes, it interacts biologically and chemically with marine, aquatic, and nearby terrestrial species, This is an example to illustrate that:

ecosystem boundaries are gradual, not abrupt

All of the following are artificial ecosystems except:

estuaries

A species introduced into a new geographical area is called a(n):

exotic species

Green plants, algae and certain bacteria produce sugar through the process of photosynthesis. To which trophic level do they belong to?

first trophic level

In hot springs live photosynthetic bacteria and algae. Some flies, called Ephydrid flies lie eggs onto the algae mats. Their larvae feed on the algae and the bacteria. Another fly, the Colichopodid fly feeds on the eggs and larvae of the herbivorous fly. Dragonflies, wasps, spiders, tiger beetles also feed on the Ephydrid fly. The Ephydrid flies also have a parasite, a red mite that feeds of the fly eggs and travels attached to the body of the fly. Another animal, a small wasp lays eggs within the fly larvae. All wastes and dead material are fed on by decomposers, which in hot springs are primarily bacteria. The algae and photosynthetic bacteria living in hot springs feed on the

first trophic level

The most basic processes in an ecosystem are:

flow of energy and cycling of chemical elements

Energy, chemical elements, and other compounds are transferred from creature to creature along:

food chains

The __________ biome includes regions such as estuaries, rivers, and lakes.

fresh waters

All of the following are able to produce food by direct interaction with sunlight except:

fungi

The total number of genetic characteristics of a specific biological population is called:

genetic diversity

Random changes in the frequencies of traits in a population are called:

genetic drift

Biogeography refers to:

geographic distribution of living organisms

In hot springs live photosynthetic bacteria and algae. Some flies, called Ephydrid flies lie eggs onto the algae mats. Their larvae feed on the algae and the bacteria. Another fly, the Colichopodid fly feeds on the eggs and larvae of the herbivorous fly. Dragonflies, wasps, spiders, tiger beetles also feed on the Ephydrid fly. The Ephydrid flies also have a parasite, a red mite that feeds of the fly eggs and travels attached to the body of the fly. Another animal, a small wasp lays eggs within the fly larvae. All wastes and dead material are fed on by decomposers, which in hot springs are primarily bacteria.

herbivore

The Mississippi River delta of Louisiana is a very special environment. The combined effect of geological subsidence, opening of shipping lanes through the delta, channelization of the river and its distributaries is an example of:

human interaction with the environment

In the __________ biome, sulfur-rich brines and chemosynthetic bacteria form the base of the food chain.

hydrothermal vents

Which of the following statements is true about omnivores?

omnivores feed on several on trophic levels

The simplest ecosystem needs _________ to function properly.

one species that produces its own food, and a second that decomposes the waste of the first one, plus water and air

Processes that lead to changes in gene frequency include all the following except:

self reproduction

Similar environments in different locations lead to the evolution of species with:

similar adaptations

All of the following are examples of the relationship: (1) inhabitant, (2) ecological niche or habitat, (3) activity of the inhabitant in the niche, except:

surfer, ocean, beach

Also known as boreal forest, __________consist(s) of forests located at high altitude or high latitude. a) temperate grasslands

taiga

Common vegetation in the __________ biome include deciduous trees, and dominant animals tend to be small mammals, birds, and insects.

temperate forests

Biological evolution matches most closely to which of the following descriptions:

the change of inherited characteristics of a population

A zoo is an example of:

the domestication of individuals from different ecosystems

"Community-level interactions" refer to:

the fact that changes in one species in an ecological community

According to the Environmental Science text, the difference between an ecosystem and an ecological community is:

the non-living components of the environment

What is biological diversity?

the variety of life forms on earth

Why have Gry Wolves been removed from the endangered species list?

their population has reached more than 5,000, and appears to be growing

In hot springs live photosynthetic bacteria and algae. Some flies, called Ephydrid flies lie eggs onto the algae mats. Their larvae feed on the algae and the bacteria. Another fly, the Colichopodid fly feeds on the eggs and larvae of the herbivorous fly. Dragonflies, wasps, spiders, tiger beetles also feed on the Ephydrid fly. The Ephydrid flies also have a parasite, a red mite that feeds of the fly eggs and travels attached to the body of the fly. Another animal, a small wasp lays eggs within the fly larvae. All wastes and dead material are fed on by decomposers, which in hot springs are primarily bacteria. Dragonflies, wasps, spiders, tiger beetles that feed on the Ephydrid fly

third trophic level

In hot springs live photosynthetic bacteria and algae. Some flies, called Ephydrid flies lie eggs onto the algae mats. Their larvae feed on the algae and the bacteria. Another fly, the Colichopodid fly feeds on the eggs and larvae of the herbivorous fly. Dragonflies, wasps, spiders, tiger beetles also feed on the Ephydrid fly. The Ephydrid flies also have a parasite, a red mite that feeds of the fly eggs and travels attached to the body of the fly. Another animal, a small wasp lays eggs within the fly larvae. All wastes and dead material are fed on by decomposers, which in hot springs are primarily bacteria. The small wasp that lays eggs within the Ephydrid fly larvae feed on

third trophic level, parasite

In an ecosystem where wolves feed upon moose, the ratio between the production of moose and the production of wolves is an example of:

trophic-level efficiency

Grasslands with scattered trees are known as __________.

tropical savannas

The graph below demonstrates that:

we cannot infer any relationship between moose population density and wolf population density on the basis of this graph

In the __________ biome, typical vegetation may include small trees such as mangroves, shrubs, sedges, and mosses. Animals may include mammals, reptiles, snakes, birds, as well as invertebrates such as crabs or clams.

wetlands

In which of the following situations is adaptive radiation most likely to occur:

where populations are isolated from the rest of the world

In which of the following situations is divergent evolution most likely to occur:

where populations are separated by geographic barriers


Ensembles d'études connexes

Developmental Psychology Chapter 6

View Set

Chapter 15 & 16 Terms Test- Econ.

View Set