APES Chapter 12 Bank

Large proportion of remaining old growth boreal forests

A

Harvested for its tropical hardwoods resulting in tremendous loss of biodiversity

B

The country with the largest total area in protected status is

Brazil

Which method of timber harvest is preferable for southern yellow pines, such as loblolly, longleaf, and slash pines, typically used for pulpwood to make paper?

Clear-cutting

Harvested by people needing firewood or charcoal

D

Has lost the greatest amount of forested land compared to its original forests

D

Which of the following is a consequence of overgrazing?

Desertification of marginal lands

Less than 0.1 percent of the original forest still remaining

E

Fire has been described as a way to manage forests. If fires destroy forests, explain why forest management programs include an active fire program.

Fires are important to forest ecosystems in that they clear accumulated ground debris which keeps fires that do occur minimized and avoids crown fires. Also there are some species of pine trees that require the heat of a fire to germinate.

Which of the following would be a good rangeland management practice in areas subject to a dry season? I. rotational grazing II. deferred grazing III. grazing multiple species

I and III

Which of the following might be variables in a Landscape Ecology study involving an old growth forest? I. Human development II. Habitat shape III. Species movement

I, II, and III

Which of the following best describes how U.S. forests are currently managed by the USFS?

Managed for timber, habitat, and recreation

Which of the following statements about old-growth forests is true?

Old-growth forests include temperate rainforests, tropical rainforests, boreal forests, and deciduous forests.

Overgrazing is threatening many U.S. rangelands. Describe how overgrazing is harming native grasslands and how this problem can be minimized.

Overgrazing damages the native grasses and forbes, setting the stage for weeds and other plants to take over and/or soil erosion to occur at a faster rate. More sustainable methods of rotational or selective grazing can be utilized as well as limiting the numbers of cattle grazing in an area.

Which of the following best represents an ecological benefit of forests?

Play an integral role in the water cycle

Which of the following is not a consideration in managing our national parks?

Rangeland management

For which of the following reasons would the USFS order a prescribed burn?

Rid an area of pest species

Which of the following lists countries that have vast areas of temperate deciduous or boreal coniferous forest?

Russia; Canada; the United States

One place where the loss of forests is great is in the tropics. Identify TWO causes of the great amount of deforestation in the tropics and for each cause describe ONE way to stop this deforestation.

There are a number of possible answers which might include: • slash and burn—teach people to grow crops under the shade of the trees or some other method of sustainable farming • urban development—include habitat sustaining methods of development such as habitat corridors • logging—use sustainable methods of logging such as selective logging and replant trees after harvesting

Benefits of the United States' National Park System include all of the following EXCEPT

a widespread road system

All of the following are causes of deforestation of tropical forests EXCEPT

acid deposition

Old-growth forests are notable for containing species that

are highly adapted to their special environment

The preserve shape that is the worst shape for a species that requires a core area is

b

Areas in greatest need of protection to preserve biodiversity include all of the following EXCEPT

boreal forests

The preserve shape that has the greatest interior area relative to perimeter area is

c

The preserve shape that would support the most species that require a core area is

c

Regions on Earth most susceptible to desertification are

desert margins

The Florida panther is dependent upon these underpasses for all of the following EXCEPT

fenced areas prevent hunters from harvesting panthers because the animals may only be hunted in areas not bounded by the fences

Problems associated with monoculture of trees include all of the following EXCEPT

increased sunlight helps promote growth of conifers in monoculture

The area of Earth classified as "deserts" is

increasing because of logging and grazing

Land reform is an important political issue in many countries because

land ownership is traditionally the main source of wealth and power

The science that examines the relationship between spatial patterns and ecological processes is known as

landscape ecology

All of the following are reasons why federal rangelands are in poor condition in the United States EXCEPT

large numbers of bison present on federal land

Fuelwood harvests

make up about half of all wood harvests

All of the following can be harvested sustainably from forests EXCEPT

minerals

Selective cutting is a more sustainable method for managing forests because

only some of the mature trees are harvested every 10-20 years

Most public rangelands in the United States are in poor condition due to

overcrowding of private livestock

The most sustainable land use in tropical forests is

periodic mixed agriculture

Monoculture agroforestry involves

single-species tree plantations that are efficient but subject to diseases

One disadvantage of monoculture agroforestry is that it is

susceptible to pests and requires pesticides

"Forest management" means planning for

sustainable harvests and forest regeneration

The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually

the disappearance of palatable plant species

Governments of the Philippines, Cameroon, and Tanzania consider indigenous people living in the forests squatters because

the governments fail to recognize the rights of indigenous people

Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because

they contain such high biodiversity

Conservation organizations are willing to cooperate in debt-for-nature swaps because

they encourage the protection of biodiversity

Seasonal migration of grazing livestock allows for

use of marginal lands year after year with modest environmental damage

Florida's system would best be described as a series of

wildlife corridors

If managed carefully, ecotourism benefits natural areas by giving economic value to land and water resources

without destroying them