APES pollution vocab
four most populated countries in the world
1) china 3) united states 2) india 4) indonesia
nuclear fusion
2 isotopes of light elements forced together at high temperatures until they fuse to form a heavier nucleus
cultural eutrophication
Cultural eutrophication also occurs when excessive fertilizers run into lakes and rivers.
giardia
Giardia infection is an intestinal infection marked by abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea and bouts of watery diarrhea
NOSCLP
NOx, Ozone, SOx, CO, Lead, PM
r-selected species
The production of numerous small offspring followed by exponential population growth
toxicant
a chemical compound typically produced by human activity that has a harmful effect on an organism
pH
a figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale on which 7 is neutral, lower values are more acid, and higher values more alkaline
temperature inversion
a phenomenon in which the temperature of the atmosphere increases with altitude in contrast to the normal decrease with altitude. it can lead to pollution accumulating at ground level.
cholera
an infectious and often fatal bacterial disease of the small intestine, typically contracted from infected water supplies and causing severe vomiting and diarrhea.
replacement level fertility
average number of children born per women at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to another
turbidity
cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles
direct costs
costs that are directly related to or caused by an industry or pollution event
indirect costs
costs that are indirectly related to or caused by an industry or pollution event e.g. the loss of business due to a negative public image
first law of thermodynamic
energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form to another
noise pollution
environmental pollution consisting of persistent, bothersome, or harmful noise which may interfere with communication, recreation, work, or sleep
organic effluent
liquid sewage or other organic waste, e.g. milk, produced by living organisms and discharged before processing
integrated waste management
management process that uses many different methods of waste processing to effectively deal with waste products
water hardness
measure of the amount of calcium and magnesium salts in water
nuclear fission
nuclei of iso types split apart when struck by neutrons
total fertility rate
number of children who would be born per 1000 women if they were to pass through their childbearing years
crude death rate
number of deaths per 1000 people
crude birth rate
number of live births occurring among the population per 1000
indicator organism
organism whose presence, absence, or abundance can be used as a determination of the health of the habitat being studied
point source pollution
pollution that can be identified as emanating from a specific place, such a pipe or drain
non point source pollution
pollution that enters a system through diffuse, poorly defined entrances, such as chemicals dropped by a chemical duster
acid rain
precipitation with a pH below 6. it is caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolving in water vapor.
eutrophocation
process of accelerated enrichment of water ways, often by nitrogenous materials such as fertilizers
clean air act
regulates "NOSCLP"
ore
rock that contains a large concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine
k-selected species
selection occurring when a population is at or near the carrying capacity of the environment, which is usually stable
pollution
the adding of unwanted, damaging or often harmful chemicals to a system
urbanization
the growth of cities as a result of the redistribution of people from rural areas to urban environments
ecological footprint
the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain then use of natural resources
sewerage
the infrastructure (piping, drains, etc.) that transports sewage
oil spill
the loss of oil from a contained environment
biological oxygen demand
the mass of oxygen used by one liter of sample effluent stored in darkness at 20 degrees C for five days
atmospheric pollution
the pollution of the air by fine particles and gasses including CO, CO2, O3, and NO2
sewage treatment
the process of using mechanical, biological, and chemical treatments to separate , process and purify biological and domestic waste.
Albedo
the proportion of the incident light or radiation that is reflected by a surface, typically that of a planet or moon.
recycling
the use of waste or old material to provide all or part of the raw material for new products
half life
time it takes for 1/2 the mass of a radioisotope to decay
photochemical smog
type of air pollution caused by the action of sunlight on hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and other pollutants from emitted by motor vehicles and industry
second law of thermodynamics
when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy