apes practice from quest

Based on the diagram, which of the following best predicts how an increase in greenhouse gases would affect the ocean? A The oceans would be warmed because of increased solar radiation being absorbed by the water, causing expansion and sea level rise. B The oceans would be cooled from melting ice caps and glaciers, causing an increase in ocean currents and sea level rise. C The oceans would absorb the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, causing an increase in ocean pH and a decrease in temperature. D The oceans would have greater rates of evaporation from increased surface water temperatures, causing a decrease in the amount of nutrients in the water and a decrease in sea level.

A

Coral bleaching can be hazardous to some fish species because A coral reefs provide unique habitats for fish B decomposition of corals can lead to ocean acidification C the dead corals attract predators that feed on the fish D the corals are the primary source of O2 in ocean water

A

The following questions refer to the gases listed below. (A) H2O (B) CO2 (C) CH4 (D) O3 (E) CCl2F2 The most abundant nonanthropogenic greenhouse gas A H2O B CO2 C CH4 D O3 E CCl2F2

A

Which of the following best describes how an anthropogenic activity can increase ocean acidification? A Emissions from power plants that burn fossil fuels increase atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is absorbed by the ocean. B A spill from an oil rig in the ocean can have acute toxic effects on fish and other aquatic organisms, which disrupt the aquatic food web. C Tourist activities in coastal areas increase the concentration of sunscreen in the water, which decreases the photosynthetic rates of aquatic producers and increases the pH of the ocean. D During and after a major volcanic eruption, large amounts of greenhouse gases, aerosols, and ash are released into the stratosphere, which affects global climate.

A

Which of the following environmental problems is most directly linked to ocean warming? A Coral bleaching B Beaching of whales and dolphins C Decreased global sea level D Decreased ocean sedimentation

A

Based on the data above, which of the following best supports the hypothesis that the Arctic (latitudes greater than 66°N) experienced accelerated warming compared to the rest of the planet from 2011 to 2017 ? A The smallest average surface-temperature change occurred at about −80° latitude in the Antarctic. B The largest areas with surface-temperature changes greater than a 4°C increase are found in the Arctic. C Northern Australia warmed more than the ocean off the west coast of Australia did. D The average surface-temperature change at the equator was about a 0.6°C increase.

B

Based on the data above, which of the following is the most likely conclusion of a study addressing the following scientific question.What will happen to methane levels in the atmosphere at 60°N to 75°N latitude from 2018 to 2027 if the trend from 2011 to 2017 continues? A Methane levels in the atmosphere will increase because of increased growth of producers at latitudes greater than 60°N. B Methane levels in the atmosphere will increase because melting or thawing permafrost will lead to an increase in the amount of organic matter that will decompose. C Methane levels in the atmosphere will decrease because melting sea ice will increase transportation in the ocean by ships at latitudes greater than 60°N. D Methane levels in the atmosphere will decrease because oil and gas exploration will increase as permafrost continues to melt or thaw.

B

Sixty-five percent of global greenhouse gas emissions are made up of carbon dioxide, while only sixteen percent are made up of methane gas. Which of the following best explains why scientists are increasingly concerned about the effect of methane gas emissions on global climate if they are a relatively small percent of greenhouse gases released? A Methane gas is a synthetic compound released from anthropogenic sources, while carbon dioxide is naturally occurring. B Methane gas has a higher global warming potential (GWP) than carbon dioxide does, so it can trap more heat in the atmosphere. C Methane gas has a longer average residence time (ART) than carbon dioxide does in the atmosphere. D Methane gas is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that can combine with ozone to produce photochemical smog, but carbon dioxide is not classified as a volatile organic compound.

B

Based on the diagram, which of the following best illustrates how the biosphere can affect global climate change? A Glaciers and snow reflect back the Sun's energy, decreasing the amount of sunlight absorbed and decreasing the surface temperature. B Greater amounts of incoming UV radiation reach Earth when the ozone is depleted, increasing the rates of skin cancer and cataracts in humans. C Producers use solar energy for photosynthesis, decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and increasing the amount of carbon sequestered in plant tissue. D Warmer atmospheric temperatures decrease cloud cover, reducing the volume of global precipitation.

C

Global warming is most likely to directly cause which of the following? A Shifting of grain belts toward the equator B Falling sea levels in the Southern Hemisphere C Coastal flooding and submersion of low-lying areas D A decrease in the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere E An increase in the number and size of glaciers

C

The data in the graph can be useful in explaining the greenhouse effects when they are compared with A volcanic activity B sunspot activity C mean global temperatures D annual nitrous oxide production E cycles of flooding and drought

C

Which of the following best describes how ocean acidification affects coral formation? A The increase in hydrogen ions dissolved in the ocean water erodes the skeleton of corals, making them weak and vulnerable to damage or death. B The increase in calcium carbonate ions dissolved in the ocean water leads to an increase in the formation of coral reefs and increases the number of algae species that inhabit the reef systems. C The increase in hydrogen ions dissolved in the ocean water sequesters available carbonate ions, preventing the use of calcium carbonate for coral skeleton formation. D The increase in carbonic acid dissolved in the ocean water leads to increased deposition of calcium carbonate by coral species, leading to a bleaching of coral.

C

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of the greenhouse effect in Earth's atmosphere? A Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is absorbed by ozone gas in the stratosphere. B Gamma radiation from the Sun is absorbed at ground level by dust particles in the atmosphere. C Infrared radiation from Earth's surface is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere. D Cosmic radiation from deep space is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere. E Alpha radiation from the Sun is absorbed by water vapor in the atmosphere.

C

Which of the following best describes why water vapor, a greenhouse gas, is not considered a significant contributor to global climate change? A The concentration of water vapor is very low compared to the other gases. B Water vapor is inefficient at absorbing heat and does not absorb much of the infrared spectrum. C Water vapor has a relatively short residence time in the atmosphere. D Trees and other organisms naturally release water vapor during the process of decomposition.

C

Which of the following events would most likely lead to a decrease in the pH in the oceans? A Decreased deforestation in agricultural areas B Decreased vehicular emissions from cars and trucks C Increased burning of fossil fuels in power plants D Increased rates of photosynthesis in terrestrial ecosystems

C

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of the trend for the change in sea ice shown in the graph, creating a positive feedback loop in the Arctic? A Increasing albedo and increasing absorption of heat by the ocean B Increasing albedo and decreasing absorption of heat by the ocean C Decreasing albedo and increasing absorption of heat by the ocean D Decreasing albedo and decreasing absorption of heat by the ocean

C

Which of the following types of releases of greenhouse gases from an anthropogenic source is shown in the diagram? A Volcanic eruptions emitting CO2 into the atmosphere B Release of VOCs from tree species and motor vehicles into the atmosphere C Industrial and agricultural practices releasing CH4 into the atmosphere D Evaporation of surface water increasing H2O vapor in the atmosphere

C

Large quantities of methane hydrates are located in this region and if released will contribute significantly to global climate change. A A B B C C D D E E

D

Many scientists maintain that a rise in sea level has occurred in the last hundred years as a result of global warming. If this is true, which of the following factors best explains such a rise? A Increased precipitation B Increased cloud cover C Increased evapotranspiration D Thermal expansion of the ocean E Melting of permafrost

D

The following questions refer to the gases listed below. (A) H2O (B) CO2 (C) CH4 (D) O3 (E) CCl2F2 A greenhouse gas that, in the lower troposphere, is formed by photochemical reactions A H2O B CO2 C CH4 D O3 E CCl2F2

D

Which of the following best describes the primary cause of global ocean warming? A Increased number of animal species using ocean gyres for migration B Increased movement from the ocean floor (upwelling) during La Niña events C Increased thermal pollution in rivers and streams near power plants and industrial manufacturers D Increased global temperature from an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

D

The following questions refer to the gases listed below. (A) H2O (B) CO2 (C) CH4 (D) O3 (E) CCl2F2 A greenhouse gas that is exclusively anthropogenic A H2O B CO2 C CH4 D O3 E CCl2F2

E

Which of the following scenarios is NOT likely to result from increased temperatures in the Arctic? A Increased numbers of mosquitoes drive caribou to higher, cooler elevations where there is less vegetation. B Increased melting of the permafrost increases the amount of methane that escapes into the atmosphere, which increases the temperature even more. C Increased melting of sea ice decreases travel distance for ships but increases the distance that polar bears and other Arctic species have to travel to find food, thus leading to their possible extinction. D Increased melting of the permafrost decreases the number of days that large vehicles can travel over the area to transport drilling equipment to extract oil from the region. E Increased melting of sea ice decreases the sea level and leads to more arable land area that can be farmed.

E

Which of the following will occur if the trend of global temperature increase continues? A Night temperatures will decrease as day temperatures increase. B Tropical areas will become cooler than they currently are. C Sea levels will drop due to increased evaporation. D The incidence of insect-borne diseases will decrease. E The troposphere will contain more water vapor.

E

The map reflects the difference in annual surface temperature from 2011 to 2017 in relation to 2000 to 2010. The scatterplot reflects the average change in surface temperature by latitude from 2011 to 2017 in relation to 2000 to 2010. A. The albedo will decrease. B The amount of carbon dioxide released from combustion of fossil fuels will decrease. C The population specialist species, such as polar bears, will increase. D The amount of solar energy radiated back into space will increase.

the albedo will decrease