Apes review
Approximately what is the efficiency of the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in photosynthesis?
1 %
Countries undergoing rapid population growth include which of the following?
1 only (from graph)
The current world population is closest to which of the following?
10 billion
Approximately how many more times acidic, in terms of H+ concentrations, is precipitation in the northern US (pH: 4.4) as compared to precipitation in the South Pacific (pH: 5.4)?
100
(graph question) At which time after clear-cutting does the ecosystem exhibit the greatest species richness?
100 years
If population of a country grows at a rate of 5% per a year, the number of years required for the population to double is ...
15 years
Human population growth in 2018 was 1.97. In what year would the population double?
2083
Approximately what percent of the population in country II is under the age of 15?
25 %
The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide increased from 278 ppm in 1790 to 383 ppm in 2007. What is the approximate percent increase in carbon dioxide concentration from 1790 to 2007?
38%
After 200 million years, only 1/16 of the original amount of a particular radioactive waste will remain. The half-life of this radioactive waste is how many million years?
50
On the basis of the data (pH graph), the best predictions of the pH of water in which Dapahnia normally are found in the wild is...
7
With the population of 6.1 billion and growing at an annual rate of 1.36%. If the world population were to grow at this rate for another year, approximately how many people would be added?
8 x 10^7
Which of the following best shows the process of evolution?
A population of mosquitos develops resistance to a pesticide.
Which of the following strategies has most aided the nesting success of the piping plovers at old Orchard Beach?
An increase in educational outreach to beachgoers
The snowshoe hare (rabbit) is the primary prey for the lynx. The lynx is a wild feline that is slightly larger than a bobcat. Scientists plan to investigate the relative size of the hare and lynx population over a 3 year period. Based on predator-prey dynamics, which of the following identifies the hypothesis most likely to be supported by the study?
An increase in the lynx population size will lead to a decrease in the hare population size.
Plant roots absorbs ammonium ions and nitrate ions in making molecules into DNA, amino acids, and proteins? What is this process?
Assimilation
(From long article) Which of the following best describes the evidence that the author uses to support the claims that fireworks are one of the biggest threats to the plovers on the fourth of July at Old Orchard Beach?
Audubon employees have found plover nests with chicks that died because parents have been scared away by the noise and light of fireworks.
Rapid rate of this process in the tropical forests results in low nutrient soils
Decomposition
Which of the following organisms occupies the lowest tropic level ?
Deer
Which process in the Nitrogen Cycle released nitrogen gas into the atmosphere?
DenitRifcation of soul nitrates by bacteria.
When soil nutrients are reduced and released into the atmosphere as a gas? What is this process?
Denitrification
Which of the following best illustrates the tragedy of the commons?
Depletion of an aquifer by regional farmers.
Which of the following processes indirectly removes carbon from atmosphere ?
Formation of carbonate deposits
A student decides to lower his overall footprint by reducing money spent on shoes and clothing. Land use in which of the following categories will be most affected by this change?
Goods and services
The most commonly used measure of the economic growth of a country is which of the following?
Gross national product
Factors that affect the total fertility rate of a human population include which of the following? I. Cultural traditions II. Government traditions III. Education level and economic opportunities for females
I, II, and III
Factors contributing to the rise in world hunger include all of the following except?
Increasing consumption of vegetable protein in place of meat protein
Which of the following is most likely the primary cause of high death rates in phase 1?
Infant and childhood mortality
A country with the age distribution like that in the figure is most likely a country that...
Is experiencing slow or no population growth
Which of the following best explains why each of the finch species on the Galapagos islands evolved into specialists?
Islands have limited food resources, forcing species to feed on a small range of food items.
Which of the following is true statement about the replacement level fertility?
It is greater in countries with high infant mortality rates than in countries with low infant mortality rates.
If an energy source is 35 percent efficient, what happens to the other 65 percent of the energy?
It is lost as waste heat
(pH graph question) How would a control group be useful in this experiment?
It would provide a refernce for the effects of effects on random environmental factors.
Certain lizards display a survivorship curve where the chance of survival is independent of age. What line on the graph best depicts the survivorship of these lizards?
Linear, straight, downward line (c)
Open ocean produces the largest share of Earths biomass because of NPP of ocean is...
Low, but large expense of oceans support enormous number of producers
The process of ammonia turning into nitrite then nitrate
Nitrification
Which of the following biogeochemical cycles has the largest reservoir?
Nitrogen cycle and the atmosphere
In photosynthesis, what is the major source of gas in Earths atmosphere?
O^2
Based on the table, which of the following claims about the relationship between the tree finch and the invasive fly is best supported?
Parasitic relationship
Zero population growth is associated with
Phase I and IV
Why is phosphorus a limiting factor?
Phosphorus forms stable insoluble compounds
What is the Major biological source of dissolved oxygen?
Photosynthesis by phytoplankton
(From long article) Which of the following identifies a claim made by the author in the article?
Piping plovers are endangered in Maine because of the loss of wide, open sand and dune grass habitats that the birds use for nesting.
The Chatham Island robin is a small endangered bird found in scrub forests off the coast of New Zealand. the robin is preyed upon by the introduced species such as cats and rats. In 1980, the population decreased to only 5 indidivuals and every individual today is a descendent of a single female. Which of the following is best illustrated in the decline of the Chatham Island robins?
Population bottleneck
When you travel to Southwest Artic regions to tropics in Panama, you will pass several biomes. The pattern of change in vegetation is primary the result of:
Primary and secondary succession
The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event was caused when an asteroid impacted earth approximately 66 million years ago, near what is now the Gulf of Mexico. the indirect effects of the impact affected the entire globe. The event resulted in the extinction of nearly 75 % of all plant and animal species on earth, including the majority of dinosaur species. Which of the following likely describes why most of these species went extinct?
Rapid climate and habitat change
Which of the following practices would have the greatest impact on achieving global sustainability?
Reducing human population size
When you fragment one large park or preserve into many small parks with human habitation in between them, this likely leads to:
Reduction in species diversity
Which of the following strategies will best reduce eutrophication in Bay?
Regulating use of inorganic fertilizer
What is the country with the largest area of forests?
Russia
Which of the following periodic fluctuations explains the curve?
Seasonal variations in photosynthetic activity
Which of the following best describes why secondary succession generally occurs more quickly than primary succession?
Secondary succession takes place in areas that already have soil and nutrient in place, whereas primary succession occurs in areas that lack soil.
For which of the following reasons do small isolated islands have a greater rate of species extinction than larger, less isolated islands?
Small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources
(graph question) Which tree species grows best with full sunlight?
Sweet gum
The rate of population growth starts to slow down at which point?
The beginning of phase III
A one-hectare pond is sampled in early September. The sample yields 1 small catfish as well as 17 other invertebrates that represent 10 species. If the pond is resampled a year later, which of the following would best indicate that the pond had been adversely affected by adjacent development?
The biodiversity of the pond has decreased.
Which of the following is a limitation of using only data in the table to complete an ecological footprint analysis?
The footprint is a static analysis and does not include all environmental impacts of an individual.
The increase in size of the Earth human population in the last century has been dramatic. Which of the following identifies two major distributions to this increase?
The industrial Revolution and modern medicine
In England, approximately 250 years ago, the peppered moth had light-colored wing patterns that camouflage them against the light-colored trees. Over time in the urban areas, the number of peppered moths with dark-colored wings increased as pollution from the Industrial revolution darkened the trees the moth rested on. Which of the following statements best describes how the mouth adapted to the new environmental over time?
The moths adapted to the new environment by changes in the genetics of the population.
If externalities were included in the cost of a product or service, the following would be most likely to occur:
The price of the product would increase and demand would decrease
Which of the following can be interpreted from an age-structure diagram of a country?
The relative population growth rate of the population.
What is the ultimate source of energy for the terrestrial ecosystem
The sun
Brown marmorated stink bugs are native to China and Japan. They were identified in Pennsylvania for the first time in 1998 and have since spread across North America, feeding on agricultural crops. Which of the following characteristics of the brown marmorated stink bug has led to them being an invasive species in North America.
They are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions.
Devils Hole is a extreme environment, with water temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations near the lethal limits for most fish species. Which of the following statements best explains why the Devil Hole pupfish are able to live in this environment?
They are well adapted to the habitat of Devils Hole and can thrive in conditions that are outside of the range of tolerance for most other species.
Which of the following best helps explain why phosphorous is a limiting factor in ecosystems?
Under many conditions, phosphorus forms stable insoluble compounds.
Which of the following is not an external cost of driving a domestic car?
cost of manufacturing a car
Which of the following would encourage recycling?
decreasing taxes on recycled material
Which of the following is the reproductive strategy of the seals?
k-selected species
Which of the following describe the reproductive strategy of rabbits?
r-selected species
(From long article) The author assumes that the OOB365 group is mostly concerned about canceling the fireworks displays at Old orchard Beach because...
revenue will be lost from tourists attracted by the firework displays
A sustainable society would emphasize
using energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter