APES UNIT 2 QUIZ

Based on the graph above, which of the following years postdisturbance had the greatest species richness?

100

Based on the graph above, which of the following years postdisturbance did sweetgum experience the greatest biomass?

50

Which of the following economic consequences to a provisioning ecosystem service will most likely result from increased global warming?

The collapse of local fisheries, because of the damage to coral reefs from ocean acidification

What is a generalist vs a specialist?

Generalist species can feed on a wide variety of things and thrive in various environments. Specialist species eat a limited diet and occupy a much narrower niche.

4 parts to Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection:

variation: the different features of a species (i.e. long neck and short neck). overproduction struggle for existence differential survival and reproduction.

Species richness

total # of species (S) present in an ecosystem

Native, nonnative, indicator, keystone

local, not local, can be used to tell if the enviroment is healthy, something vital in the enviroment.

provisioning

products recieved directly from nature (oil)

Which of the following best identifies the author's claim?

Acidic water affects the salmon's ability to sense danger from attacking predators by their sense of smell.

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following islands would most likely have the highest number of species living on it?

An island 30 hectares in size that is 10 kilometers off the coast of the mainland

Which of the following best identifies the author's claim? crocodile

Anthropogenic disruptions to Earth's resources can have sudden and severe negative consequences to the health of native species, specifically those whose populations are already threatened.

An island off the coast of Africa contains a larger percentage of specialist species than generalist species. Which of the following describes the most immediate effect if an invasive generalist species is introduced to the island?

As competition for resources increases, the population size of the island's specialist species will decrease.

Which of the following best describes the trends in atmospheric CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature over the past 800,000 years?

Atmospheric CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature are directly correlated over the past 800,000 years.

What increases Biodiversity?

Biodiversity can be increased through a range of different habitats, and different animal and plant species.

What does Biodiversity do for us?

Biodiversity is necessary for processes that support all life on Earth. It allows for a healthy and balanced ecosystem.

A team of ecologists are studying four different ecosystems with varying levels of biodiversity. The ecologists categorize the different levels of biodiversity for the four ecosystems as shown in the table below. Based on the information above, which ecosystem most likely experienced a recent population bottleneck?

Ecosystem A, because its low genetic diversity could have resulted from an event that reduced the variation in the gene pool.

In the 1970s, the amount of industrial pollution decreased and the trees began to return to their preindustrial appearance. Which of the following graphs best demonstrates the change in the frequencies of light-colored moths and dark-colored moths in the population from 1950 to 2000? The dark-colored moths are represented with a solid line and the light-colored moths are represented with a dashed line.

Graph C-Light-colored moths will survive and reproduce better than dark-colored moths, and their relative percentage in the population will increase.

A team of ecologists are studying four different ecosystems with varying levels of biodiversity. The ecologists categorize the different levels of biodiversity for the four ecosystems as shown in the table below. Based on the information above, which of the following best describes Ecosystem C?

Its low habitat diversity indicates that Ecosystem C most likely has a low number of specialist species and few species that utilize large territories.

Which of the following best identifies the author's claim? Reef fish

Observed adjustments in the ecological tolerance of a species of reef fish is a result of epigenetic changes.

What decreases Biodiversity?

Overexploitation and overuse of land.

Which of the following best describes the pattern in the atmospheric CO2 concentration data over the past 200,000 years?

The concentration of CO2 fluctuated between 150 ppm and 250 ppm until recently when the concentration rose exponentially.

The image shows two different islands and the relative distance to the nearest mainland. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following best predicts the effect of the introduction of an invasive species on Easter Island compared to Madagascar?

The native species on Madagascar are more likely to survive because the island is larger and provides a greater diversity of habitats and resources.

Researchers examined the effect of industrialization and increased pollution (soot) in London on the coloration in a single species of moths. Birds prey on the moths that are easily visible on trees. The researchers observed moths on tree trunks and recorded their body color. The percentage of moths with light colored bodies and the percentage of moths with dark bodies is shown on the graph above. Question Based on the data in the graph, which of the following best describes the change in the population of moths as a result of industrialization?

The percentage of dark colored moths increased in the population and the percentage of light-colored moths decreased in the population.

Changes in Atmospheric CO2 Concentration and Antarctic Temperature over the Past 800,000 Years. Which of the following best describes the change in Antarctic temperature from about 440,00 years ago to about 340,000 years ago?

The temperature increases by about 12C and then decreases by about 12C .

Question Based on the graph above, which of the following tree species would be the predominant species found during the intermediate stage of succession?

Tulip poplar-The biomass of the tulip poplar trees peaks at about 125 years, which is the intermediate stage of succession for this ecosystem.

diversity index

a statistic that is intended to measure the biodiversity of an ecosystem.

cultural

art, music, literature

Theory of Evolution:

change all species descended from earlier species diversity of the world darwin-natural selection selective pressure: environmental factors that lessen reproduction in a species (i.e. competition for food).

A team of ecologists are studying four different ecosystems with varying levels of biodiversity. The ecologists categorize the different levels of biodiversity for the four ecosystems as shown in the table below. Based on the information above, which ecosystem would most likely recover the fastest from a natural disruption?

ecosystem b has a high species diversity and a fairly high genetic diversity which means it could recover from a natural disruption.

Adaptations:

heritable traits, better survival, and reproduction rates. can pass on to the offspring.

Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem that provides ecosystem services including protection from hurricane storm surges?

intact coastal wetland

Species evenness

relative abundance or proportion of individuals among the species

regulating

systems in nature that keep things moving (pollination)

supportive

systems vital to the enviroment (photosynthesis.)

Researchers in the Galápagos Islands measured the average beak size in a population of finches from 1976 to 1984, as shown in the graph below. Birds with smaller beaks are better suited for grasses and soft seeds, while birds with larger beaks are better suited for seeds and nuts. In years with less rainfall, there are fewer grasses to feed on and the finches rely more on seeds for food. In 1977, 1980, and 1982, there were droughts, and the area experienced significantly less rainfall than average. Which statement is best supported by the data in the graph?

Finches with larger beaks were more likely to survive in 1980 because they were able to feed primarily on seeds and nuts during the drought.

Which of the following ecosystem services are categorized as regulating?

Pollination, decomposition, and water purification