APHUG UNIT 5 CHEAT

9. The percentage of the labor force in the United States that works directly in agriculture is A) 2-5%. B) 5-7%. C) 7-9%. D) 10-12%. E) 13-15%.

A. 2-5%

45. Pastoral nomads do not typically herd A) cattle. B) llamas. C) sheep. D) goats. E) camels.

A. Cattle

104. According to the von Thunen model, the first ring is used for A) dairy. B) forestry. C) mixed crop and livestock. D) crop rotation. E) grain farming.

A. Dairy

25. _____________ did not contain an agricultural hearth. A) Europe. B) Asia. C) Africa. D) South America. E) Middle America.

A. Europe

46. Livestock ranching and pastoral nomadism both A) exist in environments too harsh for crop production. B) suffer from low wages. C) rely on the same animals for their livelihood. D) flourish in central Asia. E) suffer from undue government regulations.

A. Exist in enviroments too harsh for crop production

11. Subsistence agriculture dominates in A) less developed countries. B) more developed countries. C) mid-latitude climates. D) newly-industrialized countries. E) none of the above.

A. Less developed countries

56. All of the following are examples of intensive commercial agriculture except A) dairy. B) truck farming. C) mixed crop and livestock. D) horticulture. E) paddy rice farming.

E. Paddy rice farming.

59. Which region is not a major dairy producing area? A) Southeast Canada. B) Northeastern United States. C) Southern California. D) Northwestern Europe. E) Southeast United States.

E. Southeast Untied States.

96. Legal crops such as coffee, tea, and tobacco grown on plantations in the tropics for export to More Developed Countries (MDCs) are commonly referred to as A) luxury crops. B) perishable crops. C) specialty crops. D) export crops. E) none of the above.

A. Luxury crops

8. The primary purpose of commercial agriculture is to A) make a profit. B) produce a superior product. C) produce a product in a sustainable manner. D) provide jobs for a large percentage of the population. E) sustain the rural way of life.

A. Make a profit

47. Pastoral nomads potentially contribute to desertification by A) overgrazing. B) using poor cultivation techniques. C) moving animals frequently. D) all of the above. E) A and B only.

A. Overgrazing.

52. The agricultural practice most commonly associated with intensive subsistence agriculture is A) paddy rice farming. B) swidden agriculture. C) plantation agriculture. D) market gardening. E) none of the above

A. Paddy rice farming

33. Which statement regarding agricultural region(s) with respect to Whitttlessey's Agricultural Regions map is no longer applicable? A) Plantation agriculture doesn't exist in North America anymore. B) Grain regions have become smaller over time. C) Mediterranean agriculture has declined in importance. D) Areas of shifting cultivation have become more prominent. E) Commercial gardening in the U.S. is still dominant along the east coast.

A. Plantation agriculture doesn't exist in North America anymore.

32. When comparing the Koppen Climate Regions Map with the Whittlessey Agricultural Regions Map one can conclude that A) there is a direct relationship between the patterns on both maps. B) many agricultural regions exist outside their respective climate zones. C) climate is not a limiting factor on the distribution of agriculture. D) agricultural regions have changed a great deal in the 20th century. E) Whittlessey's map is outdated.

A. There is a direct relationship between the patterns on both maps.

24. Which famous cultural geographer theorized that the invention of agriculture took place in multiple hearths? A) Ester Bosrup. B) Carl Sauer. C) Henrich von Thunen. D) Walter Christaller. E) William Burgess.

B. Carl Sauer

58. All of the following are environmental impacts of commercial farming except A) over harvesting of ocean fisheries. B) contribution to the urban heat island effect. C) deforestation. D) erosion of top-soil. E) chemical contamination of drinking water.

B. Contribution in the urban heat island effect

50. Which of the following are examples of extensive subsistence agriculture? A) Swidden and dairy. B) Slash and burn agriculture and nomadic herding. C) Shifting cultivation and livestock ranching. D) Livestock ranching and slash and burn agriculture. E) Nomadic herding and plantation agriculture.

B. Slash and burn agriculture and nomadic herding

20. What area of the world first incorporated domestication of both plants and animals? A) Ethiopian Highlands. B) Southwest Asia. C) Southeast Asia. D) East Asia. E) Middle America.

B. Southwest Asia

13. All of the following are types of subsistence agriculture except A) pastoral nomadism. B) truck farming. C) shifting cultivation. D) swidden agriculture. E) intensive rice farming.

B. Truck farming

71. The country that produces the most maize in the world is A) Canada. B) United States. C) Ukraine. D) Brazil. E) Argentina.

B. United States

22. Which pairing of animal(s) and region is not correct? A) Water buffalo, pig, and chicken - Southeast Asia. B) Llama and alpaca - South America. C) Cattle - South Asia. D) Goat and sheep - Southwest Asia. E) All of the above.

C. Cattle - South Asia

40. Pastoral nomadism still a dominant way of life in many parts of A) western United States. B) central Australia. C) Central Asia. D) West Africa. E) Central America.

C. Central Asia

48. What agricultural technique allows subsistence farmers in tropical and sub-tropical areas to support a large population with a small amount of arable land? A) Four-field crop rotation system. B) Intertillage. C) Double cropping. D) Swidden agriculture. E) Slash and burn agriculture.

C. Double cropping.

80. The two most important crops grown in the Mediterranean region are A) dates and lemons. B) almonds and grapes. C) grapes and olives. D) olives and tomatoes. E) wheat and olives.

C. Grapes and olives

102. According to the von Thunen model, what type of agricultural practice would locate in the outer most concentric ring? A) Dairy. B) Forestry. C) Grazing. D) Mixed crop and livestock. E) Horticulture.

C. Grazing

91. Commercial agriculture practiced in the tropics and subtropics is called A) intensive subsistence agriculture. B) paddy rice farming. C) plantation agriculture. D) double cropping. E) none of the above.

C. Plantation agriculture

34. Shifting cultivation is still practiced in many parts of A) South Asia. B) East Asia. C) South America. D) North Africa. E) Central Asia.

C. South America

19. All of the following were vegetative planting (root crop) hearths except A) West Africa. B) Southeast Asia. C) Southwest Asia. D) Peruvian Highlands. E) All of the above.

C. Southwest Asia

26. Agricultural first diffused to Europe from A) North Africa. B) South Asia. C) Southwest Asia. D) West Africa. E) Southeast Asia.

C. Southwest Asia

67. The most important large-scale commercial wheat producing countries in the world include all of the following except A) United States. B) Ukraine. C) Switzerland. D) Argentina. E) Australia.

C. Swtizerland

7. All of the following are aspects of commercial agriculture except A) a heavy reliance on machinery. B) the product is consumed off the farm. C) there is little relationship to other businesses. D) a small percentage of the workforce is engaged directly in agriculture. E) the average size of farms is hundreds of acres.

C. There is little relationship to other businessess

51. Extensive subsistence agriculture predominates in A) tropical rain forests. B) sub-tropical areas. C) semi-arid deserts. D) deserts. E) all of the above.

C. semi-arid deserts.

17. According to Carl Sauer, what best characterized the invention of plant domestication? A) The process was gradual. B) A number of independent hearths were established. C) Hearths developed in areas with high biodiversity. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.

D. All of the above

54. What geographic factor best explains why a piece of land is used intensively or extensively for agriculture? A) Soil quality. B) Precipitation levels. C) Climate region. D) Distance to the market. E) Price of land.

D. Distance to the market.

81. In Mediterranean agriculture farmers derive most of their income from A) sheep and goats. B) dairy products for various types of cheeses. C) wheat grown for bread and pasta production. D) fruits and vegetables. E) tomatoes.

D. Fruits and vegetables.

68. All of the following are major wheat producing states except A) North Dakota. B) Nebraska. C) Kansas. D) Iowa. E) Montana.

D. Iowa

21. Which combination of animals was domesticated in Southwest Asia? A) Water buffalo, pig, and chicken. B) Llama and alpaca. C) Cattle, camel, and goat. D) Sheep and goat. E) Yak and horse.

D. Sheep and goat

12. Growing only enough food to feed your family is an example of A) vegetative planting. B) market gardening. C) extensive commercial agriculture. D) subsistence agriculture. E) none of the above.

D. Subsistence agriculture

73. The area in Canada most associated with grain farming is A) the Maritime Provinces. B) Ontario. C) the Northwest Territories. D) the Prairie Provinces. E) British Columbia.

D. The Prairie Provinces

82. Even though climatic conditions are suitable for wine production in North Africa and Southwest Asia, why is this form of agriculture not practiced in these regions? A) Both areas need economic development to establish a wine industry. B) Strict government regulations discourage development of a wine industry. C) Lack of irrigation engineering is an impediment. D) There is not a cultural tradition of consuming wine in these regions. E) Desalination is still too costly for this type of economic activity.

D. There is not a cultural tradition of consuming wine in these regions

42. All of the following are characteristics of pastoral nomads except A) they consume mostly grains rather than meat. B) they trade meat and skins for grains. C) they stay in one place when rainfall is plentiful. D) they only consume animal products and animal by-products. E) they primarily depend on animals for their survival.

D. They only consume animal products and animal by-products

90. Many farmers in New England turned to specialty farming, such as growing mushrooms, asparagus, herbs, and nursery plants because A) the climate is better for these types of operations. B) depopulation of rural New England has reduced the customer base. C) the "eat locally" movement has generated more demand for these products. D) dairy farming has become less profitable due to lower milk prices per unit and increasing operating costs. E) the increased use of refrigerated trucks has expanded the market area.

Dairy farming has become less profitable due to lower milk prices per unit and increasing operating costs

49. Another term for pastoral nomadism is A) extensive subsistence agriculture. B) nomadic herding. C) livestock ranching. D) grain agriculture. E) A and B only

E. A and B only

101. According to the von Thunen model, what costs does a commercial farmer consider when deciding what crops to plant? A) Transportation costs. B) Cost of land. C) Transaction costs. D) Cost of externalities. E) A and B only.

E. A and B only.

16. Which of the following statements is most accurate concerning the invention of agriculture? A) The process was gradual. B) There were multiple hearths throughout the world. C) The process was a sudden response to extreme environmental changes. D) Humans did little experimentation with plant domestication. E) A and B only.

E. A and B only.

38. Swidden agriculture refers to A) clearing land to farm using slash and burn techniques. B) only farming cleared land for one to two years. C) terracing steep hillsides for agricultural purposes. D) all of the above. E) A and B only.

E. A and B only.

41. Pastoral nomads predominate in A) semi-arid deserts. B) deserts. C) subtropical grasslands. D) tropical rainforest. E) A and B only.

E. A and B only.

55. What activity typifies extensive commercial agriculture? A) Wheat and grain farming. B) Livestock ranching. C) Banana plantations in Latin America. D) Mixed crop and livestock operations in Iowa. E) A and B only.

E. A and B only.

44. Pastoral nomadism is a threatened way of life because A) of competition for resources. B) the nomads often cross international borders. C) it is not an economically viable livelihood. D) increased population pressures. E) all of the above.

E. All of the above

57. What best characterizes intensive commercial agriculture? A) Commercial agriculture dominates in MDCs. B) Due to globalization and competition, profit margins have decreased. C) Farmers must specialize in order to stay competitive. D) Farmers are part of a complex and highly integrated system called agribusiness. E) All of the above.

E. All of the above

78. Mediterranean agricultural products are grown in A) Chile. B) the Central Valley of California. C) southern Spain. D) North Africa. E) all of the above.

E. All of the above

79 Mediterranean agriculture products include A) grapes. B) olives. C) dates. D) lemons. E) all of the above.

E. All of the above

84. Market gardening dominates in A) New Jersey and Delaware. B) parts of Florida. C) the west coast of Michigan. D) the Central Valley of California. E) all of the above.

E. All of the above

92. This crop is often grown on plantations in the tropics and sub-tropics. A) Sugarcane. B) Palm oil. C) Cocoa. D) Tea. E) All of the above.

E. All of the above

93. Most plantation operations are found in A) Latin America. B) Sub-Saharan Africa. C) Southeast Asia. D) South Asia. E) all of the above.

E. All of the above

66. Most cereal grains produced in the Untied States are A) exported to developing countries. B) given away as foreign aid. C) turned into processed foods such as breakfast cereals and breads. D) sold to food processing industries. E) fed to livestock.

E. Fed to livestock

105. Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, market gardening would be located in A) the upper Midwest. B) California. C) Pacific Northwest. D) New England. E) southeastern states.

E. Southeastern states

105. Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, market gardening would be located in A) the upper Midwest. B) California. C) Pacific Northwest. D) New England. E) southeastern states.

E. Southeastern states.106. Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, dairy agriculture would dominate in A) New England and upstate New York. B) southeastern states. C) California. D) the Pacific Northwest. E) none of the above.

18. According Carl Sauer, why did vegetative planting first start in Southeast Asia? A) The predictable annual flooding of rivers provided needed irrigation. B) The humid continental climate was ideal for experimentation. C) The extensive river valleys provided excellent soil for cultivation. D) The monsoon weather system was ideal for experimentation with plants. E) The region's high biodiversity allowed people to become more sedentary, which naturally led to experimentation with plants.

E. The region's high biodiversity allowed people to become more sedentary, which naturally led to experimentation with plants.

10. The major difference between subsistence and commercial agriculture is A) where the product is consumed. B) that commercial agriculture is primarily focused on profit. C) that land ownership in subsistence agricultural communities is often communal. D) that in subsistence agriculture the motivation is to feed one's family. E) all of the above.

E. all of the above

53. Technology essential for intensive subsistence agriculture is A) irrigation. B) precision agriculture techniques. C) biotechnology. D) advancements in pesticide research. E) all of the above.

a. Irrigation