APUSH 2

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America's first billion-dollar corporation was

United States Steel

The Confederate blockade runner, the Merrimack, was

destroyed by Confederate soldiers.

The major manufacturing enterprise in colonial America in the eighteenth century was

lumbering

the war of 1812 was one of the worst-fought wars in united states history because

of widespread disunity

141. To help the British, colonial Loyalists did all of the following except

pay extra taxes to fund the war

all of the following were part of Alexander hamilton's economic program except

paying only domestic debts but not foreign debts.

the war of 1812 was one of the worst-fought wars in american history for all of hte following except that

there was no militia to draw on to supplement the regular army

In the 1800 election Thomas Jefferson won the state of New York because Arron Burr ______.

used his influence to turn the state to Jefferson

The Spanish Franciscan missionaries treated the native inhabitants of California:

very harshly

10. All of the following internal developments during the late nineteenth century in China resulted in Chinese immigration to the United States EXCEPT (A) the disintegration of the Chinese Empire. (B) severe land shortages. (C) the intrusion of European powers. (D) the Nationalist Communist Civil War. (E) limited economic opportunity and political turmoil.

11. With the passage of the Pendleton Act, prohibiting political contributions from many federal workers, politicians increasingly sought money from (A) labor unions. (B) farmers and agrarian associations. (C) foreign contributors. (D) contractors doing business with the federal government. (E) large corporations.

11.Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in all of the following activities except a. child care. b.instruction in English. c. cultural activities. d. instruction in socialism. e. social reform lobbying.

14. President Cleveland's response to the depression of the 1890s demonstrated that he (A) was able to work effectively with J. P. Morgan to address the problems of unemployment. (B) understood the problems of urban workers better than those of farmers. (C) had a weak grasp of the economic theory that lay behind the demand for free silver. (D) was unable to deal effectively with such a massive economic crisis. (E) was able to skillfully incorporate some Populist proposals into the Democratic party.

16. Grover Cleveland's election in 1884 marked a change in nineteenth-century American politics for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that (A) he was the first Democrat elected since James Buchanan in 1856. (B) he was blunt and tactless, following decades of corruption. (C) he was able to narrow the political division between the North and South. (D) he favored agricultural over business interests. (E) he fired many incumbent Republicans, creating Democratic dominance.

17. The bitter conflict between whites and Indians intensified a. during the Civil War. b. as a result of vigilante justice. c. when big business took over the mining industry. d. as the mining frontier expanded. e. after the Battle of Wounded Knee.

175. The Border States offered all of the following advantages except A) a large population. B) a good supply of horses and mules. C) valuable manufacturing capacity. D) shipbuilding facilities. E) large navigable rivers.

18. The wild frontier towns where the three major cattle trails from Texas ended were a. Kansas City, Kansas; Pueblo, Colorado; and Laramie, Wyoming. b. Tulsa, Oklahoma; Santa Fe, New Mexico; and Denver, Colorado. c. Topeka, Kansas; Omaha, Nebraska; and Casper, Wyoming. d. Abilene, Kansas; Ogallala, Nebraska; and Cheyenne, Wyoming. e. Atchison, Kansas; Greeley, Colorado; and Bozeman, Montana.

182. Johnny Reb tended to be all of the following except A) jocular. B) emotional. C) religious. D) detached personally from the war. E) bred to fight.

185. The greatest weakness of the South during the Civil War was its A) military leadership. B) navy. C) slave population. D) economy. E) political system.

197. Napoleon III's attempt to install Maximilian on the Mexican throne was a clear violation of A) French neutrality. B) the Rush-Bagot agreement. C) Spanish sovereignty. D) the Monroe Doctrine. E) Pan-American treaties.

208. The only major Northern industry that suffered economic reversal during the Civil War was A) textile manufacturing. B) the petroleum industry. C) wheat farming. D) foreign shipping. E) iron manufacturing.

209. During the Civil War, women in the North A) generally played a small role. B) worked on farms but not in cities. C) saw their numbers in the manufacturing force greatly reduced. D) had new opportunities opened to them in industry. E) agitated for the vote.

210. At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored A) postponing military action as long as possible. B) making the Civil War about ending slavery. C) long-term enlistments for Union soldiers. D) quick military action to show the folly of secession. E) seizing control of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.

22.As a leader of the African American community, Booker T. Washington a. helped to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. b. advocated social equality. c. discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut. d.promoted black self-help but did not challenge segregation. e. promoted black political activism.

23.That a "talented tenth" of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of a. George Washington Carver b. Booker T. Washington. c. Ida B. Wells. d. W. E. B. Du Bois. e. Paul Laurence Dunbar.

27. Which of the following provides the least valid support for the theory that the frontier served as a "safety valve" for American social discontent and economic conflict? a. Free western land attracted many immigrant farmers who might have crowded urban job markets. b. The possibility of westward migration encouraged eastern employers to pay higher wages. c. Farmers frequently migrated after earning a profit from the sale of land. d. Eastern city dwellers headed west to get free homesteads during depressions. e. Western cities became places of opportunity for failed farmers and easterners alike.

28.During the industrial revolution, life expectancy a. decreased. b. changed very little. c. was much higher in Europe than in the United States. d. measurably increased. e. rose for women more than men.

35.American novelists' turn from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism reflected the a. influence of Latin American literature. b. heightened awareness of racial problems. c. higher educational level of their readers. d. materialism and conflicts of the new industrial society. e. growing prominence of women writers.

39. By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage a.acknowledged that women were biologically weaker than men but claimed that they deserved the vote anyway. b. temporarily abandoned the movement for the vote. c. formed strong alliances with African Americans seeking voting rights. d. argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world. e. insisted on the inherent political and moral equality of men and women.

42.The growing prohibition movement especially reflected the concerns of a. the new immigrants. b. big business. c. the poor and working classes. d. middle class women. e. industrial labor unions.

44. During industrialization, Americans increasingly a. had less free time. b. outlawed cruel and violent sports like boxing. c. became less involved in physical sports and games. d.shared a common and standardized popular culture. e.fragmented into diverse consumer markets.

59. William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic party primarily because he a. had already gained the nomination of the Populist party. b. had the support of urban workers. c. possessed a brilliant political mind. d. eloquently supported the farmers' demand for the unlimited coinage of silver. e. was backed by the Democratic Party establishment.

7. A "bird of passage" was an immigrant who a. came to the United States to live permanently. b. only passed through America on his or her way to Canada. c. was unmarried. d. came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe. e. flew from job to job.

Andrew Jackson based his veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States on a. constitutional grounds exclusively. b. advice from Henry Clay. c. the Supreme Court's McCulloch v. Maryland decision. d. the fact that he found the bill harmful to the nation. e. all of the above.

Andrew Jackson made all of the following charges against the Bank of the United States except that a. the bank was antiwestern. b. it was controlled by an elite moneyed aristocracy. c. the bank was autocratic and tyrannical. d. it refused to lend money to politicians. e. profit, not public service, was its first priority.

In an effort to assimilate themselves into white society, the Cherokees did all of the following except a. adopt a system of settled agriculture. b. develop a written constitution. c. become cotton planters. d. refuse to own slaves. e. develop a notion of private property.

In the 1820s and 1830s the public's attitude regarding political parties a. grew more negative. b. saw little change from the early years of our nation. c. reinforced the belief of the Era of Good Feelings. d. accepted the sometimes wild contentiousness of political life. e. none of the above.

John C. Calhoun's "South Carolina Exposition" was an argument for a. secession. b. protective tariffs. c. majority rule. d. states' rights. e. trade with England.

John Quincy Adams could be described as a. an excellent politician. b. a man who sought popular support. c. a politician with great tact. d. possessing almost none of the arts of the politician. e. a man of limited intelligence.

Texans won their independence as a result of the victory over Mexican armies at the Battle of a. Santa Anna. b. Goliad. c. the Alamo. d. San Jacinto. e. the Rio Grande.

The bitter conflict between whites and Indians intensified a. during the Civil War. b. as a result of vigilante justice. c. when big business took over the mining industry. d. as the mining frontier expanded. e. after the Battle of Wounded Knee.

The nullification crisis of 1833 resulted in a clear-cut victory for a. South Carolina. b. Andrew Jackson and the Union. c. states' rights. d. neither Andrew Jackson nor the nullifiers. e. the industrialists.

The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended when a. Andrew Jackson used the court system to force compliance. b. the federal army crushed all resistance. c. Congress used the provisions of the Force Bill. d. Congress passed the compromise Tariff of 1833. e. South Carolina took over the collection of tariffs.

The section of the United States most hurt by the Tariff of 1828 was a. New England. b. the West. c. the Southwest. d. the South. e. the middle states.

The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in a. a clean sweep of federal job holders. b. the replacement of insecurity by security in employment. c. the destruction of the personalized political machine. d. the appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs. e. the same actions of those taken by John Quincy Adams.

The two political parties of the Jacksonian era tended to a. promote sectionalism over nationalism. b. take radical and extreme positions on issues. c. take similar positions on issues such as banking. d. be socially and geographically diverse. e. be socially exclusive but geographically diverse.

The wild frontier towns where the three major cattle trails from Texas ended were a. Kansas City, Kansas; Pueblo, Colorado; and Laramie, Wyoming. b. Tulsa, Oklahoma; Santa Fe, New Mexico; and Denver, Colorado. c. Topeka, Kansas; Omaha, Nebraska; and Casper, Wyoming. d. Abilene, Kansas; Ogallala, Nebraska; and Cheyenne, Wyoming. e. Atchison, Kansas; Greeley, Colorado; and Bozeman, Montana.

To fill the army's demand for troops, the North relied mainly on A) the draft. B) bounty brokers. C) substitute brokers. D) volunteers. E) foreign mercenaries.

Which of the following provides the least valid support for the theory that the frontier served as a "safety valve" for American social discontent and economic conflict? a. Free western land attracted many immigrant farmers who might have crowded urban job markets. b. The possibility of westward migration encouraged eastern employers to pay higher wages. c. Farmers frequently migrated after earning a profit from the sale of land. d. Eastern city dwellers headed west to get free homesteads during depressions. e. Western cities became places of opportunity for failed farmers and easterners alike.

William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic party primarily because he a. had already gained the nomination of the Populist party. b. had the support of urban workers. c. possessed a brilliant political mind. d. eloquently supported the farmers' demand for the unlimited coinage of silver. e. was backed by the Democratic Party establishment.

84. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) clash at Lexington and Concord, (B) meeting of the First Continental Congress, (C) Quebec Act, (D) Boston Tea Party.

D, C, B, A

The subject of the Eighteenth Amendment was [A] the poll tax. [B] income tax. [C] woman suffrage. [D] prohibition. [E] direct election of senators.

D. Prohibition

The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades was a. uniquely American. b. fueled by an agricultural system suffering from poor production levels. c. attributable to the closing of the frontier. d. a trend that affected Europe as well. e. a result of natural reproduction.

D. a trend that affected Europe as well

In the decades after the Civil War, college education for women [A] blossomed especially in the South. [B] resulted in the passage of the Hatch Act. [C] became more difficult to obtain. [D] became much more common. [E] was confined to women's colleges.

D. became much more common.

Religious Modernists [A] tended to ignore evidence of social and economic injustice. [B] railed against the social philosophy of the social gospel movement. [C] denounced the Christian Scientists and Salvation Army as "ungodly." [D] found ways to reconcile Christianity and Darwinism. [E] sought to do away with the Bible.

D. found ways to reconcile Christianity and Darwinism.

As a leader of the African-American community, Booker T. Washington [A] promoted black political activism. [B] discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut. [C] advocated social equality. [D] grudgingly acquiesced to segregation. [E] helped to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

D. grudgingly acquiesced to segregation.

The American Protective Association [A] was led for many years by Florence Kelley and Jane Addams. [B] sought to organize mutual-aid associations. [C] established settlement houses in several major cities in order to aid New Immigrants. [D] supported immigration restrictions. [E] preached the social gospel that churches were obligated to protect New Immigrants.

D. supported immigration restrictions.

Order: A) restoration of Charles II to the English throne B) English Civil War C)Glorious Revolution D) Protestant Reformation

DBAC

13. In the 1890s, positions for women as secretaries, department store clerks, and telephone operators were largely reserved for a.Jews. b. Irish. c. African Americans. d. the college-educated. e. the native born.

15. The enormous mineral wealth taken from the mining frontier of the West a. solved the Indian problem. b. solved the currency problem. c. enabled the West to be free of federal interference. d. profited individual prospectors but not corporations. e. helped to finance the Civil War.

17.The new, research-oriented modem American university tended to a. focus primarily on theory rather than practical subjects. b. give a new emphasis to the importance of religion and cultural tradition. c. take the lead in movements of social and political reform. d. challenge Charles Darwin's theory of organic evolution and natural selection. e.de-emphasize religious and moral instruction in favor of practical subjects and professional specialization.

171. President Lincoln's decision on what to do about the situation at Fort Sumter in the first weeks of his administration can best be characterized as A) ill thought out. B) rash and hotheaded. C) the only possible option. D) a strategic blunder. E) a middle of the road solution.

174. In order to persuade the Border States to remain in the Union, President Lincoln A) relied solely on moral appeal. B) used only totally legal methods. C) guaranteed that they could keep slavery permanently. D) never had to use troops. E) used legally dubious methods.

178. In return for support from the Plains Indians during the Civil War, the Union A) gave them land in California. B) increased their federal payments. C) allowed them to send delegates to Congress. D) made them scouts for the U. S. Army. E) waged war on them and herded them onto reservations.

186. The North's greatest strength in the Civil War was its A) ethnic unity. B) military leadership. C) navy. D) high morale. E) economy.

189. To find effective high-level commanders, the Union A) took only top graduates of West Point. B) drew on its reserve officer training program. C) relied on the advice of foreign experts. D) did not let politics enter the decision-making process. E) used trial and error.

192. The South believed that the British would come to its aid because A) the people in Britain would demand such action. B) British Canada was strongly hostile to the Union. C) Britain still had slavery in its empire. D) the government had refused to allow Uncle Tom's Cabin to be sold in the empire. E) Britain was dependent on Southern cotton.

196. The Confederacy's most effective commerce-raider was the A) Monitor. B) Merrimack. C) Trent. D) Virginia. E) Alabama.

198. France abandoned its attempt to control Mexico A) because the effort proved to be unprofitable. B) when the British pressured them to leave. C) when the American Civil War began. D) because the Mexicans declared independence. E) when the United States threatened to force France to leave.

20. The Homestead Act assumed that public land should be administered in such a way as to a. raise government revenue. b. conserve natural resources. c. favor large-scale "bonanza" farms. d. guarantee shipments for the railroads. e. promote frontier settlement.

20.Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African Americans was a. the vote. b. rigorous academic training. c. the rejection of accommodationist attitudes. d. to directly challenge white supremacy. e. economic independence.

201. As leader of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis A) enjoyed real personal popularity despite the South's loss. B) was a poor administrator. C) developed a good relationship with his congress. D) effectively articulated southern ideals. E) defied rather than led public opinion.

205. The Union's establishment of the National Banking System A) led to the issuance of depreciated paper money. B) established the gold standard in the U.S. C) resulted in the reestablishment of the Bank of the United States. D) lasted only during the Civil War. E) was the first significant step toward a unified banking network since 1836.

207. As a result of the Civil War, the Northern economy A) became dependent on international trade. B) saw industrial profits improve but agricultural profits fall. C) saw unscrupulous business practices dramatically reduced. D) greatly benefited ordinary workers. E) emerged more prosperous than ever before.

23. In the long run, the group that probably did the most to shape the modern West was the a. trappers. b. miners. c. railroad men. d. cowboys. e. hydraulic engineers.

24.The Morrill Act of 1862 a. established women's colleges like Vassar. b.required compulsory school attendance through high school. c. established the modem American research university. d. mandated racial integration in public schools. e. granted public lands to states to support higher education.

3. All of the following were causes of the panic that broke in 1873 in the United States EXCEPT (A) a ripple effect from similar, simultaneous economic panics in Europe and the world. (B) the expansion of more factories, railroads, and mines than existing markets would bear. (C) bank failures resulting from imprudent financial loans made by bankers in support of questionable business ventures. (D) the loss of substantial financial investments by speculators in dubious and unsustainable business ventures. (E) Wall Street's fears about the power of the radical Greenback party.

3. One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was a. the development of factories. b. the Sears catalog. c. advertising billboards. d. public transportation systems. e. the rise of large department stores.

30.American newspapers expanded their circulation and public attention by a. printing hard-hitting editorials. b. crusading for social reform. c. repudiating the tactics of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. d. focusing on coverage of the local community and avoiding syndicated material. e. printing sensationalist stories of sex and scandal.

31. In the decades after the Civil War, most American farmers a. became attached to their family farms. b. diversified their crops. c. became increasingly self-sufficient. d. saw their numbers grow as more people moved west. e. grew a single cash crop.

32. The root cause of the American farmers' problem after 1880 was a. urban growth. b. foreign competition. c. the declining number of farms and farmers. d. the shortage of farm machinery. e. overproduction of agricultural goods.

33.General Lewis Wallace's book Ben Hur a. achieved success only after his death. b. was based on a popular early movie. c.emphasized that virtue, honesty, and hard work were rewarded by success. d. detailed Wallace's experiences in the Civil War. e. defended Christianity against Darwinism.

36.Which of the following prominent post-Civil War writers did not reflect the increased attention to social problems by those from less affluent backgrounds? a. Mark Twain. b. William Dean Howells. c. Stephen Crane. d. Kate Chopin. e. Henry Adams.

39. In several states, farmers helped to pass the "Granger Laws," which a. raised tariffs. b. lowered mortgage interest rates. c. allowed them to form producer and consumer cooperatives. d. prohibited bankruptcy auctions. e. regulated railroad rates.

4. What was a key result of the Republican hard money policies in the mid-1870s? (A) The rise of the American dollar against foreign currencies (B) Damage to the country's credit rating (C) The return to the silver "Dollar of Our Daddies" as the dominant form of U.S. money (D) The defeat of a Democratic House of Representatives in 1874 (E) A political turn to the Democrats and the new Greenback Labor party

40. The Farmers' Alliance was formed to a. provide help to northern farmers. b. provide opportunities for higher education. c. end the rise of tenant farming. d. help landless farmers gain property. e. take action to break the strangling grip of the railroads.

41. The National American Woman Suffrage Association a. achieved its central political goal in 1898. b. conducted an integrated campaign for equal rights. c. abandoned the goals of Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. d. elected Ida B. Wells as its president. e. limited its membership to whites.

43. The term Richardsonian in the late nineteenth century pertained to a.sculpture. b.novels. c. painting. d. music. e. architecture.

44. Which one of the following was not among influential Populist leaders? a. William "Coin" Harvey b. Ignatius Donnelley c. Mary Elizabeth Lease d. James B. Weaver e. Eugene V. Debs

45.Which of the following sports was not developed in the decades following the Civil War? a. basketball b. bicycling c. croquet d. college football e. baseball

46. The Populists a. were the only third party in the nineteenth century to win electoral votes. b. gained most of their electoral votes from the South. c. received substantial support from industrial workers. d. refused to look to the federal government for assistance. e. none of the above.

50. President Grover Cleveland justified federal intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that a. the union's leader, Eugene V. Debs, was a socialist. b. strikes against railroads were illegal. c. the strikers were engaging in violent attacks on railroad property. d. shutting down the railroads threatened American national security. e. the strike was preventing the transit of U.S. mail.

53. The Pullman strike created the first instance of a. management recognition of the right of workers to organize and strike. b. government use of federal troops to break a labor strike. c. violence during a labor strike. d. a united front between urban workers and agrarian Populists. e. government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike.

55. Which of the following was not among the qualifications that helped William McKinley earn the Republican presidential nomination in1896? a. He came from the key electoral swing state of Ohio. b. He had gained a national reputation by sponsoring the high McKinley Tariff Bill. c. He was a likable Civil War veteran. d. He was backed by the skilled political manager and fund raiser Mark Hanna. e. He was an energetic and charismatic campaigner.

56. Mark Hanna, the Ohio Republican president-maker, believed that the prime function of government was to a. defend against foreign enemies. b. maintain a laissez-faire policy. c. not "rock the boat" of prosperity. d. overturn the "trickle down" theory of economics. e. aid business.

6. Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape a. political oppression. b. famine. c. the political disintegration of their country. d. the military draft. e. the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy.

6. The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender a. because they were decimated by their constant intertribal warfare. b. when they realized that agriculture was more profitable than hunting. c. after such famous leaders as Geronimo and Sitting Bull were killed. d. when the army began using artillery against them. e. by the coming of the railroads and the virtual extermination of the buffalo.

60. In the election of 1896, the major issue became a. restoration of protective tariffs. b. enactment of an income tax. c. government programs for those unemployed as a result of the depression. d. the rights of farmers and industrial workers. e. free and unlimited coinage of silver.

63. The 1896 presidential election marked the last time that a. rural America would defeat urban America. b. the South remained solid for the Democratic party. c. a third party candidate had a serious chance at the White House. d. factory workers would favor inflation. e. a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes.

8. At the end of Reconstruction, southern whites disenfranchised African Americans using all of the following strategies EXCEPT (A) literacy requirements. (B) poll taxes. (C) economic intimidation. (D) lynching. (E) the use of federal troops to discourage African Americans from voting in elections.

8. The buffalo were nearly exterminated a. as a result of being over hunted by the Indians. b. when their grasslands were turned into wheat and corn fields. c. when their meat became valued in eastern markets. d. by disease. e. through wholesale butchery by whites.

9.In the new urban environment, most liberal Protestants a. believed that a final Judgment Day was coming soon. b. were driven out of mainstream seminaries and colleges. c. welcomed ecumenical conversations with Roman Catholics. d. sharply criticized American society and American government. e. rejected biblical literalism and adapted religious ideas to modem culture.

Andrew Jackson and his supporters disliked the Bank of the United States for all of the following reasons except it a. minted gold and silver coins but issued no paper money. b. controlled much of the nation's gold and silver. c. was a private institution. d. foreclosed on many western farms. e. put public service first, not profits.

By the 1840s voter participation in the presidential election reached a. nearly 50 percent. b. 25 percent. c. 40 percent. d. 15 percent. e. nearly 80 percent.

Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they a. were not well educated. b. did not possess the money necessary to establish a national political movement. c. were divided by the wealthier, more powerful manufacturers and railroad barons. d. were too busy trying to eke out a living. e. were by nature highly independent and individualistic.

In several states, farmers helped to pass the "Granger Laws," which a. raised tariffs. b. lowered mortgage interest rates. c. allowed them to form producer and consumer cooperatives. d. prohibited bankruptcy auctions. e. regulated railroad rates.

In the 1820s and 1830s one issue that greatly raised the political stakes was a. economic prosperity. b. the Peggy Eaton affair. c. a lessening of political party organizations. d. the demise of the Whig Party. e. slavery.

In the decades after the Civil War, most American farmers a. became attached to their family farms. b. diversified their crops. c. became increasingly self-sufficient. d. saw their numbers grow as more people moved west. e. grew a single cash crop.

In the election of 1896, the major issue became a. restoration of protective tariffs. b. enactment of an income tax. c. government programs for those unemployed as a result of the depression. d. the rights of farmers and industrial workers. e. free and unlimited coinage of silver.

In the long run, the group that probably did the most to shape the modern West was the a. trappers. b. miners. c. railroad men. d. cowboys. e. hydraulic engineers.

Mark Hanna, the Ohio Republican president-maker, believed that the prime function of government was to a. defend against foreign enemies. b. maintain a laissez-faire policy. c. not "rock the boat" of prosperity. d. overturn the "trickle down" theory of economics. e. aid business.

President Grover Cleveland justified federal intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that a. the union's leader, Eugene V. Debs, was a socialist. b. strikes against railroads were illegal. c. the strikers were engaging in violent attacks on railroad property. d. shutting down the railroads threatened American national security. e. the strike was preventing the transit of U.S. mail.

The 1896 presidential election marked the last time that a. rural America would defeat urban America. b. the South remained solid for the Democratic party. c. a third party candidate had a serious chance at the White House. d. factory workers would favor inflation. e. a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes.

The Farmers' Alliance was formed to a. provide help to northern farmers. b. provide opportunities for higher education. c. end the rise of tenant farming. d. help landless farmers gain property. e. take action to break the strangling grip of the railroads

The Force Bill of 1833 provided that a. the Congress could use the military for Indian removal. b. the Congress would employ the navy to stop smuggling. c. the President could use the army to collect excise taxes. d. the military could force citizens to track down runaway slaves. e. the President could use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties.

The Homestead Act assumed that public land should be administered in such a way as to a. raise government revenue. b. conserve natural resources. c. favor large-scale "bonanza" farms. d. guarantee shipments for the railroads. e. promote frontier settlement.

The Panic of 1837 was caused by all of the following except a. rampant speculation. b. the Bank War. c. financial problems abroad. d. failure of wheat crops. e. taking the country off the gold standard.

The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender a. because they were decimated by their constant intertribal warfare. b. when they realized that agriculture was more profitable than hunting. c. after such famous leaders as Geronimo and Sitting Bull were killed. d. when the army began using artillery against them. e. by the coming of the railroads and the virtual extermination of the buffalo.

The Populists a. were the only third party in the nineteenth century to win electoral votes. b. gained most of their electoral votes from the South. c. received substantial support from industrial workers. d. refused to look to the federal government for assistance. e. none of the above.

The Pullman strike created the first instance of a. management recognition of the right of workers to organize and strike. b. government use of federal troops to break a labor strike. c. violence during a labor strike. d. a united front between urban workers and agrarian Populists. e. government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike.

The buffalo were nearly exterminated a. as a result of being over hunted by the Indians. b. when their grasslands were turned into wheat and corn fields. c. when their meat became valued in eastern markets. d. by disease. e. through wholesale butchery by whites.

The enormous mineral wealth taken from the mining frontier of the West a. solved the Indian problem. b. solved the currency problem. c. enabled the West to be free of federal interference. d. profited individual prospectors but not corporations. e. helped to finance the Civil War.

The new two party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s a. divided the nation further. b. was seen at the time as a weakening of democracy. c. resulted in the Civil War. d. fulfilled the wishes of the founding fathers. e. became an important part of the nation's checks and balances.

The person most responsible for defusing the tariff controversy that began in 1828 was a. Andrew Jackson. b. John C. Calhoun. c. John Quincy Adams. d. Daniel Webster. e. Henry Clay.

The root cause of the American farmers' problem after 1880 was a. urban growth. b. foreign competition. c. the declining number of farms and farmers. d. the shortage of farm machinery. e. overproduction of agricultural goods.

To assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following except a. dissolve many tribes as legal entities. b. try to make rugged individualists of the Indians. c. wipe out tribal ownership of land. d. promise Indians U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years. e. outlaw the sacred Sun Dance.

Which of the following was not among the qualifications that helped William McKinley earn the Republican presidential nomination in1896? a. He came from the key electoral swing state of Ohio. b. He had gained a national reputation by sponsoring the high McKinley Tariff Bill. c. He was a likable Civil War veteran. d. He was backed by the skilled political manager and fund raiser Mark Hanna. e. He was an energetic and charismatic campaigner.

Which one of the following was not among influential Populist leaders? a. William "Coin" Harvey b. Ignatius Donnelley c. Mary Elizabeth Lease d. James B. Weaver e. Eugene V. Debs

During industrialization, Americans increasingly [A] became less optimistic. [B] fragmented into diverse consumer markets. [C] had less free time. [D] became more inefficient. [E] fell into the ways of lockstep living.

E. fell into the ways of lockstep living.

In the 1890s, positions for women as secretaries, department store clerks, and telephone operators were largely reserved for [A] Irish. [B] African-Americans. [C] the college-educated. [D] Jews. [E] the native born.

E. the native born.

Americans offered growing support for a free public education system [A] to combat the growing strength of Catholic parochial schools. [B] when the Chautauqua movement began to decline. [C] when private schools began to fold. [D] as a way of identifying an intellectual elite. [E] because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens.

E.because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens.

Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas and Georgia wet similar in that they were all - founded as refuges for persecuted religious sects in England - able to live in peace with the native Americans - Economically devoted to exporting commercial agricultural products , often a staple crop - proprietary colonies - founded after the restoration of Charles II to the throne

Economically devoted to exporting commercial agricultural products , often a staple crop

first came in the form of action by the Supreme Court.

Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations

Put in Order (1) The last slaves to be legally imported from Africa enter the U.S. (2) A radical abolitionist editor is murdered, and so becomes a martyr to the antislavery cause. (3) A radical abolitionist newspaper and a slave rebellion spread fear through the South. (4) A new invention increases the efficiency of cotton production, laying the basis for the vast Cotton Kingdom. (5) A group of seminary students expelled for their abolitionist views spread the antislavery gospel far and wide.

3,5,2,1,4

12. Grover Cleveland argued for a lower tariff for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (A) the failure of high tariffs to raise revenues. (B) lower prices for consumers. (C) less protection for monopolies. (D) the end of the Treasury surplus. (E) the need for smaller government.

12. The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the a. Battle of Wounded Knee. b. Sand Creek massacre. c. Battle of Little Big Horn. d. Dawes Severalty Act. e. Carlisle Indian School.

12.The place that offered the greatest opportunities for American women in the period 1865-1900 was a. the big city. b. the West. c. suburban communities. d. rural America. e. New England.

14. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Dawes Severalty Act is passed; (B) Oklahoma land rush takes place; (C) Indians are granted full citizenship; (D) Congress restores the tribal basis of Indian life. a. A, B, C, D b. B, A, C, D c. A, D, B, C d. D, C, A, B e. C, B, D, A

14.Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except a. opposed to factory labor. b. used as strikebreakers. c. willing to work for lower wages. d. difficult to unionize. e. non-English speaking.

15. The Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson solidified African Americans' inferior position by (A) establishing the principle of "separate but equal." (B) allowing the Ku Klux Klan to operate in the South. (C) refusing to pass antilynching laws. (D) favoring landowners over sharecroppers. (E) finding the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional.

16.The religious denomination that responded most favorably to the New Immigration was a. Roman Catholics. b. Baptists. c. Episcopalians. d. Christian Scientists. e. Mormons.

177. During the Civil War, most of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory of present-day Oklahoma A) supported the Confederacy. B) supported the Union. C) remained neutral. D) gave up their slaves. E) sought admission as a Confederate state.

18.The "pragmatists" were a school of American philosophers who emphasized a. the provisional and fallible nature of knowledge and value of ideas that solved problems. b. that ideas were largely worthless and only practical experience should be pursued. c. that the traditional Greek ideals of Plato and Aristotle should be revived. d. that scientific experimentation provided a new and absolutely certain basis for knowledge. e. most academic knowledge was based on "bourgeois" ideas that oppressed the working class.

188. Northern soldiers eventually became known for their A) discipline and determination. B) cowardice in battle. C) lack of proper training. D) high-pitched battle yell. E) love of military pomp and hierarchy.

191. One reason that the British did not try to break the Union blockade of the South during the Civil War was that A) they feared losing Northern grain shipments. B) they did not want to fight against the superior American navy. C) the British upper class had supported the North from the onset of hostilities. D) the war caused no economic problems for Britain. E) the South resented British interference.

199. During the Civil War, A) relations between the Union and Canada were at times very poor. B) Southerners were unable to use Canada as a base from which to attack the Union. C) the Union and Canada became very close allies. D) France made an effort to regain control of Canada. E) the British army in Canada mobilized for intervention.

200. The Southern cause was weakened by A) the concept of states' rights that the Confederacy professed. B) a president, Jefferson Davis, who catered to public opinion and did not work hard at his job. C) the failure of the Southern people to commit to the ideal of Southern independence. D) a lack of sound military leadership. E) the constant threat of slave rebellion.

202. The problems that Abraham Lincoln experienced as president were less prostrating than those experienced by Jefferson Davis partly because the North A) had a long-established and fully recognized government. B) had strong political support from Britain and France. C) held firm to states' rights principles. D) was united in the cause of abolitionism. E) had fewer internal political divisions.

203. As president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis did not exercise the arbitrary power wielded by Abraham Lincoln because A) of the South's emphasis on states' rights. B) there was such strong agreement on policy in the South. C) he did not believe in strong executive action. D) Lee's insistence on keeping his army out of politics. E) the Confederate Constitution gave him all the power he needed.

206. During the Civil War, the Union A) launched a new national banking system. B) lowered tariff rates. C) imposed a 10 percent levy on farm produce. D) experienced runaway inflation. E) was plagued by unstable banks.

21. The post-civil War era witnessed a. an increase in compulsory school-attendance laws. b. the collapse of the Chautauqua movement. c. rejection of the German system of kindergartens. d. a slow rise in the illiteracy rate. e. an emphasis on liberal arts colleges.

25. Among the following, the least likely to migrate to the cattle and farming frontier were a. eastern city dwellers. b. eastern farmers. c. recent immigrants. d. blacks. e. Midwestern farmers.

25.Black leader Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois a. demanded complete equality for African Americans. b. established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama. c. supported the goals of Booker T. Washington. d. was an ex-slave who rose to fame. e. none of the above.

27.Which of the following was not among the major new research universities founded in the post-Civil War era? a. Harvard University b. the University of California c. Johns Hopkins University d. the University of Chicago e. Stanford University

3. The Indians battled whites for all the following reasons except to a. rescue their families who had been exiled to Oklahoma. b. avenge savage massacres of Indians by whites. c. punish whites for breaking treaties. d. defend their lands against white invaders. e. preserve their nomadic way of life against forced settlement.

30. The real "safety valve" in the late nineteenth century was a. the western cities. b. the Western frontier. c. Canada. d. Hawaii. e. Texas.

32.Henry George argued that the windfall real estate profits caused by rising land prices should be a. taxed at a 100 percent rate by the government. b. used to provide low-rent housing for the poor. c. saved and invested for the benefit of the community. d. looked on as the inevitable consequence of "the survival of the fittest." e.prevented through communal land ownership.

33. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the volume of agricultural goods____________, and the price received for these goods ____________ a. increased; decreased. b. decreased; increased. c. increased; also increased. d. decreased; also decreased. e. increased; stayed the same.

36. Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they a. were not well educated. b. did not possess the money necessary to establish a national political movement. c. were divided by the wealthier, more powerful manufacturers and railroad barons. d. were too busy trying to eke out a living. e. were by nature highly independent and individualistic.

37. The first major farmers' organization was the a. Patrons of Husbandry. b. Populists. c. Greenback Labor party. d. Farmers' Alliance. e. American Farm Bureau.

43. The Populist Party's presidential candidate in 1892 was a. James B. Weaver. b. William Jennings Bryan. c. Mary Elizabeth Lease. d. Adlai Stevenson. e. William "Coin" Harvey.

52. Labor unions, Populists, and debtors saw in the brutal Pullman episode a. proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people. b. a strategy by which united working-class action could succeed. c. the need for a socialist party in the United States. d. the potential of the federal government as a counterweight to big business. e. the crucial role of middle class public opinion in labor conflicts.

54. The Depression of the 1890s and episodes like the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up as a. a battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives. b. a conflict between the insurgent Populists and the two established political parties. c. a sectional conflict with the West aligned against the Northeast and South. d. a contest over the power of the federal government to manage a modem industrial economy like the United States. e. a clash of cultures between ordinary middle-class Americans and European-oriented radicals and reformers.

58. All of the following characteristics describe William Jennings Bryan in I896 except a. he had a brilliant mind. b. he was very youthful. c. he was an energetic and charismatic campaigner. d. he was an excellent orator. e. he radiated honesty and sincerity.

6. All of the following were among the groups that formed the solid political base of the Republican party in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT (A) northern big cities. (B) Union Civil War veterans of the Grand Army of the Republic. (C) southern black freedmen. (D) the Midwest. (E) the rural and small-town Midwest.

64. The 1896 victory of William McKinley ushered in a long period of Republican dominance that was accompanied by a. diminishing voter participation in elections. b. strengthening of party organizations. c. greater concern over civil-service reform. d. less concern for industrial regulation. e. sharpened conflict between business and labor.

65. As president, William McKinley can best be described as a. cautious and conservative. b. a man of little ability. c. an active reformer. d. a person willing to go against the opinion of the majority. e. a skillful negotiator.

9. Which of the following was NOT a cause of labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s? (A) Agitation by communist sympathizers (B) Reductions in wages by railroad owners and other industrial employers (C) Competition of cheap labor from recently arrived immigrants from China (D) Conflict between ethnic groups for unskilled jobs (E) Years of depression and deflation that undermined workers' living standards

All of the following characteristics describe William Jennings Bryan in 1896 except a. he had a brilliant mind. b. he was very youthful. c. he was an energetic and charismatic campaigner. d. he was an excellent orator. e. he radiated honesty and sincerity.

Among the following, the least likely to migrate to the cattle and farming frontier were a. eastern city dwellers. b. eastern farmers. c. recent immigrants. d. blacks. e. Midwestern farmers.

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Dawes Severalty Act is passed; (B) Oklahoma land rush takes place; (C) Indians are granted full citizenship; (D) Congress restores the tribal basis of Indian life. a. A, B, C, D b. B, A, C, D c. A, D, B, C d. D, C, A, B e. C, B, D, A

As president, William McKinley can best be described as a. cautious and conservative. b. a man of little ability. c. an active reformer. d. a person willing to go against the opinion of the majority. e. a skillful negotiator.

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the volume of agricultural goods____________, and the price received for these goods ____________ a. increased; decreased. b. decreased; increased. c. increased; also increased. d. decreased; also decreased. e. increased; stayed the same.

Labor unions, Populists, and debtors saw in the brutal Pullman episode a. proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people. b. a strategy by which united working-class action could succeed. c. the need for a socialist party in the United States. d. the potential of the federal government as a counterweight to big business. e. the crucial role of middle class public opinion in labor conflicts.

Spanish authorities allowed Moses Austin to settle in Texas because a. they believed that Austin and his settlers might be able to civilize the territory. b. they believed that the militarily powerful Austin would otherwise have taken the land by force. c. Spanish control of the territory was a subject of dispute between Spain and the United States. d. Spain planned to sell the land to the United States. e. he paid them a sizeable sum of money.

Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following except a. opponents of public education. b. backers of southern states' rights. c. large northern industrialists. d. many evangelical Protestants. e. backers of the American System.

The "cement" that held the Whig party together in its formative days was a. hatred of Andrew Jackson. b. support of the American System. c. opposition to the Anti-Masonic party. d. the desire for a strong president. e. opposition to the tariff.

The 1896 victory of William McKinley ushered in a long period of Republican dominance that was accompanied by a. diminishing voter participation in elections. b. strengthening of party organizations. c. greater concern over civil-service reform. d. less concern for industrial regulation. e. sharpened conflict between business and labor.

The Depression of the 1890s and episodes like the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up as a. a battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives. b. a conflict between the insurgent Populists and the two established political parties. c. a sectional conflict with the West aligned against the Northeast and South. d. a contest over the power of the federal government to manage a modem industrial economy like the United States.

The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when a. no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College. b. William Crawford suffered a stroke and was forced to drop out of the race. c. the House was forced to do so by "King Caucus." d. Henry Clay, as Speaker of the House, made the request. e. widespread voter fraud was discovered.

The Indians battled whites for all the following reasons except to a. rescue their families who had been exiled to Oklahoma. b. avenge savage massacres of Indians by whites. c. punish whites for breaking treaties. d. defend their lands against white invaders. e. preserve their nomadic way of life against forced settlement.

The Populist Party's presidential candidate in 1892 was a. James B. Weaver. b. William Jennings Bryan. c. Mary Elizabeth Lease. d. Adlai Stevenson. e. William "Coin" Harvey.

The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the a. Battle of Wounded Knee. b. Sand Creek massacre. c. Battle of Little Big Horn. d. Dawes Severalty Act. e. Carlisle Indian School.

The area of the country in which the federal government has done the most to aid economic and social development is a. the West. b. the Midwest. c. the South. d. the Northeast. e. Appalachia.

The first major farmers' organization was the a. Patrons of Husbandry. b. Populists. c. Greenback Labor party. d. Farmers' Alliance. e. American Farm Bureau.

The nineteenth century humanitarians who advocated "kind" treatment of the Indians a. had no more respect for traditional Indian culture than those who sought to exterminate them. b. advocated allowing the Ghost Dance to continue. c. opposed passage of the Dawes Act. d. understood the value of the Indians' religious and cultural practices. e. advocated improving the reservation system.

The real "safety valve" in the late nineteenth century was a. the western cities. b. the Western frontier. c. Canada. d. Hawaii. e. Texas.

The strong regional support for the Tariff of 1833 came from a. the South. b. New England. c. the middle Atlantic states. d. the West. e. the frontier.

While in existence, the second Bank of the United States a. was the depository of the funds of the national government. b. irresponsibly inflated the national currency by issuing federal bank notes. c. limited economic growth by extending public credit. d. forced an ever-increasing number of bank failures. e. did little to help the economy.

26. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity; (B) General Edward Braddock is defeated near Fort Duquesne; (C) British troops capture Louisbourg in their first significant victory of the French and Indian War; (D) General James Wolfe's army defeats Montcalm's on the Plains of Abraham.

A, B, C, D

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity; (B) General Edward Braddock is defeated near Fort Duquesne; (C) British troops capture Louisbourg in their first significant victory of the French and Indian War; (D) General james Wolfe's army defeats Montcalm's on the Plains of Abraham

A, B, C, D

72. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Sugar Act, (B) Declaratory Act, (C) Stamp Act, (D) repeal of the Stamp Act.

A, C, D, B

Arrange the following in chronological order: (a) Battle of bull run (b) Battle of Gettysburg (c) lee's surrender at Appomattox (d) Battle of Antietam

A, D, B, C

Match each denomination on the left with it's region where it predominated A: Congregationalist B: Anglican: C: Presbyterian 1. The frontier 2. New England 3. The South

A-2 B-3 C-1

Match each abolitionist below with his publication A. William Lloyd Garrison 1.Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World B. Theodore Dwight Weld 2. The Liberator C. Frederick Douglass 3.Narration of the Life of D. David Walker 4. American Slavery as it is

A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

Match each entrepreneur below with the focus of business combination with which he is historicically identified. A. Andrew Carnegie B. John D. Rockefeller C. J. Pierpoint Morgan 1. interlocking directorate 2. trust 3. vertical integration

A-3 B-2 C-1

Match each individual on the left with his or her talent A: Jonathan Edwards B: Benjamin Franklin C: Phillis Wheatley 1. Poet 2. Scientist 3: Theologian 4. Portrait Artist

A-3 B-2 C-1

Match each abolitionist below with his role in the movement. A. Wendell Phillips 1. abolitionist martyr B. Frederick Douglass 2. black abolitionist C. Elijah P. Lovejoy 3. abolitionist golden trumpet D. William Lloyd Garrison 4. abolitionist newspaper publisher

A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4

During the industrial revolution, life expectancy [A] measurably increased. [B] changed very little. [C] decreased. [D] rose for women more than men. [E] was much higher in Europe than in the United States.

A. measurably increased.

The philosophy of pragmatism maintains that __________ is/are important. [A] the practical consequences of an idea [B] the logically correct formulation of a theory [C] forgoing materialism in favor of high ideals [D] knowledge is innate in the human mind [E] how you think, not what you do

A. the practical consequences of an idea

67. Match each act below with the correct description. ___ A. Sugar Act 1. first British law intended to raise ___ B. Stamp Act revenues in the colonies ___ C. Declaratory Act 2. asserted Parliament's absolute power over the colonies 3. required colonists to lodge British troops in their homes 4. generated the most protest in the colonies.

A1, B4, C2

145. Match each British general below with the battle in which he was involved. ___ A. William Howe 1. Saratoga ___ B. John Burgoyne 2. Yorktown ___ C. Charles Cornwallis 3. Long Island ___ D. Nathanael Greene

A3, B1, C2

159. Match each individual below with the correct descriptive phrase.___ A. George Rogers Clark 1. commanded the Patriot invasion of ___ B. Nathanael Greene Canada ___ C. John Paul Jones 2. commanded Patriot troops in the South 3. commanded Patriot troops in the West 4. commanded Patriot naval forces

A3, B2, C4

81. Match each individual on the left with the correct description. ___ A. Samuel Adams 1. a casualty of the Boston Massacre ___ B. John Adams 2. a foreign volunteer who drilled ___ C. Crispus Attucks American troops during the War of Independence 3. a pamphleteer who first organized committees to exchange ideas and information on resisting British policy 4. a Massachusetts politician who opposed the moderates' solution to the imperial crisis at the First Continental Congress

A3, B4, C1

Arrange the following in chronological order: the founding of (A) American Colonization Society, (B) American Anti-Slavery Society, and (C) Liberty Party

ABC American Colonization Society American Slavery Society Liberty Party

All of the following factors contributed to the ultimate surrender of the Plains Indians by the 1880s EXCEPT the: a. coming of the railroads. b. successive waves of army troops, farmers, cattlemen, sheepherders, and settlers competing for and seizing Plains Indian lands, food and other staples, and natural resources. c. virtual extermination of the buffalo. d. medical ravaging of the Indian population by white people's diseases. e. failure of Plains Indians to display courage, cunning, and cruelty in warfare.

a large pool of unskilled labor, an abundance of natural resources, American ingenuity and inventiveness, and a political climate favoring business.

All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion:

By 1750, all the southern plantation colonies - provided tax support for the Church of England - practiced slavery - had few large cities - based their economies on the production of staple crops for export - All of these

All of these

the group that was instrumental in saving the soil of Oregon for the U.S. was:

American missionaries to the Indians

The group that was instrumental in saving the soil of Oregon for the United States was

American missonaries to the Indians

As a solution to the panic or depression of 1873, debtors suggested a. a policy of deflation. b. a passage of the Resumption Act of 1875. c. stronger federal control of banking. d. restoring the government's credit rating. e. inflationary policies.

1. In post-Civil War America, Indians surrendered their lands only when they a. chose to migrate farther west. b. received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies on the remaining land. c. lost their mobility as the whites killed their horses. d. were allowed to control the supply of food and other staples to the reservations. e. traded land for rifles and blankets

10.The Darwinian theory of organic evolution through natural selection affected American religion by a. turning most scientists against religion. b. creating a split between religious conservatives who denied evolution and "accomodationists" who supported it. c. raising awareness of the close spiritual kinship between animals and human beings. d. causing a revival of the doctrine of original sin. e. sparking the rise of new denominations based on modem science.

16. The mining frontier played a vital role in a. bringing law and order to the West. b. attracting the first substantial white population to the West. c. enabling the government to go off the gold standard. d. ensuring that the mining industry would remain in the hands of independent, small operations. e. forcing the Indians off the Great Plains.

170. European powers favored a civil war in the United States because A) they could regain control of a divided America. B) war would weaken the United States' power in the Western Hemisphere. C) war could end the concept of balance of power in the Americas. D) such a conflict would halt the flow of blacks to Canada. E) two North American nations would have weaker economies than one.

172. Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned that A) Lincoln had ordered the fort reinforced with federal troops. B) Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort. C) the fort's commander was planning to evacuate his troops secretly from the fort. D) Lincoln had called for seventy-five thousand militia troops to form a voluntary Union army. E) southern support for secession was weakening.

173. Many Northerners were willing to allow Southern states to leave the Union until A) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry. B) the South attacked Fort Sumter. C) Robert E. Lee was named to head the potential new nation's army. D) South Carolina seceded from the United States. E) Virginia and Tennessee joined the seceding states.

176. Lincoln's declaration that the North sought to preserve the Union with or without slavery A) came as a disappointment to most Northerners and demoralized the Union. B) revealed the influence of the Border States on his policies. C) caused some seceded states to rejoin the Union. D) contradicted the campaign promises of the Republican party. E) cost him support in the "Butternut region" of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.

180. As the Civil War began, the South seemed to have the advantage of A) greater ability to wage offensive warfare. B) more talented military leaders. C) superior industrial capabilities. D) superior transportation facilities. E) a more united public opinion.

181. All of the following were similar characteristics that both Union and Confederate soldiers shared except: A) most soldiers had been farmers or farm laborers. B) poor unskilled workers were well represented among both armies. C) most troops were native born. D) almost half were under the age of 22. E) both shared a common commitment to patriotism.

184. Of all the hardships faced by the soldiers during the Civil War, the greatest was A) starvation. B) disease. C) decline of moral standards. D) lack of proper clothing. E) constant fighting.

19. One problem with the Homestead Act was that a. the government continued to try to maximize its revenue from public lands. b. 160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain scarce Great Plains. c. Midwestern farmers had to give up raising livestock because of stiff competition with the West. d. the railroads purchased most of this land. e. it took several years to earn a profit from farming.

190. A supposed asset for the South at the beginning of the Civil War that never materialized to its real advantage was A) effective military leadership. B) intervention from Britain and France. C) the fighting skill of Southern males. D) its ability to fight on its own soil. E) its belief that it was defending its way of life.

195. Confederate commerce-raiders such as the Alabama A) were of little value. B) proved effective against Union shipping. C) were supplied by the French. D) lasted less than a year. E) operated mostly off the Atlantic coast.

2. The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was a. the development of the skyscraper. b. the availability of industrial jobs. c. the compact nature of those large communities. d. the advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements. e. the lure of cultural excitement.

21. The Homestead Act a. sold more land to bona fide farmers than to land promoters. b. was a drastic departure from previous government public land policy designed to raise revenue. c. was responsible for the sale of more land than any other agency. d. managed to end the fraud that was common with other government land programs. e. was criticized as a federal government giveaway.

29.The public library movement across America was greatly aided by the generous financial support from a. the federal government's Morrill Act. b. Andrew Carnegie. c. John D. Rockefeller. d. local "friends of the library." e. women's organizations.

35. With agricultural production rising dramatically in the post-Civil War years, a. more farmers could purchase land. b. tenant farming spread rapidly throughout the Midwest and South. c. bankruptcies declined. d. western farmers prospered, while southern farmers had grave troubles selling their cotton. e. the government began encouraging the development of "soil banks."

4. Match each Indian chief below with his tribe. A. Chief Joseph 1. Apache B. Sitting Bull 2. Cheyenne C. Geronimo 3. Nez Perce 4. Sioux a. A-1, B-2, C-3 b. A-3, B-4, C-1 c. A-2, B-4, C-3 d. A-4, B-3, C-2 e. A-1, B-3, C-4

40.One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the a. decline in farm income. b. stresses of urban life. c. emerging feminist movement. d. passage of more liberal divorce laws. e. decline of religious organizations.

41. The Farmers' Alliance was especially weakened by a. political ineptitude. b. the exclusion of black farmers. c. corrupt leadership. d. the failure to target landowners. e. regional concentration in the South.

42. The Populist Party arose as the direct successor to a. the Greenback Labor Party. b. the Farmers' Alliance. c. the Silver Miners' Coalition. d. the Liberal Republican Party. e. the Grange.

49. Which one of the following was least sympathetic to workers and farmers hard-pressed by the Depression of 1893? a. John P. Altgeld b. Richard Olney c. Eugene V. Debs d. Jacob Coxey e. William Jennings Bryan

5. As a result of the complete defeat of Captain William Fetterman's command in 1866 a. the government sent extensive military reinforcements to the Dakotas and Montana. b. the government abandoned the Bozeman Trail and guaranteed the Sioux their lands. c. the government adopted a policy of "civilizing" the Indians rather than trying to conquer them. d. white settlers agreed to halt their expansion beyond the 100th meridian. e. the conflict between the U.S. army and the Sioux came to a peaceful end.

5. Which development was a critical reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age? (A) The radical ideological differences between the Democratic and Republican parties (B) Sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the Democratic and Republican parties (C) Religious conflict between Catholics and mainline Protestants (D) Political differences over the policy issue of civil service (E) Sectional tensions among the Northeast, Midwest, and South

61. One key to the Republican victory in the 1896 presidential election was the a. support of farmers. b. huge amount of money raised by Mark Hanna. c. use of the tariff issue. d. wide travel and numerous speeches made by William McKinley. e. ability of Republicans to disrupt the solid South.

7. The Nez Perce Indians of Idaho were goaded into war when a. the Sioux sought their land. b. gold was discovered on their reservation. c. the federal government attempted to put them on a reservation. d. the Canadian government attempted to force their return to the United States. e. their alliance with the Shoshones required it.

7. What political development resulted from the Compromise of 1877? (A) A renewal of Republican commitment to protect black civil rights in the South (B) The withdrawal of federal troops and abandonment of black rights in the South (C) The election of a Democrat to the presidency (D) Republican support for an inflationary silver-money policy (E) A plan to build the first transcontinental railroad

8.Most New Immigrants a. eventually returned to their county of origin. b. tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America. c. were subjected to stringent immigration restrictions. d. quickly assimilated into the mainstream of American life. e. converted to mainstream Protestantism.

9. A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by a. Harriet Beecher Stowe. b. Helen Hunt Jackson. c. Chief Joseph. d. Joseph F. Glidden. e. William F. Cody.

A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by a. Harriet Beecher Stowe. b. Helen Hunt Jackson. c. Chief Joseph. d. Joseph F. Glidden. e. William F. Cody.

Americans moved into Texas a. when invited by the Spanish government. b. after an agreement was concluded between Mexican authorities and Stephen Austin. c. on Sam Houston' s defeat of General Santa Anna. d. to spread Protestantism. e. after the Battle of San Jacinto.

Andrew Jackson's inauguration as president symbolized the a. return of Jeffersonian simplicity. b. newly won ascendancy of the masses. c. supremacy of states' rights over federal power. d. involvement of state governments in the economy. e. act of style over substance.

Andrew Jackson's veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States was a. the first presidential veto. b. a major expansion of presidential power. c. unconstitutional. d. overturned by a two-thirds vote in Congress. e. supported by the Anti-Mason party.

As a result of the complete defeat of Captain William Fetterman's command in 1866 a. the government sent extensive military reinforcements to the Dakotas and Montana. b. the government abandoned the Bozeman Trail and guaranteed the Sioux their lands. c. the government adopted a policy of "civilizing" the Indians rather than trying to conquer them. d. white settlers agreed to halt their expansion beyond the 100th meridian. e. the conflict between the U.S. army and the Sioux came to a peaceful end.

In post-Civil War America, Indians surrendered their lands only when they a. chose to migrate farther west. b. received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies on the remaining land. c. lost their mobility as the whites killed their horses. d. were allowed to control the supply of food and other staples to the reservations. e. traded land for rifles and blankets.

In response to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1828, Andrew Jackson a. hanged several of the nullifiers. b. dispatched military forces to South Carolina. c. asked Henry Clay for help. d. said nothing about nullification. e. sought help from the Supreme Court.

In their treatment of Native Americans, white Americans did all of the following except a. recognize the tribes as separate nations. b. argue that Indians could not be assimilated into the larger society. c. try to civilize them. d. trick them into ceding land to whites. e. promise to acquire land only through formal treaties.

Innovations in the election of 1832 included a. direct election of the president. b. adoption of written party platforms. c. election of the president by the House of Representatives. d. presidential nominations of "favorite sons" by state legislatures. e. abandonment of party conventions.

Life on the frontier was a. fairly comfortable for women but not for men. b. downright grim for most pioneer families. c. free of disease and premature death. d. rarely portrayed in popular literature. e. based on tight-knit communities.

Match each Indian chief below with his tribe. A. Chief Joseph 1. Apache B. Sitting Bull 2. Cheyenne C. Geronimo 3. Nez Perce 4. Sioux a. A-1, B-2, C-3 b. A-3, B-4, C-1 c. A-2, B-4, C-3 d. A-4, B-3, C-2 e. A-1, B-3, C-4

Most of the early American settlers in Texas came from a. New England. b. the South and Southwest. c. the Old Northwest. d. the middle Atlantic states. e. the Ohio Territory.

One key to the Republican victory in the 1896 presidential election was the a. support of farmers. b. huge amount of money raised by Mark Hanna. c. use of the tariff issue. d. wide travel and numerous speeches made by William McKinley. e. ability of Republicans to disrupt the solid South.

One problem with the Homestead Act was that a. the government continued to try to maximize its revenue from public lands. b. 160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain scarce Great Plains. c. Midwestern farmers had to give up raising livestock because of stiff competition with the West. d. the railroads purchased most of this land. e. it took several years to earn a profit from farming.

Presidents Jackson and Van Buren hesitated to extend recognition to and to annex the new Texas Republic because a. Texans did not want to be annexed to the United States. b. antislavery groups in the United States opposed the expansion of slavery. c. they were old political opponents of the Texas president, Sam Houston. d. public opinion in the United States opposed annexation. e. they feared war with Mexico' s ally, Spain.

Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because a. it would hurt their manufacturing sector. b. this same power could be used to suppress slavery. c. it might hurt Andrew Jackson's political career. d. they were convinced that it would destroy the American woolen industry. e. it could damage the chances of the American System' s success.

The Anti-Masonic party of 1832 appealed to a. the supporters of Andrew Jackson. b. American suspicions of secret societies. c. those who wished to keep the government from meddling in social and economic life. d. people opposed to the growing political power of evangelical Protestants. e. supporters of the American System.

The Farmers' Alliance was especially weakened by a. political ineptitude. b. the exclusion of black farmers. c. corrupt leadership. d. the failure to target landowners. e. regional concentration in the South.

The Homestead Act a. sold more land to bona fide farmers than to land promoters. b. was a drastic departure from previous government public land policy designed to raise revenue. c. was responsible for the sale of more land than any other agency. d. managed to end the fraud that was common with other government land programs. e. was criticized as a federal government giveaway.

The Nez Perce Indians of Idaho were goaded into war when a. the Sioux sought their land. b. gold was discovered on their reservation. c. the federal government attempted to put them on a reservation. d. the Canadian government attempted to force their return to the United States. e. their alliance with the Shoshones required it.

The Populist Party arose as the direct successor to a. the Greenback Labor Party. b. the Farmers' Alliance. c. the Silver Miners' Coalition. d. the Liberal Republican Party. e. the Grange.

The Whigs offered all of the following proposals for the remedies of the economic ills facing America in 1837 except a. expansion of bank credit. b. proposal of the "Divorce Bill." c. proposal of higher tariffs. d. proposal of subsidies for internal improvements. e. more active involvement on the part of the government.

The mining frontier played a vital role in a. bringing law and order to the West. b. attracting the first substantial white population to the West. c. enabling the government to go off the gold standard. d. ensuring that the mining industry would remain in the hands of independent, small operations. e. forcing the Indians off the Great Plains.

The presidential election of 1824 a. was the first to use the electoral college. b. was the first one to see the election of a minority president. c. saw a record high voter turn-out show up at the polls. d. saw the formulation of well-organized political parties. e. was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court.

Which one of the following was least sympathetic to workers and farmers hard-pressed by the Depression of 1893? a. John P. Altgeld b. Richard Olney c. Eugene V. Debs d. Jacob Coxey e. William Jennings Bryan

With agricultural production rising dramatically in the post-Civil War years, a. more farmers could purchase land. b. tenant farming spread rapidly throughout the Midwest and South. c. bankruptcies declined. d. western farmers prospered, while southern farmers had grave troubles selling their cotton. e. the government began encouraging the development of "soil banks."

80. Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Boston Massacre, (B) Townshend Acts, (C) Tea Act, (D) Intolerable Acts.

B, A , C, D

17. The War of Jenkins's Ear resulted in

British troops being involved in every territory in North America

13. How did the Billion-Dollar Congress quickly dispose of rising government surpluses? (A) It provided subsidies to wheat, corn, and cotton farmers. (B) It built an expensive new steel navy. (C) It expanded pensions for Civil War veterans. (D) It cut tariffs and other taxes. (E) It increased spending on railroads and other transportation projects.

15.The American Protective Association a. preached the social gospel that churches were obligated to protect New Immigrants. b. was led for many years by Florence Kelley and Jane Addams. c. supported immigration restrictions. d. established settlement houses in several major cities in order to aid New Immigrants. e. sought to organize mutual-aid associations.

179. To achieve its independence, the Confederacy had to A) invade the Union. B) win a decisive military victory on its own soil. C) fight the invading Union army to a draw. D) attract more talented military commanders. E) capture Washington, D.C.

187. Much of the hunger experienced by Confederate soldiers in the Civil War was due to A) poor agricultural production. B) the Union's naval blockade. C) the South's rickety transportation system. D) the fact that slaves abandoned the plantations. E) profiteering by military suppliers.

19. Americans offered growing support for a free public education system a. to combat the growing strength of Catholic parochial schools. b. when the Chautauqua movement began to decline. c. because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens. d. when private schools began to fold. e.as a way of identifying an intellectual elite.

193. During the Civil War, Britain and the United States were nearly provoked into war by A) the incompetence of Charles Francis Adams, the United States ambassador to London. B) Britain's refusal to observe the Union's blockade of Southern ports. C) the Trent affair, involving the removal of Southern diplomats from a British ship. D) Napoleon III's effort to place Maximilian on the Mexican throne. E) British working class support for the South.

194. During the Civil War, diplomacy for the Union and the Confederacy A) played only a small role. B) was important for the Union but not for the Confederacy. C) was critical for both. D) was important for the Confederacy but not for the Union. E) relied on international organizations.

2. In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American military after the Civil War, the a. Indians were never as well armed as the soldiers. b. the U.S. army was able to dominate with its superior technology. c. there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides. d. Indians proved to be no match for the soldiers. e. Indians and soldiers seldom came into face-to-face combat.

2. Which political emotion motivated the Liberal Republican revolt from the regular Republican party in 1872? (A) Dismay at the Republicans' weakness in upholding radical Reconstruction in the South (B) Nostalgia for leadership like that of the martyred Abraham Lincoln (C) Disgust at the corruption and scandals of the Grant administration (D) A fervent passion for reforms on behalf of women and blacks (E) A desire to strengthen the federal government's regulation of big business

22. A major problem faced by settlers on the Great Plains in the 1870s was a. the high price of land. b. the low market value of grain. c. the scarcity of water. d. overcrowding. e. the opposition of miners.

24. "Sooners" were settlers "who jumped the gun" in order to a. pan gold in California. b. stake claims in the Comstock Lode in Nevada. c. claim land in Oklahoma. d. drive the first cattle to Montana and Wyoming. e. grab town sites in the Dakotas.

26. In 1890, when the superintendent of the census announced that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible, a. the Homestead Act was repealed. b. little land remained for public sale. c. Americans were disturbed that the free land of the West was gone. d. there were no more isolated bodies of settlement. e. all the western territories had been admitted as states.

26.In the decades after the Civil War, college education for women a. became more difficult to obtain. b. was confined to women's colleges. c. became much more common. d. resulted in the passage of the Hatch Act. e. blossomed especially in the South.

28. Cities Denver and San Francisco did serve as a major "safety valve" by providing a. a home for new immigrants. b. recreational activities for its inhabitants. c. a home for failed farmers and busted miners. d. none of the above. e. all of the above.

31.Henry George believed that the root of social inequality and social injustice lay in a. stock speculators and financiers who manipulated the price of real goods and services. b. labor unions that artificially drove up the prices of wages and therefore goods. c. landowners who gained unearned wealth from rising land values. d. businesspeople who gained excessive profits by exploiting workers. e. patriarchal ideologies that regarded women as inferior domestic beings.

34. Late-nineteenth-century farmers believed that their difficulties stemmed primarily from a. low tariff rates. b. overproduction. c. a deflated currency. d. immigration laws. e. the federal government.

34. Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work. A. Lewis Wallace1.success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work B. Horatio Alger 2.anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures C. Henry James 3.contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes and socialism D. William Dean Howells 4. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women. a. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-l b. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 c. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 d. A-3, B-4, C-I, D-2 e. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-l

37.In the decades after the Civil War, changes in sexual attitudes and practices were reflected in all of the following except a. soaring divorce rates. b. the spreading practice of birth control. c. more children being born out of wedlock. d. increasingly frank discussion of sexual topics. e. more women working outside the home.

38. The original purpose of the Grange was to a. get involved in politics. b. support an inflationary monetary policy. c. stimulate self-improvement through educational and social activities. d. improve the farmers' collective plight. e. support the Homestead law.

38.In the course of the late nineteenth century, a. the birthrate increased. b. the divorce rate fell. c. family size gradually declined. d. people tended to marry at an earlier age. e. children were seen as a greater economic asset.

4.Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four? a. slums b. dumbbell tenements c. bedroom communities d. flophouses e. the "Lung Block"

45. In a bid to win labor's support, the Populist Party a. supported restrictions on immigration. b. nominated Samuel Gompers for president. c. opposed injunctions against labor strikes. d. endorsed workmen's compensation laws. e. proposed a law guaranteeing the right to organize and strike.

47. During the 1892 presidential election, large numbers of southern white farmers refused to desert the Democratic Party and support the Populist Party because a. they did not think the Populists represented their political interests. b. they were not experiencing the same hard times as Midwestern farmers. c. the history of racial division in the region made it hard to cooperate with blacks. d. they believed that too many Populists were former Republicans. e. they could not accept the Populists' call for government ownership of the railroads, telegraph, and telephones.

48. Jacob Coxey and his "army" marched on Washington, D.C., to a. demand a larger military budget. b. protest the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act. c. demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program. d. try to promote a general strike of all workers. e. demand the immediate payment of bonuses to Civil War veterans.

5.The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880 a. had experience with democratic governments. b. arrived primarily from Germany, Sweden, and Norway. c. were culturally different from previous immigrants. d. received a warm welcome from the Old Immigrants. e. represented nonwhite racial groups.

51. Match each individual with his role in the Pullman strike: A. Richard Olney 1. Head of the American Railway Union that organized the strike B. Eugene V. Debs 2. Governor of Illinois who sympathized with the striking workers C. George Pullman 3. United States attorney general who brought in federal troops to crush the strike D. John P. Altgeld 4. Owner of the "palace railroad car" company and the company town where the strike began a. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 b. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 c. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 d. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 e. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

57. The Democratic party nominee for president in 1896 was __________; the Republicans nominated __________; and the Populists endorsed a. William McKinley; Mark Hanna; William Jennings Bryan b. William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; James B. Weaver c. William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; William Jennings Bryan d. Mark Hanna; William Jennings Bryan; William Jennings Bryan e. William Jennings Bryan; Theodore Roosevelt; William Jennings Bryan

62. The strongest ally of Mark Hanna and the Republicans in the 1896 presidential election was a. the drop in wheat prices. b. McKinley's vigorous campaigning. c. fear of the alleged radicalism of William Jennings Bryan and his free silver cause. d. the nearly unanimous support of the nation's trained economists. e. the divisions in the Democratic Party.

66. The monetary inflation needed to relieve the social and economic hardships of the late nineteenth century eventually came as a result of a. the Gold Standard Act. b. McKinley's adoption of the bimetallic standard. c. an increase in the international gold supply. d. Populist fusion with the Democratic party. e. the creation of the Federal Reserve Board.

A major problem faced by settlers on the Great Plains in the 1870s was a. the high price of land. b. the low market value of grain. c. the scarcity of water. d. overcrowding. e. the opposition of miners.

Andrew Jackson's administration supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states because a. the Indians assimilated too easily into white society. b. the Supreme Court ruled in favor of this policy. c. whites wanted the Indians' lands. d. Georgia and Florida tried to protect the Indians and their lands. e. they continued their attacks on white settlements.

Andrew Jackson's political philosophy was based on his a. support of a strong central government. b. advocacy of the American System. c. suspicion of the federal government. d. opposition to the old antifederalist ideals. e. family's economic status.

As president, John Quincy Adams a. was more successful than as secretary of state b. adjusted to the New Democracy. c. was one of the least successful presidents in American history. d. put many of his supporters on the federal payroll. e. was successful in getting his programs enacted into law.

Both the Democratic party and the Whig party a. favored a renewed national bank. b. supported federal restraint in social and economic affairs. c. were mass-based political parties. d. clung to states' rights policies. e. feared the rise of the Anti-Masonic party.

Cities Denver and San Francisco did serve as a major "safety valve" by providing a. a home for new immigrants. b. recreational activities for its inhabitants. c. a home for failed farmers and busted miners. d. none of the above. e. all of the above.

During the 1892 presidential election, large numbers of southern white farmers refused to desert the Democratic Party and support the Populist Party because a. they did not think the Populists represented their political interests. b. they were not experiencing the same hard times as Midwestern farmers. c. the history of racial division in the region made it hard to cooperate with blacks. d. they believed that too many Populists were former Republicans. e. they could not accept the Populists' call for government ownership of the railroads, telegraph, and telephones.

In 1890, when the superintendent of the census announced that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible, a. the Homestead Act was repealed. b. little land remained for public sale. c. Americans were disturbed that the free land of the West was gone. d. there were no more isolated bodies of settlement. e. all the western territories had been admitted as states.

In a bid to win labor's support, the Populist Party a. supported restrictions on immigration. b. nominated Samuel Gompers for president. c. opposed injunctions against labor strikes. d. endorsed workmen's compensation laws. e. proposed a law guaranteeing the right to organize and strike.

In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American military after the Civil War, the a. Indians were never as well armed as the soldiers. b. the U.S. army was able to dominate with its superior technology. c. there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides. d. Indians proved to be no match for the soldiers. e. Indians and soldiers seldom came into face-to-face combat.

Jacob Coxey and his "army" marched on Washington, D.C., to a. demand a larger military budget. b. protest the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act. c. demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program. d. try to promote a general strike of all workers. e. demand the immediate payment of bonuses to Civil War veterans.

John Quincy Adams's weaknesses as president included all of the following except a. a deep nationalistic view. b. only one-third of the voters voted for him. c. his giving good office holders to appoint his own people. d. his sarcastic personality. e. he was tactless.

John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a "corrupt bargain" when he appointed __________ to become__________. a. John C. Calhoun, vice president b. William Crawford, chief justice of the United States c. Henry Clay, secretary of state d. Daniel Webster, secretary of state e. John Eaton, secretary of the navy

Late-nineteenth-century farmers believed that their difficulties stemmed primarily from a. low tariff rates. b. overproduction. c. a deflated currency. d. immigration laws. e. the federal government.

Match each individual with his role in the Pullman strike: A. Richard Olney 1. Head of the American Railway Union that organized the strike B. Eugene V. Debs 2. Governor of Illinois who sympathized with the striking workers C. George Pullman 3. United States attorney general who brought in federal troops to crush the strike D. John P. Altgeld 4. Owner of the "palace railroad car" company and the company town where the strike began a. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 b. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 c. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 d. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 e. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

One of the positive aspects of the Bank of the United States was a. its officers' awareness of the bank' s responsibilities to society. b. its preservation of the public trust. c. its promotion of economic expansion by making credit abundant. d. its issuance of depreciated paper money. e. that it loaned money to western farmers.

One reason for the Anglo-Texan rebellion against Mexican rule was that a. the Mexicans opposed slavery. b. the Mexican government refused to allow the "Old Three Hundred" to purchase land. c. the Anglo-Texans wanted to break away from a government hat had grown too authoritarian. d. the Anglo-Texans objected to the Mexican government's execution of Stephen Austin. e. the Mexicans tried to establish slavery among the Americans.

Texas gained its independence with a. help from Britain. b. no outside assistance. c. help from Americans. d. the blessing of the Mexican government. e. help from the French.

The "Tippecanoe" in the Whigs 1840 campaign slogan was a. Daniel Webster. b. Martin Van Buren. c. William Harrison. d. Nicholas Biddle. e. Henry Clay.

The "nullification crisis" of 1832-1833 erupted over a. banking policy. b. internal improvements. c. tariff policy. d. public land sales. e. Indian policy.

The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian a. prosperity. b. annihilation. c. assimilation. d. culture. e. education.

The Democratic party nominee for president in 1896 was __________; the Republicans nominated __________; and the Populists endorsed a. William McKinley; Mark Hanna; William Jennings Bryan b. William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; James B. Weaver c. William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; William Jennings Bryan d. Mark Hanna; William Jennings Bryan; William Jennings Bryan e. William Jennings Bryan; Theodore Roosevelt; William Jennings Bryan

The Whigs hoped to win the 1836 election by a. supporting Henry Clay. b. using smear tactics. c. forcing the election into the House of Representatives. d. emphasizing personality over issues. e. outspending their opponents.

The government of Mexico and the Americans who settled in Mexican-controlled Texas clashed over all of the following issues except a. slavery. b. immigration. c. allegiance to Spain. d. local rights. e. Santa Anna raising an army to use against Texas.

The monetary inflation needed to relieve the social and economic hardships of the late nineteenth century eventually came as a result of a. the Gold Standard Act. b. McKinley's adoption of the bimetallic standard. c. an increase in the international gold supply. d. Populist fusion with the Democratic party. e. the creation of the Federal Reserve Board.

The original purpose of the Grange was to a. get involved in politics. b. support an inflationary monetary policy. c. stimulate self-improvement through educational and social activities. d. improve the farmers' collective plight. e. support the Homestead law.

The people who proposed the exceptionally high rates of the Tariff of 1828 were a. supporters of John Quincy Adams. b. abolitionists. c. ardent supporters of Andrew Jackson. d. Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun. e. southern plantation owners.

The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was a. a war of genocide. b. gradual assimilation. c. forced removal. d. federal protection from state governments. e. to encourage them to preserve their traditional culture.

The purpose behind the spoils system was a. to press those with experience into governmental service. b. to make politics a sideline and not a full-time business. c. to reward political supporters with public office. d. to reverse the trend of rotation in office. e. the widespread encouragement of a bureaucratic office-holding class.

The strongest ally of Mark Hanna and the Republicans in the 1896 presidential election was a. the drop in wheat prices. b. McKinley's vigorous campaigning. c. fear of the alleged radicalism of William Jennings Bryan and his free silver cause. d. the nearly unanimous support of the nation's trained economists. e. the divisions in the Democratic Party.

William Henry Harrison, the Whig party's presidential candidate in 1840, was a. a true "common man." b. a very effective chief executive. c. made to look like a poor western farmer. d. born in a log cabin. e. the first military officer to become president.

146. Arrange these battles in chronological order: (A) Trenton, (B) Saratoga, (C) Long Island, (D) Charleston.

C, A , B, D

The writer who faded to obscurity in the nineteenth century but was recognized as one of America's greatest geniuses in the twentieth century was

Herman Melville

The chief justice who carried out, more than any other federal official, the ideas of Alexander Hamilton concerning a powerful federal government was ______.

John Marshall

Former president who won the Amistad rebellious slaves' freedom and fought for the right to discuss slavery in Congress

John Quincy Adams

The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the

Northern Peace Democrats.

increased competition.

One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was

that it represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business.

One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was

The federal government's use of the US Army to crush the Pullman strike in Chicago aroused great anger from both organized labor and the Populists because: a. it seemed to reflect an alliance of big business and government to destroy the organizing efforts of workers and farmers. b. it broke apart the growing alliance between urban workers and farmers. c. it undermined efforts to organize federal workers like those in the postal service. d. it turned their mot effective leader, Eugene V. Debs, into a cautious conservative. e. many of the soldiers used to defeat the union were themselves from rural or working class backgrounds.

Those who enjoyed a successful political career in the post-Civil War decades were usually a. reformers. b. incorruptible. c. party loyalists. d. political independents. e. wealthy and well educated.

the Battle of Gettysburg was significant because

Union victory meant that the southern cause was doomed.

Match each writer below with his work

Walt Whitman - Leaves of Grass Edgar Allen Poe - "The Fall of the House of Usher" Nathaniel Hawthorne - The Scarlet Letter Ralph Waldo Emerson - The American Scholar

Once begun, the War of 1812 was supported strongly by the ____.

West and South

British naval unit that seized hundreds of slave ships in the process of suppressing the illegal slave trade in the early 1800s

West-Africa Squadron

What sparked a new round of warfare between the Sioux tribe and the US Army in 1874? a. The massacre of US Army Captain William Fetterman and his soldiers by a Sioux war party near the Bozeman trail b. The start of an effort by Sioux Chief Crazy Horse to drive all whites from Montana to the Dakotas c. An expedition by US Army Colonel George Custer to Little Big Horn, Montana d. The discovery of gold by Colonel George Custer on Sioux land in the Black Hills e. The announcement by the federal government that it was opening all Sioux land for settlement

What was the primary cause of the monetary inflation that eventually relieved, but did not end, the social and economic hardships of the late 19th century? a. the Gold Standard Act b. McKinley's adoption of the bimetallic standard c. an increase in the international gold supply d. Populist fusion with the Democratic party e. the creation of the Federal Reserve Bank

What was the primary lesson drawn by labor unions, Populists, and debtors from the violent and legal end of the Pullman railway strike? a. proof of an alliance among big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people b. a strategy by which the united working-class action could succeed c. the need for a Socialist party in the United States d. the potential for the federal government to act as an effective counterweight to big business e. the ability to rely on the courts to uphold the rights of workers to strike for better wages and working conditions

Which of the following internal developments in China resulted in Chinese immigration to the United States? a. the disintegration of the Chinese Empire b. the seizure of farmland by landlords c. the intrusion of European powers d. internal political turmoil e. all of the above

The Morrill Act of 1862 [A] granted public lands to states to support higher education. [B] mandated racial integration in public schools. [C] established the modern American research university. [D] established women's colleges like Vassar. [E] required compulsory school attendance through high school.

[A] granted public lands to states to support higher education.

In the decades after the Civil War, changes in sexual attitudes and practices were reflected in all of the following except [A] soaring divorce rates. [B] increasingly frank discussion of sexual topics. [C] the fact that Americans were marrying at an earlier age. [D] the spreading practice of birth control. [E] critiques of women's roles as mothers.

[C] the fact that Americans were marrying at an earlier age.

Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work. ___ A. Lewis Wallace ___ B. Horatio Alger ___ C. Henry James ___ D. William Dean Howells 1. success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work 2. anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures 3. contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes, and socialism 4. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women. [A] A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 [B] A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1 [C] A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 [D] A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 [E] A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

[E] A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

American novel-writing turned from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged realism as a result of the [A] prominence of women writers. [B] impact of race relations. [C] influence of Latin American literature. [D] higher educational level of the authors. [E] materialism of industrial society.

[E] materialism of industrial society.

As a politician, Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as

a champion of the poor whites.

americas campaign against canada in teh war of 1812 was

a complete failure

The British-American dispute over the border of Maine was solved by:

a compromise that gave each side some territory

the delegates of the hartford convention adopted resolutions that included a call for

a constitutional amendment requiring a two- thirds vote in congress before the war was declared

56. Mercantilists believed that

a country's economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold and silver in its treasury

The Aroostook War was the result of

a dispute over the northern boundary of Maine

The Aroostook War was the result of:

a dispute over the northern boundary of Maine

98. By the end of the War for Independence,

a few thousand American regular troops were finally whipped into shape

Texas was annexed to the U.S. as a result of:

a joint resolution rather than a treaty

Texas was annexed to the United States as a result of

a joint resolution rather than a treaty

The financial mans for England's first permanent colonization in America were provided by - the law of primogeniture - Queen Elizabeth II - an expanding wool trade - a joint-stock company - a royal proprietor

a joint-stock company

Thomas Jefferson had strong misgivings about the wisdom maintaining _______.

a large standing army.

134. Like many revolutions, the American Revolution was

a minority movement

the Confederacy enlisted slaves into their army

a month before the war ended.

Compared with indentured servants, African American slaves were

a more manageable labor force

43. With the British and American victory in the French and Indian War,

a new spirit of independence arose, as the French threat disappeared

52. In a broad sense, America was

a revolutionary force from the day of its discovery by Europeans

As chief justice of the United States, John Marshall helped to ensure the political and economic systems were based on ______.

a strong central government

shays's Rebellion convinced many Americans of the need for

a stronger central government.

Match each railroad company below with the correct entrepreneur. A. James J. Hill 1. Central Pacific B. Cornelius Vanderbilt 2. New York Central C. Leland Stanford 3. Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe 4. Great Northern a. A-4, B-2, C-1 b. A-3, B-4, C-2 c. A-2, B-1, C-3 d. A-4, B-3, C-1 e. A-1, B-3, C-4

a. A-4, B-2, C-1

Which of the following schools became a prominent scholarly academic institution for African-Americans in the late 1800s? a. Howard University b. Harvard University c. Tuskegee Institute d. the University of Chicago e. Temple University

a. Howard University

The religious denomination that responded most favorably to the New Immigration was a. Roman Catholics. b. Baptists. c. Episcopalians. d. Christian Scientists. e. Mormons.

a. Roman Catholics.

Besides serving immigrants and the poor in urban neighborhoods, settlement workers like Jane Addams and Florence Kelley a. actively lobbied for social reforms like anti-sweatshop laws and child labor laws. b. created the new, largely female profession of teaching. c. looked down on the immigrant populations they served. d. saw themselves primarily as feminists who worked to advance women's causes. e. steered clear of controversial international questions like war and peace.

a. actively lobbied for social reforms like anti-sweatshop laws and child labor laws.

In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National labor Union won a. an eight-hour day for all workers. b. government arbitration for industrial disputes. c. equal pay for women. d. an eight-hour day for government workers. e. the right to collective bargaining.

a. an eight-hour day for all workers.

The post-Civil War era witnessed a. an increase in compulsory school-attendance laws. b. the collapse of the Chautauqua movement. c. rejection of the German system of kindergartens. d. a slow rise in the illiteracy rate. e. an emphasis on liberal arts colleges.

a. an increase in compulsory school-attendance laws.

Which one of the following is least like the other three? a. closed shop b. lockout c. yellow dog contract d. blacklist e. company town

a. closed shop

Henry George argued that the unearned windfall profits of those who did not work for them should be a. confiscated by government taxation. b. distributed to public works through private philanthropy. c. saved and invested for the benefit of the community. d. looked upon as the inevitable consequence of "the survival of the fittest." e. prevented through communal land ownership.

a. confiscated by government taxation.

One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was a. increased competition. b. support for the idea of a centrally planned economy. c. funding research on new technologies. d. elimination of the tactic of vertical integration. e. elimination of as much competition as possible.

a. increased competition.

J.P. Morgan monitored his competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n) a. interlocking dictorate. b. trust. c. vertical integration. d. pool. e. holding company.

a. interlocking dictorate.

The first major product of the oil industry was a. kerosene. b. gasoline. c. lighter fluid. d. natural gas. e. heating oil.

a. kerosene.

New Immigrant groups were regarded with special hostility by many nativist Americans because a. most Americans considered Italian, Greek, or Jewish culture inferior to their own. b. many New Immigrants attempted to convert Americans to Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, or Judaism. c. in many New Immigrant families, women were kept in distinctly subordinate roles. d. New Immigrants were often more politically loyal to their homelands than to the United States. e. their religions were distinctly different and some New Immigrants were politically radical.

a. most Americans considered Italian, Greek, or Jewish culture inferior to their own.

Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except a. opposed to factory labor. b. used as strikebreakers. c. willing to work for lower wages. d. difficult to unionize. e. non-English speaking.

a. opposed to factory labor.

Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called a. pools. b. trusts. c. rebates. d. interlocking directorates. e. holding companies.

a. pools.

67. In the late nineteenth century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor attracted manufacturing to the "new South." a. textile b. steel c. machine tool d. electrical appliance e. farm equipment

a. textile

The place that offered the greatest opportunities for American women in the period 1865-1900 was a. the big city. b. the West. c. suburban communities. d. rural America. e. New England.

a. the big city.

The pragmatists were a school of American philosophers who emphasized a. the provisional and fallible nature of knowledge and the value of ideas that solved problems. b. that ideas were largely worthless and only practical experience should be pursued. c. that the traditional Greek ideals of Plato and Aristotle should be revived. d. that scientific experimentation provided a new and absolutely certain basis for knowledge. e. that most academic knowledge was based on bourgeois ideas that oppressed the working class.

a. the provisional and fallible nature of knowledge and the value of ideas that solved problems.

Alexander Hamilton's financial plan for strengthening the economy and bolstering national credit proposed all of the following except

abolishing tariffs

Tecumseh argued that Indians should not cede control of land to whites unless _____.

all Indians agreed

As a revivalist preacher, Charles Grandison Finney advocated

all of these

The battle of Tippecanoe resulted in the death of the dream of ____.

an Indian confederacy.

In 1856, the breaking point over slavery in Kansas came with

an attack on Lawrence by a gang of proslavery raiders.

To deal with British and French violations of America's neutrality, Thomas Jefferson enacted _____.

an economic embargo.

the American Revolution was

an example of accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution

Transcendentalists believed that all knowledge came through

an inner light

people moved into the old northwest for all of hte following reasons except

as a haven for runaway slaves

General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the civil War involved

assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly.

118. The Olive Branch Petition

attempt by the continental congress to reconcile with Britain professing American loyalty

The Whigs placed John Tyler on the 1840 ticket as vice president to:

attract the vote of states' rightists

The Whigs placed John Tyler on the 1840 ticket as vice president to

attract the vote of the states' rightists

To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to

avoid corporate regulation by the states

One group barred from membership in the Knights of Labor was a. African-Americans. b. Chinese. c. women. d. Irish. e. social reformers.

b. Chinese.

The ___ Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments. a. Fifth b. Fourteenth c. Fifteenth d. Sixteenth e. Seventeenth

b. Fourteenth

The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of a. Jay Gould. b. Henry Bessemer. c. John P. Altgeld. d. Thomas Edison. e. Henry Clay Frick.

b. Henry Bessemer

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the a. Federal Trade Commission. b. Interstate Commerce Commission. c. Consumer Affairs Commission. d. Federal Anti-Trust Commission. e. Federal Communications Commission.

b. Interstate Commerce Commission.

The two immigrant ethnic groups who were most harshly treated in the mid to late nineteenth century were the a. Spanish and Greeks. b. Irish and Chinese. c. Germans and Swedes. d. Japanese and Filipinos. e. French and Russians.

b. Irish and Chinese.

The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was the a. development of the skyscraper. b. availability of industrial jobs. c. compact nature of those large communities. d. advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements. e. lure of cultural excitement.

b. availability of industrial jobs.

During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons a. rejected government assistance. b. built their railroads with government assistance. c. relied exclusively on Chinese labor. d. refused to get involved in politics. e. focused on public service.

b. built their railroads with government assistance.

The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolists a. when Republicans were removed from office. b. by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers. c. through the destruction of the American Federation of Labor. d. by the development of strong craft unions. e. by forming an independent political movement.

b. by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers.

Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor a. labor unions. b. corporations. c. state regulatory agencies. d. individual entrepreneurs. e. independent workers and craftsmen

b. corporations.

The Darwinian theory of organic evolution through natural selection affected American religion by a. turning most scientists against religion. b. creating a split between religious conservatives who denied evolution and accomodationists who supported it. c. raising awareness of the close spiritual kinship between animals and human beings. d. causing a revival of the doctrine of original sin. e. sparking the rise of new denominations based on modern science.

b. creating a split between religious conservatives who denied evolution and accomodationists who supported it.

Some people who found fault with the captains of industry argued that these men a. were basically socialists. b. diminished the workers' quality of life. c. tried to take the United States back to its old values. d. failed to develop the industrial system quickly. e. retarded technological advances.

b. diminished the workers' quality of life.

The development of electric trolleys in the late nineteenth century transformed the American city by a. ending horse-drawn transportation in the city. b. enabling cities to build upward as well as outward. c. separating the mass transportation of the working class from the private vehicles of the wealthy. d. enabling cities to plan streets along regular grid lines. e. creating distinct districts devoted to residential neighborhoods, commerce, and industry.

b. enabling cities to build upward as well as outward.

The gospel of wealth, which associated godliness with wealth, a. relied on the sayings of Jesus. b. inspired the wealthy to try to help the poor. c. stimulated efforts to help minorities. d. was opposed by most clergymen. e. discouraged efforts to help the poor.

b. inspired the wealthy to try to help the poor.

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with a. cash grants from new taxes. b. land grants. c. cash grants from higher tariffs. d. reduced prices for iron and steel. e. aid for construction of railroad stations.

b. land grants.

One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it a. revolutionized the business system. b. represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business. c. actually did nothing to control the abuses of big business. d. failed to prohibit some of the worst abuses of big business, such as pools and rebates. e. invoked the Constitution's interstate commerce clause.

b. represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business.

The early settlement house workers, such as Jane Addams and Florence Kelley, helped to blaze the professional trail for a. language specialists. b. social workers. c. day-care workers. d. criminal psychologists. e. female politicians.

b. social workers.

The two major sources of funding for the powerful new American research universities were a. tuition paid by undergraduate students and fees charged to those served by the universities. b. state land grants and wealthy, philanthropic industrialists. c. the federal government and local communities. d. income from successful patents and corporate research grants. e. churches and numerous private individual donors.

b. state land grants and wealthy, philanthropic industrialists.

One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the a. decline in farm income. b. stresses of urban life. c. emerging feminist movement. d. passage of more liberal divorce laws. e. decline of religious organizations.

b. stresses of urban life.

Prominent Protestant pastors like Walter Rauschenbusch and Washington Gladden argued that a. the ancient Bible should be replaced by more modern scientific sociology and social theory. b. the Christian Gospel required that churches address poverty and other burning social issues of the day. c. the churches were in danger of being taken over by anti-intellectual fundamentalism. d. it was up to women to lead the church in an age of industrial democracy. e. the clergy should become the advance guard of a militant working class revolution.

b. the Christian Gospel required that churches address poverty and other burning social issues of the day.

Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by a. Congress. b. the Supreme Court. c. private lawsuits. d. President Cleveland. e. state legislatures.

b. the Supreme Court.

69. One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was a. their movement to the suburbs. b. the need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock. c. the opportunity to relearn the ideals of Thomas Jefferson. d. the narrowing of class divisions. e. the encounter with other races.

b. the need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock.

Most New Immigrants a. eventually returned to their country of origin. b. tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America. c. were subjected to stringent immigration restrictions. d. were quickly assimilated into the mainstream of American life. e. were converted to mainstream Protestantism.

b. tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America.

Alexander hamilton's proposed bank of the US. Was

based on the "necessary and proper"l or "elastic", clause in the Constitution

the "large-state plan" put forward in the Constitutional convention

based representation in the House and Senate on population.

A major reason for the founding of the Maryland colony in 1634 was to - be financially profitable and create a refuge for the Catholics - help the Protestants, by giving them a safe haven - repudiate the feudal way of life - establish a defensive buffer against Spanish colonies in the South - allow Lord Baltimore to keep all the land for himself

be financially profitable and create a refuge for the Catholics

6. The one valuable resource in New France was

beavers

Pioneering Americans marooned by geography

became ill informed and individualistic in their attitudes.

Economically, the colony of PA

became profitable very quickly

34. As a result of the French and Indian War, Great Britain

became the dominant power in North America

58. Under mercantilist doctrine, the American colonies were expected to do all of the following except

become economically self sufficient as soon as possible

at the end of the war of 1812 british manufactuers

began dumping their goods in america at extremely low prices

37. With the end of the French and Indian War, the disunity, jealousy, and suspicion that had long existed in the American colonies

began to melt somewhat

With the end of the SEven Years' War, the disunity, jealousy, and suspicion that had long existed in the American colonies

began to melt somewhat

In the election of 1800, what did the Federalists accuse Thomas Jefferson of?

being an atheist, supporting high taxes, fathering mulatto children

One of the enduring paradoxes of American history is that

both liberals and conservatives have championed the heritage of democratic revolution.

148. The Battle of Saratoga was a key victory for the Americans because it

brought the colonists much needed aid and a formal alliance with france

The people who found fault with the captains of industry mostly argued that these men

built their corporate wealth and power by exploiting workers

During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons

built their railroads with government assistance

The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolists

by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers

Match each entrepreneur below with the form of business combination with which he is historically identified. A. Andrew Carnegie 1. interlocking directorate B. John D. Rockefeller 2. trust C. J. Pierpont Morgan 3. vertical integration 4. pool a. A-2, B-4, C-1 b. A-3, B-2, C-4 c. A-3, B-2, C-1 d. A-1, B-3, C-2 e. A-4, B-1, C-3

c. A-3, B-2, C-1

82. The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the a. National Labor Union. b. Knights of Labor. c. American Federation of Labor. d. Knights of Columbus. e. Congress of Industrial Organizations.

c. American Federation of Labor.

Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four? a. Slums b. Dumbbell tenements c. Bedroom communities d. Flophouses e. The "Lung Block"

c. Bedroom communities

Early railroad owners formed "pools" in order to a. increase competition by establishing more companies. b. water their stock. c. divide business in a particular area and share profits. d. choose the best workers. e. avoid wasteful competition

c. divide business in a particular area and share profits

Most women workers of the 1890s worked for a. independence. b. glamour. c. economic necessity. d. the service sector. e. personal spending money.

c. economic necessity.

To provide workers with job security, reformers wanted to introduce all of the following except a. job protection. b. wage protection. c. establishment of a workers' political party. d. temporary unemployment compensation. e. safety and health codes.

c. establishment of a workers' political party.

In the course of the late nineteenth century a. the birthrate increased. b. the divorce rate fell. c. family size gradually declined. d. people tended to marry at an earlier age. e. children were seen as a greater economic asset.

c. family size gradually declined

Reflecting women's increasing independence in the late 1890s, author and feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman supported all of the following except a. women abandoning their dependent status. b. women seeking power via their roles as wives and mothers. c. notions that biology made women fundamentally different from men. d. centralized nurseries and cooperative kitchens. e. women becoming productive members of the economy as workers.

c. notions that biology made women fundamentally different from men.

John D. Rockefeller used all of the following tactics to achieve success in the oil industry except a. employing spies. b. extorting rebates from railroads. c. showing mercy to his competitors. d. pursuing a policy of rule or ruin. e. using high-pressure sales methods.

c. showing mercy to his competitors.

One by-product of the development of the railroads was a. a scattering of the U.S. population. b. fewer big cities. c. the movement of people to cities. d. a reduction in immigration to the United States. e. a loss of population in the East.

c. the movement of people to cities

83. By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless, a. labor unions continued to decline in membership. b. the American Federation of Labor failed to take advantage of the situation. c. the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor. d. Congress declared the AFL illegal. e. workers began to turn to the Socialist Party.

c. the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor.

When private railroad promoters asked the United States government for subsidies to build their railroads, they gave all of the following reasons for their request except that it was a. too risky without government help. b. too costly without government help. c. too costly to move people in some areas without government help. d. too unprofitable in some areas without government help. e. impossible to serve military and postal needs without government help.

c. too costly to move people in some areas without government help.

The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880 a. had experience with democratic governments. b. were numerous but never constituted a majority of the immigrants in any given year. c. were culturally different from previous immigrants. d. received a warm welcome from the Old Immigrants. e. represented nonwhite racial groups.

c. were culturally different from previous immigrants

The oil industry became a huge business a. with the building of electric generator plants. b. when it was taken over by the government. c. with the invention of the internal combustion engine. d. when diesel engines were perfected. e. when oil was discovered in Texas.

c. with the invention of the internal combustion engine.

70. The group most affected by the new industrial age was a. Native Americans. b. African-Americans. c. women. d. southerners. e. small town residents

c. women.

the new constitution did not provide for the creation of a(n)

cabinet

132. The Declaration of Independence did all of the following except

call for the abolition of the slave trade

91. The First Continental Congress

called for a complete boycott of British goods

the treaty of 1818 with england

called for a ten year joint occupation of the oregon country by both american citizens and british subjects

124. Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense

called for american independence and the creation of a democratic republic

Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the civil War

came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered confederacy

German immigrants to the United States

came to escape economic hardships and autocratic government.

165. The most important contribution of the seagoing "privateers" during the Revolutionary War was that they

captured hundreds of British merchant ships

153. The Armed Neutrality League was started by

catherine the great of russia

108. In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament

closed the boston harbor, restricted town meetings in new england, and required the perpetrators to be taken to england for trial.

115. In 1775, once fighting between the colonies and Great Britain began,

colonists affirmed their loyalty to the king

104. To a degree, the Navigation Laws were beneficial to colonists because

colonists were paid subsidies for producing ships parts, tobacco growers were guaranteed a monopoly of the Grit market for their crop, and colonial trading ships were protected by the Royal Navy

106. George Grenville responded to American protests against his policies by asserting that

colonists were represented in Parliament even if they didnt think so, and the power of Parliament was absolutely supreme in the empire

Plantation mistresses

commanded a sizable household staff of mostly female slaves

103. The Navigation Laws required that

commerce carried only on Brit vessels, Euro goods had to go through Brit port, and goods from colonies only to Brit

127. The feasibility of representative government had been demonstrated in the

committees of correspondence

Political corruption during Reconstruction was

common in both North and South

50. One change in colonial policy by the British government that helped precipitate the American Revolution involved

compelling the American colonists to shoulder some of the financial costs of the empire

13. French motives in the New World included the desire to

compete with Spain for an empire in America

Western road building faced all of the following problems except

competition from canals.

European immigration to the South was discouraged by

competition with slave labor

By the mid-eighteenth century, North American colonies shared all of the following similarities except

complete democracy

Slaves fought the system of slavery in all of the following ways except by

conducting periodic successful slave rebellions

In 1812, James Madison turned to war to restore ____.

confidence in the republican experiment.

16. The War of Jenkins's Ear was

confined to the Caribbean Sea and Georgia

The War of Jenkins Ear was

confined to the Caribbean Sea and Georgia

The northern political leader who successfully defended the Amistad slave rebels and overturned the Gag Resolution in Congress was

congressman and former president John Quincy Adams

90. The First Continental Congress was called in order to

consider ways of redressing colonial grievances

After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General George McClellan made the mistake of

consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.

120. The colonists' invasion of Canada in 1775

contradicted the american claim that they were only fighting defensively

The issue that finally touched off the movement toward the Constitutional Convention was

control of commerce

70. Passage of the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act

convinced many colonists that the British were trying to take away their historic liberty

Most of the utopian communities in pre-1860s America held _____ as one of their founding ideals

cooperative social and economic practices

Thomas Jefferson distrusted large standing armies because they _______.

could be used to establish a dictatorship.

John Tyler joined the Whig Party because he

could not stomach the dictatorial tactics of Andrew Jackson

John Tyler joined the Whig party because he:

couldn't stomach the dictatorial tactics of Andrew Jackson

Georgia's founders were determined to - conquer Florida and add it to Britain's' empire - keep Georgia for Catholics - restrict the colony to British citizens - create a haven for people imprisoned for debt - establish slavery

create a haven for people imprisoned for debt

The two late-nineteenth-century newspaper publishers whose competition for circulation fueled the rise of sensationalistic yellow journalism were a. Horatio Alger and Harlan E. Halsey. b. Henry Adams and Henry James. c. Henry George and Edward Bellamy. d. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. e. Edwin L. Godkin and Stephen Crane.

d. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.

The image of the "Gibson Girl" represented a. a revival of the colonial feminine ideal. b. a portrayal of the modern corporate business woman. c. an exploitive image of a woman as a sex object. d. an independent and athletic "new woman." e. a sentimental image of a woman as mother.

d. an independent and athletic "new woman."

By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage a. acknowledged that women were biologically weaker than men but claimed that they deserved the vote anyway. b. temporarily abandoned the movement for the vote. c. formed strong alliances with African Americans seeking voting rights. d. argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world. e. insisted on the inherent political and moral equality of men and women.

d. argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world.

To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to a. help freedmen to work in factories. b. incorporate big businesses. c. allow the captains of industry to avoid paying taxes. d. avoid corporate regulation by the states. e. protect the civil rights of business people.

d. avoid corporate regulation by the states.

A "bird of passage" was an immigrant who a. came to the United States to live permanently. b. only passed through America on his or her way to Canada. c. was unmarried. d. came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe. e. flew from job to job.

d. came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe.

Settlement houses, such as Hull House, engaged in all of the following activities except a. child care. b. instruction in English. c. cultural activities. d. evangelical religious instruction. e. lobbying for social reform.

d. evangelical religious instruction.

By 1900, organized labor in America a. had temporarily ceased to exist. b. had enrolled nearly half of the industrial labor force. c. was accepted by the majority of employers as a permanent part of the new industrial economy. d. had begun to develop a positive image with the public. e. relied heavily on the National Labor Relations Board.

d. had begun to develop a positive image with the public

All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion except a. a large pool of unskilled labor. b. an abundance of natural resources. c. American ingenuity and inventiveness. d. immigration restrictions. e. a political climate favoring business.

d. immigration restrictions.

Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in all of the following activities except a. child care. b. instruction in English. c. cultural activities. d. instruction in socialism. e. social reform lobbying.

d. instruction in socialism.

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was at first primarily used to curb the power of a. manufacturing corporations. b. labor unions. c. state legislatures. d. railroad corporations. e. banking syndicates.

d. railroad corporations.

By the late nineteenth century, most of the Old Immigrant groups from northern and Western Europe a. actively promoted the idea of a multicultural America. b. were still regarded with suspicion and hostility by the majority of native Americans. c. had largely abandoned their ethnically based churches, clubs, and neighborhoods. d. were largely accepted as American, even though they often lived in separate ethnic neighborhoods. e. still maintained a primary loyalty to their country of origin, especially Ireland or Germany.

d. were largely accepted as American, even though they often lived in separate ethnic neighborhoods.

Spain's dreams of empire began to fade with the - conquest of Mexico by Portugal - Treaty of Tordesillas - defeat of the Spanish Armada - loss of Brazil - War of Spanish Succession

defeat of the Spanish Armada

143. In late 1776 and early 1777, George Washington helped restore confidence in America's military by

defeating the hessians at trenton and the british at princeton

Robert E. Lee decided to invade the north through Pennsylvania in order to

deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern peace movement.

The "new light" preachers of the Great Awakening

delivered intensely emotional sermons

Roger Williams beliefs did not include

demanding oaths regarding religious beliefs

The puritan system of congregational church government logically led to

democracy in political government

23. In the colonial wars before 1754, Americans

demonstrated an astonishing lack of unity

89. The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it did all of the following except

deny the French the right to retain many of their old customs

Despite its problems, Maryland prospered and like Virginia it - supplied the worlds' largest supply of beans and corn to Europe - relied exclusively on African slave labor - depended for labor in its early years mainly on white indentured servants - remained a progressive state dedicated to social and economic equality of all its citizens - remained a strong center of cotton production in the South

depended for labor in its early years mainly on white indentured servants

54. Republican belief held that the stability of society and the authority of the government

depended on the virtue of its citizenry

All of the following were true of England as the 17th century opened up except - increasing unemployment - desolate cities with a decreasing population - a large population boom - economic depression hit, displacing thousands of framers - enclosing crop lands, thus forcing small farmers off the land

desolate cities with a decreasing population

One of the major criticisms of the Constitution as drafted in Philadelphia was that it

did not provide guarantees for individual rights.

The gospel of wealth, which associated godliness with wealth

discouraged efforts to help the poor

For free blacks living in the North

discrimination was common

The biggest disrupter of Native American life was - disease - introduction of horses - fire arms - the formation of new tires - loss of culture

disease

8. The population in Catholic New France grew very slowly because

disease took a heavy toll on New France's inhabitants

Northern attitudes toward free blacks can best be described as

disliking the individuals but liking the race

the official charge that the House of Representatives used to impeach President Johnson was his

dismissal of Secretary of War stanton contrary to the Tenure of Office Act.

The cultivation of tobacco in Jamestown resulted in all of the following except - the broad-acred plantation system - a great demand for controlled labor - diversification of the colony's economy - soaring prosperity in the colony - the destruction of the soil

diversification of the colony's economy

After killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel, Aaron Burr plotted to ________.

divide the United States

Members of the planter aristocracy

dominated society and politics in the South

Life on the frontier was

downright grim for most pioneer families.

One of the first jobs facing the new government formed under the Constitution was to

draw up and pass a bill of rights.

Before he became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall's service at Valley Forge during the American Revolution convinced him of the ______.

drawbacks of feeble central authority

Match each labor organization below with the correct description. A. National Labor Union 1. the "one big union" that championed arbitration B. Knights of Labor C. American Federation of Labor 2. a social-reform union killed by the depression of the 1870s 3. an association of unions pursuing higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions a. A-3, B-1, C-2 b. A-3, B-2, C-1 c. A-1, B-2, C-3 d. A-1, B-3, C-2 e. A-2, B-1, C-3

e. A-2, B-1, C-3

Historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the United States because a. most employers tried to treat their workers well. b. few Europeans brought their political philosophies to the United States. c. the captains of industry did not allow protest to take root. d. many Americans inherited fortunes. e. America has greater social mobility than Europe has

e. America has greater social mobility than Europe has

The only transcontinental railroad built without government aid was the a. New York Central. b. Northern Pacific. c. Union Pacific. d. Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe. e. Great Northern

e. Great Northern

America's first billion-dollar corporation was a. General Electric (GE). b. Standard Oil. c. American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T). d. The Union Pacific Railroad. e. United States Steel.

e. United States Steel.

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution a. was opposed by religious Modernists. b. left open the question of human origins. c. was attacked most bitterly by orator Colonel Robert Ingersoll. d. helped to unite college teachers of biology in support of the theory of "survival of the fittest." e. cast serious doubt on a literal interpretation of the Bible.

e. cast serious doubt on a literal interpretation of the Bible.

Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African Americans was a. the vote. b. rigorous academic training. c. the rejection of accommodationist attitudes. d. to directly challenge white supremacy. e. economic independence and education

e. economic independence and education

The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when a. the government owned the means of production. b. labor controlled the government. c. workers accepted the concept of craft unions. d. business would understand the principles of social justice. e. labor would own and operate businesses and industries.

e. labor would own and operate businesses and industries.

81. One of the major reasons the Knights of Labor failed was its a. racial exclusiveness. b. support of skilled workers. c. failure to admit women to its ranks. d. abandonment of the concept of independent producers. e. lack of class consciousness.

e. lack of class consciousness.

One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was a. mass-production factories. b. the Sears catalog. c. advertising billboards. d. public transportation systems. e. large department stores.

e. large department stores.

The National American Woman Suffrage Association a. achieved its central political goal in 1898. b. conducted an integrated campaign for equal rights. c. abandoned the goals of Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. d. elected Ida B. Wells as its president. e. limited its membership to whites.

e. limited its membership to whites.

Edward Bellamy's novel, Looking Backward, inspired numerous late-nineteenth-century social reformers by a. demonstrating that women's work in the home was seriously undervalued. b. showing how a single tax on land speculation would end poverty. c. portraying the sufferings of an immigrant worker in Chicago's stockyard meat industry. d. showing the hypocrisy of the urban wealthy. e. portraying a utopian America in the year 2000, where nationalized industry had solved all social problems.

e. portraying a utopian America in the year 2000, where nationalized industry had solved all social problems.

During the age of industrialization, the South a. took full advantage of the new economic trends. b. received preferential treatment from the railroads. c. turned away from agriculture. d. held to its "Old South" ideology. e. remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.

e. remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.

68. Many Southerners saw employment in the textile mills as a. high-wage positions. b. unacceptable. c. a poor alternative to farming. d. institutions that broke up families. e. salvation, since the jobs and wages were steady.

e. salvation, since the jobs and wages were steady.

The Comstock Law was intended to advance the cause of a. racial equality. b. public health. c. temperance. d. woman suffrage. e. sexual purity.

e. sexual purity.

e. state legislatures

According to the social gospel, a. workers should be content with their station in life. b. the church should not concern itself in the social affairs of the world. c. clergy should try to reach the socially prominent. d. Christianity would replace socialism. e. the lessons of Christianity should be applied to solve the problems manifest in slums and factories.

e. the lessons of Christianity should be applied to solve the problems manifest in slums and factories.

Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape a. political oppression. b. famine. c. the political disintegration of their country. d. the military draft. e. the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy.

e. the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy.

The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was a. agriculture. b. mining. c. the steel industry. d. electric power. e. the railroad network.

e. the railroad network.

As a result of the transportation revolution,

each region in the nation specialized in a particular type of economic activity

Most slaveowners treated their slaves as

economically profitable investments

blacks in the South relied on the Union League to

educate them on their civic duties.

the greatest achievements of the Freemen's Bureau were in

education

Thomas Jefferson's "Revolution of 1800" was remarkable because it marked the ________.

election results accepted by both parties

One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was

elimination of as much competition as possible

Early signs of the abolitionist movement can be seen in the

emancipation of some slaves.

3. France was finally able to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World as a result of the

end of religious wars

30. The British invasion of Canada in 1756 during the French and Indian War

ended in defeat

35. For the American colonies, the French and Indian War

ended the myth of British invincibility

For the American colonies, the Seven Years' War

ended the myth of british invincibility

The Articles of Confederation left congress unable to

enforce a tax-collection program

The British policy of impressment was a kind of ______.

enlistment

the main purpose of the black Codes was to

ensure a stable and subservient labor supply

Thomas Jefferson and his followers opposed John Adams's last-minute appointment of new federal judges mainly because it was an attempt by a defeated party to _____.

entrench itself in the government.

When the Scots-Irish established a new community, one of the first tasks they undertook was to

erect a church

the northwest Ordinance of 1787

established a procedure for governing the Old Northwest territory.

settlers of the Connecticut River colony developed a document known as the Fundamental Orders, which

established a regime democratically controlled by "substantial" citizens

To provide workers with job security, reformers wanted to introduce all of the following except

establishment of a workers' political party

Women became especially active in the social reforms stimulated by the Second Great Awakening because

evangelical religion emphasized their spiritual dignity, and religious social reform legitimized their activity outside the home

76. "Virtual" representation meant that

every member of the Parliament represented all British subjects

Immediately after the Revolution, the new American nation's greatest strength lay in its

excellent political leadership

On becoming president, Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans in Congress immediately repealed the _______.

excise tax on whiskey.

10. The Indians suffered from their association with the French in New France in all of the following ways except

exclusion from the fur business

When new towns were established in new England, all of the following were true except

families did not automatically receive land.

With the development of cash-crop agriculture in the trans-Allegheny West,

farmers quickly faced mounting indebtedness.

in interpreting the constitution, john marshall

favored "loose construction"

In the presidential election of 1844, the Whig candidate, Henry Clay

favored both the postponing and the annexation of Texas

95. Many Whigs in Britain hoped for an American victory in the War for Independence because they

feared that if George III triumphed, his rule at home might become tyrannical

92. As a result of Parliament's rejection of the petitions of the Continental Congress,

fighting and bloodshed took place, and war began

In his quest for California, President James K. Polk

first advocated buying the area from Mexico

All of the following were characteristics of slaves in the mid-nineteenth century United States except

floggings were very uncommon and rare

british plans for their 1814 campaign did not include action in

florida

31. When William Pitt became prime minister during the French and Indian War, he

focused his military strategy on the capture of French Canada

A third revolution accompanied the reformation of American politics and the transformation of the American economy in the mid-nineteenth century, which contained all of the following characteristics except

focused on preserving the traditions of the founders

In his raid on Harpers Ferry, John Brown intended to

foment a slave rebellion.

Construction of the Erie Canal

forced some New England farmers to move or change occupations.

Which of the following was not among the common forms of corruption practiced by wealthy railroad barons?

forcing their employees to buy railroad company stock

Shays's Rebellion was provoked by

foreclosures on the mortgages of backcountry farmers.

136. The Americans who continued to support the crown after independence had been declared were more likely to be all of the following except

from new england

As a result of the Revolution's emphasis on equality, al of the following were achieved except

full equality between women and men.

9. The primary economic pursuit of early settlers in New France was

fur trapping

Hamilton believed that together his funding and assumption programs would

gain the monetary and political support of the rich for the federal government

157. Shortly after French troops arrived in America, the resulting improvement in morale staggered when

general benedict arnold turned traitor

Regarding work assignments, slaves were

generally spared generous work

Relations between Britain and the U.S. in the 19th century could be characterized as:

generally tense, with periods of both violence and peaceful resolution

Relations between Britain and the United States in the nineteenth century could be characterized as

generally tense, with periods of both violence and peaceful resolution

Which of the following was not considered to be a naval store

glass

The "cult of domesticity"

glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers

The panic of 1857 hit hardest among

grain growers of the Northwest.

In the new continental economy, each region specialized in a particular economic activity: the South _________ for export; the West grew grains and livestock to feed _________; and the East _________ for the other two regions.

grew cotton, eastern factory workers, made machines and textiles

One feature of the American economy that strained the relationship between the colonies and Britian was the

growing desire of Americans to trade with other nations in addition to Britain

many feminist leaders were especially disappointed with the fourteenth Amendment because it

guaranteed male but not female property rights.

In 1649, maryland's Act of Toleration - guaranteed toleration to all Christians - abolished the death penalty previously given to those who denied the divinity of Jesus - was issued by Lord Baltimore - protected Jews and atheists - gave freedom only to Catholics

guaranteed toleration to all Christians

the final Union war strategy included all the following components except

guerrilla warfare

Before his nomination in 1860, Abraham Lincoln

had been a state legislator in Illinois, a United States congressman from Illinois, and a failed candidate for the United States Senate.

NY and PA were similar in that they both

had ethically mixed populations

Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 Republican Party presidential nomination in part because

he had made fewer enemies than front-runner William Seward.

142. General William Howe did not pursue and defeat George Washington's army after the Battle of Long Island for all of the following reasons except

he lacked sufficient naval support

All of the following happened after President John Tyler's veto of a bill to establish a new Bank of the United States except

he sent legislation to Congress for the creation of a National Bank

All of the following happened after President John Tyler's veto of a bill to establish a new Bank of the U.S.

he was expelled from the Whigs party all but one member of his cabinet resigned an attempt was made in the House of Reps. to impeach him Tyler also vetoed a Whig-sponsored high-tariff bill

James Buchanan won the Democratic nomination for the presidency in 1856 because

he was not associated with the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

President James Buchanan declined to use force to keep the South in the Union for all of the following reasons

he was surrounded by prosouthern advisers; a slim chance of reconciliation remained; northern public opinion would not support it; and the army was needed to control Indians in the West.

The "Gospel of Wealth" endorsed by Andrew Carnegie

held that they wealthy should display moral responsibility in the use of their God-given money

After the Civil War, the plentiful supply of unskilled labor in the United States

helped to build the nation into an industrial giant

the resolutions from the hartford convention

helped to cause the death of hte federalist party

Immigrants coming to the United States before 1860

helped to fuel economic expansion.

Noah Webster's dictionary

helped to standardize the American language

President James Buchanan's decision on Kansas's Lecompton Constitution

hopelessly divided the Democratic Party.

The attitude of Carolinians toward Indians can best be described as - hostile - promoting interracial marriage - neutral - friendly - None of these

hostile

All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion except

immigration restrictions

Most immigrants to the Chesapeake colonies in the seventeenth century came as

indentured servants

130. When America became a republic and political power no longer rested with an all powerful king,

individuals needed to sacrifice their own self-interest to the public good

teh panic of 1819 brought with it all of hte following except

inflation

J.P. Morgan monitored his competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as

interlocking directorate

When the people of Britain and France read Uncle Tom's Cabin, their governments realized that

intervention in the Civil War on behalf of the South would not be popular.

The triangular trade of the colonial American shipping industry

involved the trading of rum for African slaves

144. The basic strategy of the British in 1777 was to try to

isolate new england

the North's "victory" at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to

issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

spain sold florida to the u.s. because

it could not defend the area and would lose it in any case

28. Benjamin Franklin's plan for colonial home rule was rejected by the individual colonies because

it did not seem to give enough independence to the colonies

When Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election, people in South Carolina rejoiced because

it gave them an excuse to secede.

150. France came to America's aid in the Revolution because

it wanted revenge against the british

39. France had to give up its vision of a North American New France when

it was defeated by the British in 1713 and 1763

The election of 1844 was notable because

it was fought over a single issue

The election of 1844 was notable because:

it was fought over a single issue

79. The colonists took the Townshend Acts less seriously than the Stamp Act because

it was light and indirect

Federalists opposed the acquisition of Canada because ____.

it was too agrarian and would give more votes to the Democratic-Republicans

Plantation agriculture was wasteful laregely because

its excessive cultivation of cotton despoiled good land

All of the following were weaknesses of the slave plantation system except that

its land continued to remain in the hands of the small farmers

The American medical profession by 1860 was noted for

its still primitive standards

the united states most successful diplomat in the era of good feelings was

john quincy adams

Thomas Jefferson's failed attempt to impeach and convict Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase for "high crimes and misdemeanors" meant that ______.

judicial independence and the separation of powers had been preserved

John Marshall, as chief justice of the United States, helped to strengthen the judicial branch of government by asserting the doctorine of ________.

judicial review of congressional legislation

24. The immediate purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754 was to

keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British

The immediate purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754 was to

keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British

One of George Washington's major contributions as president was

keeping the nation out of foreign wars.

83. The local committees of correspondence organized by Samuel Adams

kept opposition to British alive, through exchange of propaganda

The first major product of the oil industry was

kerosene

In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that

labor unions were not illegal conspiracies.

One of the major reasons that the Knights of Labor failed was its

lack of class consciousness

Perhaps the greatest inhibiting factor for American artists in the first half of the nineteenth century was the

lack of first-rate art schools

121. The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776, for all of the following reasons except

lack of military victories

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

land grants and loans

74. When colonists shouted "No taxation without representation," they were rejecting Parliament's power to

levy revenue raising taxes on the colonies

20. A key reason France needed to control the Ohio Valley was to

link its Canadian holdings with those of the lower Mississippi Valley

by their actions, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention manifested their common beliefs in all of the following except

manhood-suffrage democracy.

President Jefferson's foreign policy of economic coercion stimulated American ____.

manufacturing

As late as 1856, many northerners were still willing to vote Democratic instead ofRepublican because

many did not want to lose their profitable business connections with the South.

96. As the War for Independence began, the colonies had the advantage of

many outstanding ciil and military leaders

It was typical of colonial New England adults to

marry early and have several children

The vast, integrated, continental U.S. market greatly enhanced the American inclination toward

mass manufacturing of standardized industrial products

One argument against annexing Texas to the United States was that the annexation

might give more power to the supporters of slavery

when the united states entered the war of 1812,it was

militarily unprepared

The two industries that the transcontinental railroads most significantly expanded were

mining and agriculture

What were the reasons why Napoleon chose to sell Louisiana to the United States?

misfortunes in Santo Domingo; help America stop the ambitions of the British; he did not want to drive America into the arms of the British; yellow fever killed many French troops.

Thomas Jefferson's presidency was characterized by his ________ of public administration.

moderation

When it came to scientific achievement, America in the 1800s was

more interested in practical matters

The Second Great Awakening partly reshaped American religion by making it

more reliant on women as members and social reformers

All of the following were true of slavery in the South except that

most slaves were raised in single unstable parent households

When the "famine Irish" came to America, they

mostly remained in the port cities of the Northeast.

The early factory system distributed its benefits

mostly to the owners.

the performance of the united states navy in the war of 1812 could be best described as

much better than that of the army

140. Loyalists were least numerous in

new england

the most devastating defeat suffered by the British during the war of 1812 took place at the battle of

new orleans

173. New York was chosen as the base of British operations because

of its splendid seaport, central location, and probability of support there from colonists who opposed independence

from a global perspective the war of 1812 was

of little importance

The physical growth of English New York slowed because

of the monopolistic land policies

11. The Jesuit priests played a vital role in New France because

of their exploration and work as geographers

All told, only about ___ of white southerners owned slaves or belonged to a slaveholding family

one fourth

102. As noted in "Varying Viewpoints," historians since the 1960s have interpreted the Revolutionary struggle as

one in which the economic concerns played a crucial role

By the 1850's, most northerners could be described as

opposed to slavery but also hostile to immediate abolitionists

New York was

originally founded by the Dutch

112. As commander of America's Revolutionary army, George Washington exhibited all of the following traits except

patience

The population of the 13 american colonies was

perhaps the most diverse in the world, although it remained predominantly Anglo-Saxon

The slave society that developed in north America was one of the few slave societies in history to

perpetuate itself by its own natural reproduction

In arguing for the continuation of slavery after 1830, southerners

placed themselves in opposition to much of the rest of the Western world

Most slaves in the South were owned by

plantation owners

perhaps the key battle of the war of 1812 because it protected the united states from full-scale invasion and possible dissolution,was the battle of

plattsburgh

A major strength of the Articles of Confederation was its

presentation of the ideal of a united nation

German immigrants in the early nineteenth century tended to

preserve their own language and culture.

62. Under the mercantilist system, the British government reserved the right to do all of the following regarding the American colonies except

prevent the colonies from developing militias

After the Revolutionary War, both Britain and Spain

prevented America from exercising effective control over about half of its total territory

the economic status of the average American at the end of the Revolutionary War was

probably worse than before the war

49. The Proclamation of 1763

prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains

The Fourteenth Amendment

prohibited ex-confederate leaders from holding public office.

One of the most farsighted provisions of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787

prohibited slavery in the Old Northwest.

The proposed Crittenden Compromise, if adopted, would have

prohibited slavery north of 36 degrees 30'; guaranteed federal protection of slavery in territories south of 36 degrees 30'; and permitted the expansion of slavery into new territories south of 36 degrees 30'.

When German immigrants came to the United States, they

prospered with astonishing ease.

by the time the Constitution was adopted in 1789

prosperity was beginning to return

the delegates at the Constitutional convention were concerned mainly with

protecting America from its weaknesses abroad and its excesses at home

In 1867, Secretary of State Seward achieved the Johnson administration's greatest success in foreign relations when he

purchased Alaska from Russia

Some southern slaves gained their freedom as a result of

purchasing their way out of slavery

107. The Townshend Acts

put tax on glass, tea, lead, and paint

the world's first antislavery society was founded by

quakers in Philadelhia

At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored

quick military action to show the folly of secession

69. The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act to

raise money to support new military forces needed for colonial defense

135. The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution in all of the following ways except

raising funds to support the war effort

In his 10% plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised

rapid readmission of Southern states into the union.

King James I opposed the Separatists who wanted to break away entirely from the Church of England because he

realized that if his subjects could defy him as their spiritual leader, they could defy him as their political leader

the debate between the supporters and critics of the Articles of confederation centered on how to

reconcile states' rights with strong national government

The South's victory at Bull run in 18

reduced enlistments in the South's army

During the age of industrialization, the South

remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural

The immense debt owed to northern creditors by the South wa

repudiated by the South.

The dramatic growth of American cities between 1800 and 1860

resulted in unsanitary conditions in many communities.

As president, Thomas Jefferson's stand on several political issues he had previously championed were ______.

reversed

the Constitutional Convention was called to

revise the Articles of Confederation.

Most Americans who migrated to the Oregon Country were attracted by the

rich soil of the Willamette River Valley

Most Americans who migrated to the Oregon Country were attracted by the:

rich soil of the Willamette River Valley

126. The resolution that "These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states..." was introduced into the Second Continental Congress by Virginia delegate

richard henry lee

155. The commander of French troops in America was

rochambeau

The image of the "Gibson Girl" represented a(n)

romantic ideal of the independent and athletic new woman

Captain John Smith's role at Jamestown can best be described as - saving the colony from collapse - worsening the colonists' relationship with the Indians - very limited - reducing the terrible death toll - persuading the colonists to continue their hunt for gold

saving the colony from collapse

Britain made neutrality very difficult for the U.S. during the French and British conflicts for the 1790s by

seizing American merchant ships in the West Indies.

110. Perhaps the most important single action of the Second Continental Congress was to

select George Washington to head the army

Washington's Neutrality Proclamation clearly illustrated the truism that

self interest is the basic cement of alliances.

John D. Rockefeller used all of the following tactics to achieve success in the oil industry except

showing mercy to his competitors

the main purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to

silence and punish critics of the Federalists

In 1855, proslavery southerners regarded Kansas as

slave territory.

As a result of the development of the cotton gin,

slavery revived and expanded.

as a result of the missouri compromise

slavery was banned north of 36degree 30' in the louisiana purchase territory

As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin

slavery was reinvigorated

The Wilmot Proviso, introduced into Congress during the Mexican War, declared that:

slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the U.S.

The Wilmot Proviso, introduced into Congress during the Mexican War, declared that

slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the United States

Southern colonies generally allowed married women to retain separate title to their property because

southern men frequently died young

The Republicans lost the 1856 election in part because of

southern threats that a Republican victory would be a declaration of war

The effect of early-nineteenth-century industrialization on the trans-Allegheny West was to encourage

specialized, cash-crop agriculture.

The early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized by - major technological advancement - economic prosperity - peace with the native Americans - constant fear of Spanish invasion - starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids

starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids

the delegates at the Constitutional Convention stipulated that the new Constitution be radified by

state conventions

Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by

state legislatures

When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in

states still in rebellion against the United States

In general, _________ tended to bind the West and South together, while _________ and _________ connected West to East.

steamboats, canals, railroads

The excessive consumption of alcohol by Americans in the 1800s

stemmed from the hard and monotonous life of many

At the end of the Civil War, many white Southerners

still believed that their view of secession was correct

The American work force in the early nineteenth century was characterized by

substantial employment of women and children in factories.

The idea of recolonizing blacks back to Africa was

supported by the black leader Martin Delaney

85. When Parliament passed the Tea Act, colonists

suspecte that it was a trick to get them to violate their principle of "No taxation without representation"

the western land boom resulted from all of the following except

teh construction of railroad lines as far west as the mississippi river

In the late nineteenth century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor attracted ____ manufacturing to the "New South"

textile

Deists like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin endorsed the belief

that a Supreme Being endowed human beings with a capacity for moral behavior

the tariff of 1816 was the first in american history

that aimed to protect american industry

for blacks, emancipation meant all of the following except

that large numbers would move north

the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were written in response to

the Alien and Sedition Acts.

117. King George III officially declared the colonies in rebellion just after

the Battle of Bunker Hill

During the War of 1812, the New England states lent more money and sent more food to _____ .

the British army than to the American army

The Mormon religion originated in

the Burned-Over District of New York

The supreme test of American democracy in the nineteenth century was

the Civil War

Abraham Lincoln opposed the Crittenden Compromise because

the Compromise could allow slavery to expand into Latin America.

the political party of the "outs" that provided the "loyal opposition" to the party in power in the 1790s was

the Democratic - Republicans.

As a result of England's Glorious Revolution,

the Dominion of the New World collapsed

175. It is legitimate to claim that the triumph at Yorktown "was no less French than American" because

the French supplied all the seapower and made up half the besieging army

46. Chief Pontiac decided to try to drive the British out of the Ohio Valley because

the Indians were in a precarious position

The legal precedent for judicial review was established when the Supreme Court declared ______.

the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional

In "Bleeding Kansas" in the mid-1850s,

the Lecompton Constitution was identified with the proslavery element, and the New England Immigrant Aid Society was associated with the antislavery free-soilers.

After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, the South concluded that

the North was dominated by "Brown-loving" Republicans.

Seafaring New England opposed the War of 1812 because ____. (4 reasons)

the Northeast Federalists sympathized with England; resented the Republican's sympathy with Napoleon; Federalists opposed the acquisition of Canada; it could result in more agrarian states.

19. The climactic clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of

the Ohio River Valley

Those who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants organized

the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner.

Lewis and Clark demonstrated the possibility of an overland trail to ______.

the Pacific.

President Polk's claim that "American blood [had been shed] on the American soil" referred to news of an armed clash between Mexican and American troops near

the Rio Grande

President Polk's claim that "American blood(had been shed) on the American soil" referred to news of an armed clash between Mexican and American troops near:

the Rio Grande

All of the following were true of the American economy under Cotton Kingdom except

the South reaped all the profits from the cotton trade

Native American leader Tecumseh was killed in 1813 at the Battle of _____.

the Thames

One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the North at Antietam was

the Union's discovery of Robert E. Lee battle plans

The last open debate inside the South regarding proposals to gradually abolish slavery occurred in

the Virginia state legislature in 1830-1841

By 1810, the most insistent demand for a declaration of war against Britain came from _____.

the West and South

the immediate cause of the undeclared war between the United States and France was

the XYZ affairs

"Ecological imperialism" can best be described as

the aggressive exploitation of the West's bounty.

Some people in Britain hoped for a British alliance with Texas because:

the alliance would give abolitionists the opportunity to free slaves in Texas

at the peace conference at ghent the british began to withdraw many of its earlier demands for all of the following reasons except

the american victory at new orleans

When the English gained control over New Netherlands,

the autocratic spirit survived

PA was

the best advertised

The idea that all tax measures should start in the House was made to appease

the big states with the most people

163. The Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the first treaty between the United States and an Indian nation, resulted in

the ceding of most of the Iroquois land

1. During the seventeenth century, America established the precedent of

the church would act as a major prop for kingly authority

English officials tried to "establish" the Church of England in as many colonies as possible because

the church would act as a major prop for kingly authority

119. With the American invasion of Canada in 1775,

the colonials' claim that they were merely fighting defensively for a redress of grievances was contradicted.

The Deist faith embraced all of the following except

the concept of original sin

the new Constitution established the idea that the only legitimate government was one based on

the consent of the governed

Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin intended to show

the cruelty of slavery.

the controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the confederate states to the Union demonstrated

the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress.

The Union's defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was better than a victory because

the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war

with the demise of the federalist party

the democratic-republicans established one-party rule

all of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation except

the disappearance of European working class support for the Union

in the postwar south

the economy was utterly devastated.

Slavery's greatest psychological horror, and the theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, was

the enforced separation of slave families

One reason that the lot of adult wage earners improved was

the enfranchisement of the laboring man.

101. "Varying Viewpoints" notes that the most influential view of the American Revolution currently holds that

the fear of losing their liberty drove the colonists to war

Puritan doctrine included acceptance of

the idea of a covenant with God

In 1846, the U.S. went to war with Mexico for all of the following reasons:

the ideology of Manifest Destiny the deaths of American soldiers at the hands of Mexicans the desire to gain payment for damage claims against the Mexican government Polk's desire to acquire California

William Lloyd Garrison plegded his dedication to

the immediate abolition of slavery in the South

The situation in Kansas in the mid-1850s indicated

the impracticality of popular sovereignty in the territories.

In 1846, the United States went to war with Mexico for all of the following reasons except

the impulse to satisfy those asking for spot resolutions

the most alarming Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from

the ironclad Merrimack (the Virginia)

The key to Oneida's financial success was

the manufacture of steel animal traps and silverware

Sexual differences were strongly emphasized in nineteenth-century America because

the market economy increasingly separated men and women into distinct economic roles

The most ethnically diverse region of colonial America was ______ wereas _____ was the least ethnically diverse

the middle colonies, New England

One by-product of the development of the railroads was

the movement of people to cities

According to the compact theory advocated by Jefferson and Madison

the national government was the creation of the thirteen sovereign states

Many southerners saw employment in the textile mills as

the only steady jobs and wages available

Among the Puritans it was understood that

the purpose of the Government was to enforce God's laws

The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was

the railroad network

All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights except

the right to vote for all citizens.

In colonial elections

the right to vote was reserved for property holders.

during its first quarter-century as a nation, one of the major problems facing America was

the rivalry and warfare between France and Britain.

According to John Humphrey Noyes, the key to happiness is

the suppression of selfishness

to many Northerners, the black Codes seemed to indicate that

the transition to black freedom would be difficult.

According to Anne Hutchinson, a dissenter in Massachusetts Bay,

the truly saved need not bother to obey the laws of God or man

In early-nineteenth-century America,

the urban population was growing at an unprecedented rate.

97. The colonists faced all of the following weaknesses in the War for Independence except

the use of numerous European officers

By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless

the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor

the ultimate guarantor of liberty and justice was

the virtue of the people.

Believers in the doctrine of "survival of the fittest," like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, believed that

the wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor

henry clays call for federally funded roads and canals recieved whole hearted endorsement from

the west

53. The American colonial exponents of republicanism argued that a just society depends on

the willingness of all citizens to subordinate their private interests to the common good

109. When the Second Continental Congress met in 1775,

there was no well-defined sentiment for independence

5. Unlike the English colonies in America, in New France

there were no popularly elected assemblies

The majority of southern whites owned no slaves because

they could not afford the purchase price

Thomas Jefferson saw navies as less dangerous than armies because ______.

they could not march inland and endanger liberties

The British impressed American sailors into the British navy because _______.

they needed more men

65. In some ways, the Navigation Laws were a burden to certain colonists because

they stifled economic initiative

Secessionists supported leaving the Union because

they were tired of abolitionist attacks; they believed that the North would not oppose their departure; the political balance seemed to be tipping against them; and they were dismayed by the success of the Republican Party.

new england opposed the american systems federally constructed roads because

they would drain away needed population to the west

As a result of reading Uncle Tom's Cabin, many northerners swore that

they would have nothing to do with the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law.

Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the

thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution

Hinton R. Helper's book The Impending Crisis of the South argued that

those who suffered most from slave labor were nonslaveholding southern whites.

149. France waited to give open assistance to America until after the victory at Saratoga because the French

thought the colonists' chances of winning slim before the victory.

the Sedition Act

threatened First Amendment freedoms

The consitutional convention addressed the North-South controversy over slavery through the

three-fifths compromise

Church attendance was still a regular ritual for _____ of the 23 million Americans in 1850

three-fourths

Motives of the delegates to the 1787 constitutional Convention in Philadelphia include all of the following except

to increase individual freedom

President Adams sought a peaceful solution top to the undeclared war with France in order

to prevent the outbreak of a full scale war

When private railroad promoters asked the United States government for subsidies to build their railroads, they gave all of the following reasons for their request except that it was

too costly to move people to some areas without government help

For its continued success, Hamilton's financial program relied heavily on

trade with Britain

Unlike other English voyagers to the New World, the Puritans

transplanted entire communities

Two technological innovations that greatly expanded the industrial employment of women in the late nineteenth century were the

typewriter and the telephone

Thomas Jefferson's embargo failed because he ( 4 reasons) _____. 588. President Jefferson's foreign policy of economic coercion A) underestimated British dependence on American trade. B) adversely affected France's economy more than Britain's. C) stimulated manufacturing in the United States. D) destroyed the Federalist party in New England. E) succeeded in its goal of forcing the British to halt its impressment of American sailors.

underestimated British determination; Britain produced a bumper crop; Latin America opened its ports to commerce; miscalculated difficulty of enforcing it

57. The founding of the American colonies by the British was

undertaken in a haphazard manner

With Thomas Jefferson's election as president, the Democratic-Republican party grew less _______.

unified as the Federalist Party began to fade and lose power

In the election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the prowar Democrats and founded the __________ party

union.

The greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental railroad network was that it

united the nation into a single, integrated national market

the battle of new orleans

unleashed a wave of nationalism and self confidence

The middle colonies were notable for their

unusual degree of democratic control

The underlying basis for modern mass production was the

use of interchangeable parts.

14. The early wars between France and Britain in North America were notable for the

use of primitive guerrilla warfare

the U.S finally negotiated a peace settlement with France in 1800 mainly because Napoleon

wanted to concentrate on gaining more power in Europe

Washington's Farewell Address in 1796

warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances

the assassination of Abraham Lincoln

was a calamity for the South.

Tax-supported public education

was deemed essential for social stability and democracy

21. In his first military command in the French and Indian War, George Washington

was defeated at Fort Necessity but was allowed to retreat

In his first military command in the French and Indian War, George Washington

was defeated at Fort Necessity but was allowed to retreat

Unlike the first 3 anglo-french wars, the seven years' war

was fought initially on the North American continent

171. George Washington was chosen commander of the colonial armies because he

was from the south, a colonial aristocrat, and a symbol and rallying point

Under the Articles of Confederation, the relationship between the thirteen states

was good politically but poor economically

the Second Continental Congress of Revolutionary days

was little more than a conference of ambassadors with very limited power.

All of the following are true of the Second Great Awakening except that it

was not as large as the First Great Awakening

The Salem "With hunt" in 1692

was opposed by the more responsible members of the clergy.

After halting Lee's troops at Antietam, General George McClellan

was removed from his field command.

one of the nationally recognized american authors in the 1820s was

washington irving

Native-born Protestant Americans distrusted and resented the Irish mostly because these immigrants

were Roman Catholic.

Those in the North who opposed the abolitionists believed that these opponents of slavery

were creating disorder in America

The most important outcome of the Revolution for white women was that they

were elevated as special keepers of the nation's conscience.

Some Africans became especially valuable as slaves in the Carolinas because they - exhibited skill as soldiers - had experience working in dry, desert like areas - were experienced in rice cultivation -were knowledgable regarding cotton production - were skilled fishermen

were experienced in rice cultivation

Early-nineteenth-century American families

were getting smaller.

Describe the American army on the Eve of the War of 1812.

were ill-trained and ill-disciplined; widely scattered; most generals were leftovers from the Revolutionary War and lacked vigor and vision; had no burning national anger to unite them

The Irish immigrants to early nineteenth-century America

were mostly Roman Catholics and hated the British.

63. Before 1763 the Navigation Laws

were only loosely enforced in the American colonies

Many of the slaves who reached North America

were originally captured by African coastal tribes

continental army officers attempting to form the society of the Cincinati

were ridiculed for their lordly presentions

North Carolina and Rhode Island were similar in that they - were very aristocratic - depended on trade with Spain - exercised on independent prerogative - were founded by Roger Williams - were the two most democratic colonies

were the two most democratic colonies

When the Irish flocked to the United States in the 1840s, they stayed in the larger seaboard cities because they

were too poor to move west and buy land.

168. Britain gave America generous terms in the Treaty of Paris because British leaders

were trying to persuade America to abandon its alliance with France

The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the United States was on

western and southern rivers.

41. The isolation of Louisiana's Cajun communities ended

with bridge building in 1930s

The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed

with textile mills.

for congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the southern states's quick restoration to the Union was that

with the black population fully counted, the South would be stronger than ever in national politics.

The oil industry became a huge business

with the invention of the internal combustion engine

In the election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln

won a majority in the Electoral College and won less than a majority of the popular vote.

47. The Proclamation of 1763 was issued mainly to

work out a fair settlement of the Indian problem

12. The French wanted to control Louisiana because they

would then control the mouth of the Mississippi

The French wanted to control Louisiana because they

would then control the mouth of the Mississippi

when the house of representatives passed the tallmadge amendment i response to missouris request for admission to hte union, the south thought that the amendment

would threaten the sectional balance

131. Which individual privately advocated equality for women?

Abigail Adams

"Spoilsmen" was the label attached to those who a. expected government jobs from their party's elected officeholders. b. ravaged the pristine environment of the "golden West" for their own profit. c. manipulated railroad stocks to their own private advantage. d. supported civil-service reform. e. engaged in political corruption.

As a result of the panic of 1857, the South believed that

"cotton was king."

Native-born Americans feared that Catholic immigrants to the United States would

"establish" the Catholic church at the expense of Protestantism.

In Puritan doctrine, the elect were also referred to as

"visible saints"

170. When the Second Continental Congress convened,

...

during the Civil War, Grant lost one man to every ______, and Lee lost one man to every_______

10, 5

1.Samuel Morse 2. Cyrus McCormick 3. Elias Howe 4. Robert Fulton

1.telegraph 2.mower-reaper 3.sewing machine 4.steamboat

167. American diplomats to the peace negotiations in Paris in 1782

1783 were instructed by the Second Continental Congress to-consult with the colonies' French allies and make no separate peace arrangements with the British

The influx of immigrants to the United States tripled, then quadrupled, in the

1840s and 1850s.

In what year did John O'Sullivan coin the phrase Manifest Destiny?

1845

In his quest for California, President James K. Polk:

1st advocated buying the area from Mexico

In the Oregon treaty with Britain in 1846, the northern boundary of the U.S. was established to the Pacific Ocean along the line of:

49 degrees

In the Oregon treaty with Britain in 1846, the northern boundary of the United States was established to the Pacific Ocean along the line of

49 degrees

10. The nineteenth century humanitarians who advocated "kind" treatment of the Indians a. had no more respect for traditional Indian culture than those who sought to exterminate them. b. advocated allowing the Ghost Dance to continue. c. opposed passage of the Dawes Act. d. understood the value of the Indians' religious and cultural practices. e. advocated improving the reservation system.

29. The area of the country in which the federal government has done the most to aid economic and social development is a. the West. b. the Midwest. c. the South. d. the Northeast. e. Appalachia.

183. Billy Yank tended to be all of the following except A) religious. B) literate. C) intellectual. D) practical. E) efficient.

Match each individual below with the correct description. A. Andrew Jackson B. Henry Clay C. John C. Calhoun D. William Crawford 1. was vice president on the ticket of two presidential candidates in 1824 2. received more popular votes than any other candidate in 1824 3. was eliminated as a candidate when the election of 1824 was thrown into the House of Representatives a. A-2, B-3, C-l b. A-2, B-1, D-3 c. B-1, C-3, D-2 d. A-3, C-2, D-l e. A-1, B-2, D-3

One of the main reasons Andrew Jackson decided to weaken the Bank of the United States after the 1832 election was a. his fear that Nicholas Biddle might try to manipulate the bank to force its recharter. b. his desire to halt the rising inflation rate that the bank had created before 1832. c. his desire to fight the Specie Circular, which hurt the West. d. that he lost money he had invested in it. e. all of the above.

lockout, yellow dog contract, blacklist and company town.

A closed shop is least similar to

The term Richardsonian in the late nineteenth century pertained to A architecture. B sculpture. C novels. D music. E painting.

A. architecture.

In the course of the late nineteenth century, [A] family size gradually declined. [B] people tended to marry at an early age. [C] the birthrate increased. [D] the divorce rate fell. [E] children lived longer at home.

A. family size gradually declined.

Henry George found the root of social inequality and social injustice in [A] landowners who gained unearned wealth from rising land values. [B] businesspeople who gained excessive profits by exploiting workers. [C] labor unions that artificially drove up the prices of wages and therefore goods. [D] patriarchal ideologies that regarded women as inferior domestic beings. [E] stock speculators and financiers who manipulated the price of real goods and services

A. landowners who gained unearned wealth from rising land values.

During the Mexican War, the Polk administration was called on several times to respond to spot resolutions, indicating where American blood had been shed to provoke the war. The resolutions were frequently introduced by

Abraham Lincoln

During the Mexican War, the Polk administration was called on several times to respond to spot resolutions, indicating where American blood had been shed to provoke war. The resolutions were frequently introduced by:

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated while in office; the second was a. Rutherford Hayes. b. William McKinley. c. Chester Arthur. d. Benjamin Harrison. e. James Garfield.

What was one of the greatest problems John Adams and the Federalists faced in the election of 1800?

Adams's refusal to take the country to war against France

The combination of Calvinism, soil, and climate in new England resulted in the people there possessing which of the following qualities:

All of the above

the plentiful supply of unskilled labor in the United States helped to build the nation into an industrial giant.

After the Civil War

called pools.

Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were

All of the following characterized the election of 1896 EXCEPT: a. the major political issue of the election was free and unlimited coinage of silver. b. William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic and Populist parties mainly because he eloquently supported farmers' demand for the unlimited coinage of silver. c. it was the last time in American history that a serious effort to win the White House would be made by mostly agrarian farmers. d. millions of dollars were raised from trusts and big businessmen by Republican National Committee Chairman Mark Hanna to ensure the election of William McKinley and protect big-business interests. e. an ushering in of an extended period of increased voter participation, the strengthening of party organizations, and the continued presence of the money question and civil-service reform in the national political discourse.

169. Regarding the provisions of the 1783 Treaty of Paris, which formally ended the Revolution,

America broke the assurances regarding treatment of the Loyalists

Historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the United States because

America has greater social mobility than Europe has

United States Steel.

America's first billion-dollar corporation was

Garrisonian abolitionist organization, founded in 1833, that included the eloquent Wendell Phillips among its leaders

American Anti-Slavery Society

The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the

American Federation of Labor

an association of unions pursuing higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions

American Federation of Labor

Theodore Dwight Weld's powerful antislavery book

American Slavery As it is:

48. In the wake of the Proclamation of 1763

American colonists moved west, defying the Proclamation

In 1839, enslaved Africans rose up aboard the Spanish slave ship

Amistad

Among the following, which group was least likely to migrate to the cattle and farming frontier of the West? a. Eastern city dwellers b. Eastern farmers c. recent northern European immigrants d. African Americans e. Midwestern farmers

steel

Andrew Carnegie

vertical integration

Andrew Carnegie

The organizational technique of vertical integration of all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company was pioneered by

Andrew Carnegie with the steel industry

in the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln's running mate was

Andrew Johnson

The only group of white southerners who hated both slaveowners and blacks were

Appalachian mountain whites

Arrange the following in chronological order:

Aroostook War, Webster-Ashburton Treaty, annexation of Texas, settlement of the Oregon boundary

C&E: White southern defenses of slavery as a positive good

Aroused deep fears of rebellion and ended rational discussion of slavery in the South

As a result of the Civil War, a. the population of the United States declined. b. political dishonesty grew while honesty in business rose. c. the North developed a strong sense of moral superiority. d. the great majority of political and business leaders became corrupt. e. waste, extravagance, speculation, and graft reduced the moral stature of the Republic.

During the colonial era, all of the following peoples created new societies out of diverse ethnic groups in American except

Asians

At the conclusion of the Civil War, General Ulysses S. Grant a. refused gifts offered him by the American public. b. proved that he was a sound judge of human character. c. rejoined the Democratic party. d. accepted gifts of houses and money from citizens. e. ruled out running for office.

At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African Americans with a. literacy requirements. b. poll taxes. c. economic intimidation. d. grandfather clauses. e. all of the above.

The Union army's victory in the capture of ________ was probably critical to Lincoln's reelection in 1864

Atlanta.

Order: A)the founding of NY B)the founding if PLYMOUTH colony C)Protestant Reformation D) founding of RI

BDCA

The statutes governing slavery in the North American colonies originated in - Brazil - England - Virginia - Barbados - Spain

Barbados

As a result of the SEven Year's War, Great Britain

Became the dominant power in North America

The person most often called the "First civilized American" was

Benjamin Franklin

The fertile region of the Deep South, stretching across Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, where the largest concentration of black slaves worked on rich cotton plantations

Black Belt

The Iroquois leader who helped his nation revive its old customs was - Handsome Lake - Pontiac - De La Warr - Powhatan - Pocahontas

Handsome Lake

87. The most drastic measure of the Intolerable Acts was the

Boston Port Act

Both the mining and cattle frontiers of the late nineteenth-century West saw a/an: a. increase of ethnic and class conflict. b. loss of economic viability after an initial boom. c. turn from large-scale investment to the individual entrepreneur. d. brief flourishing of individual enterprise eventually followed by large corporate takeovers. e. influx of immigrant miners and cowboys from Europe.

Match each nation of the left with the correct description of the problem it presented for

Britain = occupied a chain of trading forts in the Old Northwest ; France = demanded repayment of wartime loans ; Spain = controlled important trade routes from the interior of North America ; Barbary Coast = threatened American commerce in the Mediterranean

Britain did not protest too loudly against the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy because

Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war.

the only argument not put forward by the war hawks as a justification for a declaration of war against Britain was that

Britain's commercial restrictions had come close to destroying America's profitable New England shipping business

60. The British Parliament enacted currency legislation that was intended primarily to benefit

British merchants

78. As a result of American opposition to the Townshend Acts,

British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order

36. During the French and Indian War,

British officials were disturbed by the lukewarm support of many colonials

In the Civil War, the South won the battle of

Bull Run

the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless, the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor.

By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize

develop a more positive image with the public.

By 1900, organized labor in America had begun to

By the 1880s, most western farmers faced hard times because: a. free land was no longer available under the Homestead Act. b. they were unable to increase grain production to keep up with demand. c. they were being strangled by excessive federal regulation of agriculture. d. they resisted the adoption of technologically improved farming techniques. e. they were forced to sell their grain at declining prices in volatile and depressed world markets.

"Sooners" were settlers "who jumped the gun" in order to a. pan gold in California. b. stake claims in the Comstock Lode in Nevada. c. claim land in Oklahoma. d. drive the first cattle to Montana and Wyoming. e. grab town sites in the Dakotas

13. The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian a. prosperity. b. annihilation. c. assimilation. d. culture. e. education.

By the eighteenth century, the various colonial regions had distrinct economic identities; the northern colonies relied on____, the chesapeake colonies relied on_____ and the southern colonies relied on _____

Cattle and grain, tobacco, rice and indigo

C&E: The slaves' love of freedom and hatred of their condition

Caused slaves to work slowly, steal from their masters, and frequently run away

158. The colonists suffered their heaviest losses of the Revolutionary War at the Battle of

Charleston

The busiest seaport in the southern colonies was - St. Augustine - Savannah - Baltimore - Charleston - Jamestown

Charleston

With regard to governmental authority, the Scots-Irish colonists

Cherished no love for the British or any other government

Which one of the following is least like the other three?

Closed shop

The area in dispute between the U.S. and Great Britain in 1845 lay between the:

Columbia River, the 49th parallel, and the Pacific Ocean

In 1775, the ____ churches were the only two established (tax supported) churches in colonial America

Congregational and Anglican

For a majority of northerners, the most outrageous part of the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case was that

Congress had never had the power to prohibit slavery in any territory.

New York Central

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Term for the ante-bellum South that emphasized its economic dependence on a single staple product

Cotton Kingdom

C&E: Excessive soil cultivation and financial speculation

Created dangerous weaknesses beneath the surface prosperity of the southern cotton economy

1.The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades was a. uniquely American. b. fueled by an agricultural system suffering from poor production levels. c.attributable to the closing of the frontier. d. a trend that affected Europe as well. e. a result of natural reproduction.

1. Despite his status as a military hero, General Ulysses S. Grant proved to be a weak political leader because he (A) was personally honest and corrupt. (B) did not believe in the principles of the Republican party. (C) was unable to get others to follow his lead. (D) had no political experience and was a poor judge of character. (E) lacked political ambition.

The only member of President Tyler's Whig cabinet who did not resign in protest over his policies was

Daniel Webster

Black abolitionist writer who called for a bloody end to slavery in an appeal of 1829

David Walker

By 1860, slaves were concentrated in the "black belt" located in the

Deep South states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana

Free black whose failed attempt to lead a slave revolt in Charleston, South Carolina, led to the execution of more than thirty of his followers

Denmark Vesey

economical swings and depressions, employers' whims, sudden unemployment, and illness and accident.

Despite generally rising wages in the late nineteenth century, industrial workers were extremely vulnerable to all of the following:

As a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates,

Douglas defeated Lincoln for the Senate.

In the Dred Scott case, the Supreme Court ruled that

Dred Scott was not a citizen of the United States; Dred Scott could not legally sue in a federal court; the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional; and Congress had no power to ban slavery from a territory.

most of the railroad barons built their railroads with government assistance.

During the Gilded Age

During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans a. had few significant economic differences. b. agreed on currency policy but not the tariff. c. were separated by substantial differences in economic policy. d. held similar views on all economic issues except for civil service reform. e. were divided over silver vs. gold currency.

During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and the Republican parties was a. the Grand Army of the Republic. b. the Roman Catholic Church. c. ideological commitment. d. big-city political machines. e. political patronage.

the South remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.

During the age of industrialization

11. To assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following except a. dissolve many tribes as legal entities. b. try to make rugged individualists of the Indians. c. wipe out tribal ownership of land. d. promise Indians U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years. e. outlaw the sacred Sun Dance.

The various racial and ethnic groups in large cities, though living in different neighborhoods, shared which of the following activities? [A] popular show business [B] shopping [C] sports [D] reading [E] all of these

E. all of these

In a country hungry for news, American newspapers [A] crusaded for social reform. [B] repudiated the tactics of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. [C] printed hard-hitting editorials. [D] came to rely less on syndicated material. [E] became sensationalist.

E. became sensationalist.

to avoid competition by dividing business in a particular area.

Early railroad owners formed "pools" in order

Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of the pro-silver leader a. Tom Watson. b. William Jennings Bryan. c. William McKinley. d. J. Pierpont Morgan. e. Adlai E. Stevenson.

Under the Constitution, the president of the U.S. was to be elected by a majority vote of the

Electoral College

Inventor of a machine for extracting seeds from cotton that revolutionized the southern economy

Eli Whitney

Illinois editor whose death at the hands of a mob made him an abolitionist martyr

Elijah Lovejoy

Arrange these events are in chronological order: (A) war hawks enter Congress, (B) declaration of war on Britain, (C) Embargo Act, (D) Battle of Tippecanoe.

Embargo Act, warhawks enter Congress, Battle of Tippecanoe, declaration of war on Britain

The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was the most consequential for the future United States was the - French at Saint Augustine in 1611 - English at Massachusetts Bay in 1621 - French at Quebec in 1608 - Spanish at Santa Fe in 1610 - English at Jamestown in 1607

English at Jamestown in 1607

The "canal era" of American history began with the construction of the

Erie Canal in New York.

class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the United States because America has greater social mobility than Europe has.

Even historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism generally concede that

Lewis and Clark's expedition through the Louisiana Purchase territory yielded treaties with several Indian nations. True or False

False

When William Pitt became prime minister during the Seven Years' War he

Focused his military strategy on the capture of French Canada

151. America's first entangling alliance was with

France

33. In the peace arrangements that ended the French and Indian War,

France surrendered all of its territorial claims to North America

In the peace arrangements that ended the Seven Years' War

France surrendered all of its territorial claims to North America

Escaped slave and great black abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action

Frederick Douglass

Northern antislavery politicians, like Abraham Lincoln, who rejected radical immediate abolitionism, but fought to prohibit the expansion of slavery in the western territories

Free-Soilers

7. The coureurs de bois were

French fur trappers

The coureurs de bois were

French fur trappers

42. The primary thing that the Acadians and Quebecois believed that bound them together was their

French language

Foreign relations between the U.S. and France deteriorated in the late 1790s over

French seizure of American merchant ships.

25. Unlike the first three Anglo

French wars, the French and Indian War-was fought to initially on the North American continent

Colonial American taverns were all of the following except

Frequented mainly by the lower class

interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor corporations.

Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century

66. A new relationship between Britain and its American colonies was initiated in 1763 when __________ assumed charge of colonial policy.

George Grenville

In the 1864 eleciton, the Democratic party nominated ____________ to oppose Lincoln's reelection

George McClellan

The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were

Gettysburg and Antietam

The "headright" system, which made some people very wealthy, consisted of

Giving the right to acquire fifty acres of land to the person paying the passage of a laborer to America

Author of an abolitionist novel that portrayed the separation of slave families by auction

Harriet Beecher Stowe

The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of

Henry Bessemer

"Civil Disobedience," an essay that later influenced both Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., was written by the transcendentalist

Henry David Thoreau

In 1800, Thomas Jefferson was chosen president by the ______.

House of Representatives

The one branch of the government elected directly by the people is the

House of Representatives

How does the safety valve theory of frontier America explain the role of the West in dampening class conflict in the United States? a. Free western land attracted many immigrants to the West who might otherwise have clogged urban eastern markets and depressed the wages of eastern city dwellers. b. Western farmers tended to be more politically conservative than those in the East and thus less apt to support populist or radical appeals to their economic condition. c. Wealthy western farmers hired many unemployed laborers from eastern cities to reduce unemployment in the East. d. Eastern city dwellers headed to the West for free homesteads during the depression. e. Western cities had less class conflict than those in the East.

In an attempt to avoid prosecution for their corrupt dealings. the owners of Credit Mobilizer a. left the country. b. belatedly started to follow honest business practices. c. sold controlling interest in the company to others. d. tried to gain immunity by testifying before Congress. e. distributed shares of the company's valuable stock to key congressmen.

In an effort to assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following EXCEPT: a. dissolving many tribes as legal entities. b. attempting to make rugged individualists of the Indians. c. abolishing tribal ownership of land. d. promising Indians US citizenship in 25 years. e. outlawing the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance.

the National Labor Union won an eight-hour day for governing workers.

In its efforts on behalf of workers

In post-Civil War America, what was the only reason that Indians voluntarily surrendered their ancestral lands? a. Indians chose to migrate further west from their ancestral lands for superior farming. b. Indians received solemn promises from the federal government that they would be left alone and provided with food, clothing, and supplies on their remaining lands. c. Indians lost mobility when white Americans killed their horses. d. Indians were permitted to control the supply of food, buffalo, and other staples within the reservations. e. Indians traded land to whites for rifles, blankets, food, and medicine.

In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that a. African Americans could be denied the right to vote. b. segregation was unconstitutional. c. "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional. d. the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to African Americans. e. literacy test. for voting were constitutional.

tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor especially attracted textile manufacturing to the "new South."

In the late nineteenth century

In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by "waving the bloody shirt" were reminding voters a. of the "treason" of the Confederate Democrats during the Civil War. b. that the Civil War had been caused by the election of a Republican president. c. of the graft-filled "radical" regimes in the Reconstruction South. d. that radical Republicans catered to freed slaves during Reconstruction. e. of Ku Klux Klan violence against blacks.

In the latter decades of the nineteenth century, it was generally true that the locus of political power was a. Congress. b. the president. c. the federal courts. d. the federal bureaucracy. e. the states.

In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant a. transformed his personal popularity into a large majority in the popular vote. b. owed his victory to the votes of former slaves. c. gained his victory by winning the votes of the majority of whites. d. demonstrated his political skill. e. all of the above.

In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress a. negotiated a restricted-immigration agreement with China. b. did nothing, as it was California's problem. c. banned the Keameyites in San Francisco. d. sent many Chinese back to their homeland. e. passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America.

The immediate reason for Bacon's Rebellion was

Indian attacks on frontier settlements

Wich word best describes England's efforts in the 1500s to compete with the Spanish Empire? - Competitive - Indifferent - Aggressive - Influential - Domineering

Indifferent

All of the following are achievements of Benjamin Franklin except

Influential poetry

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the

Interstate Commerce Commission

C&E: Belief in white superiority and the hope of owning slaves

Kept poor, nonslaveholding whites committed to a system that actually harmed them

What was one of the first lessons learned by the Jeffersonians after their victory in the 1800 presidential election?

It was easier to condemn from the stump than to govern consistently.

banking

J. Pierpont Morgan

interlocking directorate

J. Pierpont Morgan

by placing officers of his bank on the boards of supposedly independent companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as an interlocking directorate.

J.P. Morgan undermined competition

The late- seventeenth-century rebellion in new York was headed by ____________, whereas that in maryland was led by

Jacob Leisler, Protestants

tobacco

James Duke

Great Norther

James J. Hill

The delegate whose contributions to the Philadelphia Convention were so notable that he has been called the "Father of the Constitution" was

James Madison

Georgia grew very slowly for all the following reasons except - Spanish attacks - James Oglethorpe's leadership - its unhealthy climate - early restrictions on black slavery - lack of a plantation economy

James Oglethorpe's leadership

The presidential candidate of the new Constitutional Union party in 1860 was

John Bell.

oil

John D. Rockefeller

trust

John D. Rockefeller

employing spies, extorting rebates from railroads, pursuing a policy of rule or ruin, and using high-pressure sales methods.

John D. Rockefeller used all of the following tactics to achieve his domination of the oil industry:

The earliest know use of the term Manifest Destiny was by:

John L. O'Sullivan

The earliest known use of the term Manifest Destiny was by

John L. O'Sullivan

All of the following were reasons the Senate voted to acquit President Andrew Johnson except

Johnson promised to step down as President.

the root cause of the battle between congress and President Andrew Johnson was

Johnson's personal vulgarity and crude style of campaigning.

162. The Indian chief who fought for the British in New York and Pennsylvania was

Joseph Brant

123. which one of the following is least related to the other three: scalawags OR KKK Or carpetbaggers OR freedmen OR Union League

KKK

the "one big union" that championed producer cooperatives and industrial arbitration

Knights of Labor

Labor unrest during the Hayes administration stemmed from a. agitation by Communist sympathizers. b. the establishment of the Socialist party. c. the collapse of the steel industry. d. competition among rival unions. e. long years of depression and deflation.

Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in a. Congress's passing legislation supporting the formation of unions. b. a ban on Irish immigration. c. the use of federal troops during strikes. d. congressional acts to ban strikes. e. growing middle class support for labor.

In the 1790's a major transportation project linking the East to the trans-Allegheny West was the

Lancaster Turnpike.

Antifederalists believe that the sovereignt of the people resided in which branch of the central government

Legislative

Central Pacific

Leland Standord

Wealthy New York abolitionist merchant whose home was ransacked by a proslavery mob in 1834

Lewis Tappan

African republic founded by freed American slaves in 1822

Liberia

as a result of the Union loss in the Peninsula campaign

Lincoln began to draft the Emancipation Proclamation.

18. New England colonists were outraged when British diplomats returned __________ to France in 1748.

Louisbourg

40. When the Acadians left Canada, they went to

Louisiana

When the acadians left canada they went to

Louisiana

Arrange these events in chronological order: Embargo Act, Louisiana Purchase, Chesapeake incident, Burr's trial for treason.

Louisiana Purchase, Burr's trial for treason, Chesapeake incident, Embargo Act

C&E: The constant abolitionist agitation in the North

Made abolitionists personally unpopular but convinced many Northerners that slavery was a threat to American freedom

In the 1840s, the view that God had ordained the growth of an American nation stretching across N. America was called:

Manifest Destiny

In the 1840s, the view that God had ordained the growth of an American nation stretching across North America was called

Manifest Destiny

textile mills as the only steady jobs and wages available.

Many Southerners saw employment in the

Many religious reformer, federal boarding schools, and the Dawes Act were all focused on the goal of: a. enabling Indians to achieve economic opportunity on the reservations. b. assisting Indians who chose to migrate from the remote reservations to towns and cities. c. helping Indians form an effective pan-Indian alliance beyond their tribal identity. d. undermining Indians' traditional culture and assimilating them into white American culture and society. e. weakening the Bureau of Indian Affairs' monopoly on Indian policy.

Black abolitionist who visited West Africa in 1859 to examine sites where African Americans might relocate

Martin Delany

Match each politician below with the Republican political faction with which he was associated. A.Roscoe Conkling 1. "Half-Breeds" B. James Blaine 2. Stalwarts C. Horace Greeley 3. Regular Republicans D. Ulysses Grant 4. Liberal Republicans a. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-l b. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4 c. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 d. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 e. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

McKinley defeated Bryan primarily because he was able to win the support of: a. white southern farmers. b. eastern wage earners and city dwellers. c. urban and rural blacks. d. former Populists and Greenback Laborites. e. western ranchers and miners.

in the face of devastating diseases, war and dislocation, what strategy did dwindling Native American tribes use to survive? - Adding captive colonists as tribal members to increase their numbers - Converting to Christianity - Poisoning food supplies of colonists encroaching on tribal lands - Merging with other tribes - Embracing the reservation system

Merging with other tribes

The section of the colonies where there was the greatest internal conflict was

Middle colonies

The government of the Confederate States of America was first organized in

Montgomery, Alabama.

for economic necessity.

Most women works of the 1890s worked

President James Madison made a major foreign-policy mistake when he accepted _______.

Napoleon's promise to recognize America's rights.

Classic autobiography written by the leading African American abolitionist

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

Visionary black preacher whose bloody slave rebellion in 1831 tightened the reins of slavery in the South

Nat Turner

161. The "Fighting Quaker" who cleared most of Georgia and South Carolina was

Nathanael Greene

Match each writer below with his work

Nathaniel Hawthorne - The Marble Faun James Fenimore Cooper - The Last of the Mohicans Herman Melville - Moby Dick Henry David Thoreau - Walden

a social-reform union killed by the depression of the 1870s

National Labor Union

Thomas Jefferson once observed that "The best school of political liberty the world ever saw" was the

New England town meeting

113. The Revolutionary War began with fighting in __________; then in 1777&1778, fighting was concentrated in __________; and the fighting concluded in __________.

New England, the middle colonies, and the South

Jefferson had authorized American negotiators to purchase only ____ from France.

New Orleans and the Floridas

174. During the Revolutionary War, the British captured and occupied

New York City, Charleston, and Philadelphia

Most early railroads in the United States were built in the

North.

C&E: The selling of slaves at auctions

Often resulted in the cruel separation of black families

On the issue of the tariff, President Grover Cleveland a. supported high rates. b. advocated a lower rate. c. had no opinion. d. followed the advice of his party. e. favored tariffs on agricultural products.

the movement of people to cities.

One by-product of the development of the railroads was

One cause of the panic that broke in 1873 was a. the reissuance of millions of dollars in greenbacks. b. the construction of more factories than existing markets would bear. c. an extremely high rate of inflation. d. the formation of the Greenback Labor party. e. excessive speculation in mining stocks.

Chinese.

One group barred from membership in the Knights of Labor was

need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock.

One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was the

One of the main reasons that the Chinese came to the United States was to a. dig for gold. b. work on the East Coast. c. replace the newly freed slaves in the South. d. buy their own farms. e. all of the above.

its lack of class-consciousness.`

One of the major reasons the Knights of Labor failed was

One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was a. the parties' differences over economic issues. b. sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties. c. battles between Catholics and Lutherans. d. differences over the issue of the civil service. e. sectional tensions between the Northeast and Midwest.

One result of Republican "hard money" policies was a. a strong dollar against foreign currencies. b. damage to the country's credit rating. c. the return to the "Dollar of Our Daddies," silver dollars, as the dominant coin in circulation. d. the defeat of a Democratic House of Representatives in 1874. e. the formation of the Greenback Labor party.

One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City's infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was a. the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast. b. federal income tax evasion charges. c. the RlCO racketeering act. d. New York City's ethics laws. e. granting immunity to Tweed's cronies in exchange for testimony.

C&E: Politically minded abolitionists like Frederick Douglass

Opposed Garrison and organized the Liberty party and the Free Soil party

73. Colonists objected to the Stamp Act because

Parliament passed the tax, not the colonists

Mataching Plymouth Connecticut Massachusetts 1) General Court 2) May flower Compact 3) Fundamental Orders

Plymouth- 2 Connecticut-3 Massachusetts-1

Match Predestination conversion antinomianism 1)belief that from the moment of creation some souls were "saved" and others "damned" 2)the sign of receipt of god's free gift of saving grace 3)belief that those who God had marked for salvation need not obey secular laws

Predestination-1 conversion- 2 antinomianism-3

President Grover Cleveland aroused widespread public anger by his action of a. vetoing the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act. b. using federal troops to suppress Populist demonstrations. c. taking the United States off the gold standard. d. borrowing $65 million in gold from J.P. Morgan's banking syndicate. e. wasting the federal surplus on pork-barrel spending.

President James A. Garfield was assassinated a. as a result of his service in the Civil War. b. because he was a Stalwart Republican. c. because he opposed civil-service reform. d. by a deranged, disappointed office seeker. e. by a political anarchist.

Kansas Territory's Lecompton Constitution was supported by

President James Buchanan and proslavery settlers in Kansas.

President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 because a. the Democrats and Liberal Republicans could not decide on a single candidate. b. he promised reforms in the political system. c. he pleaded for a clasping of hands across "the bloody chasm" between the North and South. d. his opponents chose a poor candidate for the presidency. e. federal troops still controlled the South.

While slavery might have begun in American for economic reasons

Race was rarely an issue in relations between blacks and whites

The 1759 Battle of Quebec

Ranks as one of the most significant victories in British and American History

One feature common to all of the eventually rebellious colonies was their

Rapidly growing populations

The first English attempt at colonization in 1585 was in - Roanoke Island - St. Augustine - Massachusetts Bay - Jamestown - Newfoundland

Roanoke Island

The "Father of the Factory System" in the United States was

Samuel Slater.

2. The soldier and explorer whose leadership earned him the title "Father of New France"was

Samuel de Champlain

The soldier and explorer whose leadership earned him the title "Father of New France" was

Samuel de Champlain

Arrange the following in chronological order

Slidell mission reject, American troops ordered to the Rio Grande Valley, declaration of war on Mexico, Bear Flag revolt

New York free black woman who fought for emancipation and women's rights

Sojourner Truth

one of the most important byproducts of the war of 1812 was

a heightened spirit of nationalism

The physical and social conditions of slavery were harshest in

South Carolina

The religious zeal of the Second Great Awakening led to the founding of many small, denominational, liberal arts colleges, chiefly in the

South and West

Thomas Jefferson received the bulk of his support from what sections of the country?

South and West

The first Old World Europeans to come to California were:

Spanish

71. Unlike the __________ Act, the __________ Act and the __________ Act were both indirect taxes on trade goods arriving in American ports.

Stamp, Sugar

Which of the following pairs of items are not directly related to each other

State's rights: loose construction

Match each American officer below with his theater of command in the Mexican War

Stephen W. Kearny-Santa Fe, Zachary Taylor-northern Mexico, Winfield Scott-Mexico City, John C. Fremont-California

C&E: Garrison's Liberator and Nat Turner's bloody slave rebellion

Stirred a fervent abolitionist commitment to fight the sin of slavery

68. The first law ever passed by Parliament for raising tax revenues in the colonies for the crown was the

Sugar Act

138. Which of the following fates befell Loyalists after the Revolutionary War?

all of the above

All of the following were reasons why Britain was intensely interested in an independent Texas except

Texas could become a location for the settlement of undesirable British emigrants

Arrange the following in chronological order

Texas, Oregon, California

The line across the southern boundary of Pennsylvania that formed the boundary between free states and slave states in the East

That Mason-Dixon Line

The "Billion-Dollar Congress" quickly disposed of rising government surpluses by a. providing subsidies to wheat, corn, and cotton farmers. b. building an expensive new steel navy. c. expanding pensions for Civil War veterans. d. cutting tariffs and other taxes. e. increasing spending on railroads and other transportation projects.

associated godliness with riches encouraged many millionaires to help the poor.

The "gospel of wealth," which

152. America's alliance with France was accepted by the American people with

all of the above

The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for a. its emphasis on issues. b. low voter turnout. c. its personal attacks on the two candidates. d. a landslide victory for the reform-minded Republicans. e. its virtual tie in the electoral college.

The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to a. take a competitive examination. b. present a written recommendation from a congressman or senator. c. agree to make financial contributions to their political party. d. pledge independence from either major political party. e. have a college degree.

Organization founded in 1817 to transport American blacks back to Africa

The American Colonization Society

Spanish slave ship, seized by revolting African slaves, that led to a dramatic U.S. Supreme court case that freed the slaves

The Amistad

The Chinese word tong means a. criminal organization. b. meeting hall. c. labor union. d. family. e. cooking utensil.

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in a. a renewal of the Republican commitment to protect black civil rights in the South. b. the withdrawal of federal troops from the South. c. the election of a Democrat to the presidency. d. passage of the Bland-Allison Silver Purchase Act. e. a plan to build the first transcontinental railroad.

The Credit Mobilier scandal involved a. public utility company bribes. b. Bureau of Indian Affairs payoffs. c. railroad construction kickbacks. d. evasion of excise taxes on distilled liquor. e. manipulating the Wall Street stock market.

154. When the alliance with France was formalized, the Americans were able to

all of the above

giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments.

The Fourteenth Amendment was especially helpful to

The Seven Years' war also known in America as

The French and Indian War

Strict rule passed by pro-southern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives

The Gag Resolution

The Indians of the western plains offered strong resistance to white expansion through their effective use of: a. artillery and infantry tactics. b. Canada and Mexico as safe havens from which to conduct airfare. c. nighttime and winter campaigning. d. eastern journalists and artists to publicize their cause. e. superb horsemanship and mobility.

that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when labor would own and operate businesses and industries.

The Knights of Labor believed

could be preserved from corrupt monopolies by strengthening the economical and political independence of the workers.

The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions

The group of theology students, led by Theodore Dwight Weld, who were expelled from their seminary for the abolitionist activity and later became leading preachers of the anti-slavery gospel

The Lane Rebels

The clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of

The Ohio River Valley

156. French aid to the colonies

all of the above

at first primarily used to curb the power of railroad corporations.

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was

cheap labor.

The South's major attraction for potential investors was

the major rail lines decreed common fixed times so that they could keep their schedules to avoid wrecks.

The United States changed to standard time zones when

38. The disunity that existed in the colonies before the French and Indian War can be attributed to

all of the above

The early Populist campaign to create a coalition of white and black farmers ended in a. a racist backlash that eliminated black voting in the South. b. the transformation of Tom Watson into a fervent civil rights leader. c. an alignment of wealthy "Bourbon" whites with moderate blacks. d. the breakdown of segregation in areas outside southern cities. e. the emergence of Republican political power in the South.

The federal government's attempt to confine Indians to certain areas through formal treaties was largely ineffective because: a. the nomadic Plains Indians largely rejected the idea of formal authority and defined territory. b. Congress refused to ratify treaties signed with the Indians. c. the treaties made no effective provisions for enforcement. d. the largest tribe, the Sioux, refused to sign any treaties with the whites. e. the Indians repeatedly broke out of the proposed reservations and resumed open warfare.

the Interstate Commerce Commission.

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was

kerosene.

The first major product of the oil industry was

The four states completely carried by the Populists in the election of 1892 were a. Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota. b. Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois. c. Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Kansas. d. Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont. e. Kansas, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada.

the railroad network.

The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was

women.

The group most affected by the new industrial age was

For those Africans who were sold into Slavery, the "middle Passage" can be best described as

The gruesome ocean voyage to America

a romantic ideal of the independent and athletic "new woman."

The image of the "Gibson Girl" represented

The legal codes that established the system of segregation were a. found only in the North. b. called Jim Crow laws. c. overturned by Plessy v. Ferguson. d. undermined by the crop lien system. e. passed during Reconstruction.

William Lloyd Garrison's fervent abolitionist newspaper that preached an immediate end to slavery

The liberator

The major campaign issue of the 1888 presidential election was a. civil-service reform. b. the big trust question. c. the currency question. d. foreign policy. e. tariff policy.

The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on a. who would be Speaker of the House. b. the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. c. Samuel Tilden's association with corrupt politicians. d. President Grant's campaign for a third term. e. failure to use the secret "Australian ballot" in some places.

the American Federation of Labor.

The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was

75. Actions taken by the colonists that helped them unite include

all of the above

the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with land grants.

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in

The population growth of the American colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly to

The natural fertility of all Americans

the invention of the internal combustion engine.

The oil industry became a huge business with

the Great Northerner.

The only transcontinental railroad built without government aid was

argues that these men built their corporate wealth and power by exploiting workers.

The people who found fault with the "captains of industry" mostly

The presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes opened with a. a peaceful labor scene. b. increased overseas expansion. c. scenes of class warfare. d. charges of corruption. e. improved race relations.

The political developments of the 1890s were largely shaped by a. the widespread prosperity and federal budget surpluses. b. America's growing involvement in overseas conflicts. c. the most severe and extended economic depression up to that time. d. the growing black rebellion against segregation and racial oppression. e. the deadlock among Republicans, Democrats, and Populists in Congress.

The populist party sought to win farmers' and labor's political support by endorsing all of the following EXCEPT: a. nationalizing the railroads, telephone, and telegraph. b. a prohibition on court injunctions against labor strikes. c. free coinage of silver. d. low tariff rates. e. a graduated income tax.

The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s a. were all won by Republicans. b. involved charismatic personalities. c. were rarely close. d. usually involved sharp partisan differences over issues like currency policy and civil-service reform. e. aroused great interest among voters.

The problem of sustaining agreiculture in the arid West was solved most successfully through: a. concentrating agriculture in the more fertile mountain valleys. b. the use of small-scale family farms rather than large bonanza farms. c. the use of irrigation from dammed western rivers. d. the turn to desert crops like olives and dates. e. revising the Homestead Act to give away free farms of 640 acres instead of the inadequate 160 acres.

The railroad strike of 1877 started when a. President Hayes refused to use troops to keep the trains running. b. the four largest railroads cut salaries by ten percent. c. working hours were cut back by the railroad companies. d. the railroad workers refused to cross the picket lines of cargo loaders. e. the railroads tried to hire Chinese workers.

The safety valve theory of the frontier claims that: a. Americans were able to divert the most violent elements of the population to the West. b. the conflict between farmers and ranchers was relieved by the Homestead Act. c. class and labor conflict in America was alleviated because eastern workers could always migrate to the West and become independent farmers. d. political movements such as the Populists provided relief for the most serious grievances of western farmers. e. the wide-open spaces of the West provided an arena where Americans' attachment to guns and violence could be pusued without threatening the social fabric.

77. Colonial protest against the Stamp Act took the form of

all of the above

The sequence of presidential terms of the "forgettable presidents" of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland's two non-consecutive terms) was a. Cleveland, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Garfield. b. Garfield, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Cleveland. c. Cleveland, Garfield, Arthur, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland. d. Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland. e. Hayes, Garfield, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Cleveland.

owed much to the inventive genius of Henry Bessemer.

The steel industry

The warfare that led up to the Battle of the Little Big Horn was set off by: a. white intrusion into the previously reserved Indian territory of Oklahoma. b. Indian attacks on the transcontinental railroad construction crews. c. the Indians' defeat and killing of Captain William Fetterman's entire military unit in Montana. d. a conflict over the interpretation of the second Treaty of Fort Laramie. e. white intrusions into the Indians' sacred Black Hills after the discovery of gold there.

Leader of the Lane Rebels who wrote the powerful antislavery work American Slavery As It Is

Theodore Dwight Weld

Which of the following was not characteristic of the few thousand wealthiest southern plantation owners holding a hundred or more slaves?

They did not permit their wives to have any role in managing their slaves and plantations

Which of the following Revolutionary leaders was NOT present at the Constitutional convention?

Thomas Jefferson

Match each individual below with his or her achievement

Thomas Jefferson - architect of the University of Virginia Gilbert Stuart - transcendentalist editor of The Dial Louisa May Alcott - author of Little Women Margaret Fuller - portrait artist from Rhode Island

The idea of free public education as an essential component of American democracy grew in the early nineteenth century with the influence of

Thomas Jefferson and Horace Mann

the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to avoid corporate regulation by the states.

To help corporations

American colonists sought trade with countries other than Great Britain

To make money to buy what they wanted in Britain

C&E: Whitney's cotton gin and southern frontier expansionism

Turned the South into a booming one-crop economy where "cotton was king"

Which of the following was not one of the Reconstruction era constitutional amendments

Twelfth

The disunity that existed in the colonies before the seven years war can be attributed to

all of the above

The great awakening

all of the above

The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, ending the Mexican War, included:

U.S. payment of $15 million for the cession of northern Mexico

Harriet Beecher Stowe's powerful 1852 novel that focused on slavery's cruel effects in separating black family members from one another

Uncle Tom's Cabin

The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildago, ending the Mexican War, included

United States payment of $15 million for the cession of northern Mexico

By 1700, the most populous colony in English America was

Virginia

the first and only ex-confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866 and thus be immediately readmitted to the Union under congressional Reconstruction was

Virginia

the struggle for divorce between religion and government proved fiercest in

Virginia

The Poet Laureate of Democracy, whose emotional and explicit writings expressed a deep love of the masses and enthusiasm for an expanding America, was

Walt Whitman

New England patrician and Garrison follower whose eloquent attacks on slavery earned him the title "abolition's golden trumpet"

Wendell Phillips

the major issue that delayed ratification of the Articles of Confederation concerned

Western lands

What was the most important role played by the mining frontier? a. Bringing law and order to the West b. Rescuing the intensity of conflict between whites and Indians. c. Enabling the government to go off the gold standard d. Ensuring that the mining industry would remain in the hands of independent small businessmen e. Attracting substantial white population and wealth to the West

When he was president, Grover Cleveland's hands-off approach to government gained the support of a. Civil War prisoners. b. the Great Army of the Republic. c. farmers. d. workers. e. businesspeople.

too risky without government help, too costly without government help, private investors would not accept initial financial losses, and impossible to serve military and postal needs without government help.

When private railroad promoters asked the United States government for subsidies to build their railroads, they gave all of the following reasons:

Which of the following did late-nineteenth-century farmers believe to be most responsible for their difficult economic circumstances? a. low tariff rates b. overproduction c. a deflated currency d. an inflated currency e. excessive government regulation of the economy

Which of the following was NOT a feature of the end of the third party system and its replacement by a fourth party system after the pivotal election of 1896: a. the weakening of strong, patronage-driven political associations. b. the end of razor-thin elections and the beginning of an era of Republican domination. c. the rise of third parties that threatened to replace either the Democrats or Republicans as a major party. d. the decline of the money issue that had dominated American politics since the Civil War. e. gradual decline in voter participation in politics and elections.

Which of the following was NOT a serious obstacle or difficulty encountered by families seeking to farm in the frontier West? a. insufficient quantities of acreage for productive farming in the rain-scarce Great Plains offered for sale through the Homestead Act b. land-grabbing promoters and speculators obtaining the most attractive land for farming c. inhospitable soil and inadequate available technology for farming the prairie sod of the Great Plains d. financial setbacks brought on by periodic severe droughts in the prairie West. e. unscrupulous corporations using dummy homesteaders to obtain the best land

Which of the following was NOT among the factors that finally led to the defeat of the Plains Indians and their confinement to reservations: a. the federal government's willingness to deploy unrelenting military force. b. the constant political infighting among the Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Apache tribes. c. the destruction of the buffalo upon which the Indian way of life depended. d. the railroads' intrusive penetration of Indian lands. e. the Indians' vulnerability to white people's diseases and liquor.

Which of the following was NOT among the political goals advocated by the Populist party in the 1890s: a. nationalizing the railroad, telegraph, and telephone. b. creation of a national system of unemployment insurance and old-age pensions. c. a graduated income tax. d. free and unlimited coinage of silver money. e. federally-owned warehouses where farmers could store their grain until prices rose.

Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist Party in their convention of 1892? a. government ownership of the railroads, telephone, and telegraph b. free and unlimited coinage of silver in the ratio of 16 to 1 c. a one-tern limit on the presidency d. government guarantees of "parity prices" for farmers e. immigration restrictions

Which one of the following Gilded Age presidents had a different party affiliation from the other four? a. Ulysses S. Grant b. Rutherford Hayes c. Grover Cleveland d. Benjamin Harrison e. Chester Arthur

Which one of the following is least related to the other three? a. Jim Fisk b. "Black Friday" c. Jay Gould d. "Ohio Idea" e. Wall Street gold market

Which one of these factors did NOT make the trans-Mississippi West a unique part of the American frontier experience: a. the large-scale engagement and struggle between white Anglo and Hispanic cultures. b. the problem of applying new technologies in a hostile wilderness. c. the scale and severity of environmental challenges in an arid environment. d. the large role of the federal government in economic and social development. e. the final military defeat of American Indians and their continuing substantial presence in the region.

The Proclamation of 1763 was designed mainly to

Work out a fair settlement of the Indian Problem

Why were Americans disturbed when the superintendent of the census announced in 1890 that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible? a. Americans now knew that the Homestead Act would no longer provide them with adequate amounts of cheap, hospitable western lands to farm. b. Americans believed that this declaration meant a renewal of the Indian wars. c. The promise of an endlessly open and vacant West, an element of America's mythological history from its beginnings, was now over. d. Americans feared that this development would strengthen the political power of the Populists and radical political parties. e. It meant that a renewal of political tensions and warfare with Mexico was inevitable.

C&E: The religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening

Widened the moral and political gap between the white South and the rest of the Western world

The leader who helped the Pilgrims survive was

William Bradford

William Jennings Bryan gained the Democratic nomination in 1896 because he strongly advocated: a. unlimited coinage of silver in order to inflate the currency. b. higher tariffs in order to protect the American farmer. c. government ownership of the railroads and the telegraph system. d. a coalition between white and black farmers in the South and Midwest. e. enlisting President Cleveland and other conservative Democrats in the reform cause.

Leading radical abolitionist who burned the Constitution as "a covenant with death and an agreement with hell"

William Lloyd Garrison

Which one of the following is least related to the other four?

William Miller

British evangelical Christian reformer who in 1833 achieved the emancipation of slaves in the British West Indies

William Wilberforce

With the passage of the Pendleton Act, politicians now sought money from a. new immigrants. b. civil-service workers. c. the small army of factory workers whom they now had to mobilize. d. foreign contributors. e. big corporations.

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about Iroquois society? - When a man married, he moved into the home of his wife and her family - Women dominated Iroquois society - Two families would live together in one longhouse - All men's connections and positions of prominence came from the maternal line - Five nations joined together to form the Iroquois Confederacy but maintained their independence

Women dominated Iroquois society

Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly by

Young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land

That a "talented tenth" of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of [A] W. E. B. Du Bois. [B] Ida B. Wells. [C] Paul Laurence Dunbar. [D] George Washington Carver. [E] Booker T. Washington.

[A] W. E. B. Du Bois.

General Lewis Wallace's book Ben Hur [A] achieved success only after his death. [B] was based on a popular early movie. [C] detailed Wallace's experiences in the Civil War. [D] defended Christianity against Darwinism. [E] emphasized that virtue, honesty, and hard work were rewarded by success.

[D] defended Christianity against Darwinism.

Neal Dow sponsored the Maine Law of 1851, which called for

a ban on the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor

One major consequence of the outlawing of the international slave trade by Britain and the United States was

a boom in slave trading inside the United States

one result of the victories of the American navy was

a british naval blockade of the united states

Most of the early abolitionists were motivated by

a desire to send African Americans back to Africa

the white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as

a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset the white racial dominance

Uncle Tom's Cabin may be described as

a powerful political force.

The aspect of Hamilton's financial program that received the least support in Congress was

a protective tariff

post war of 1812 nationalism could be seen in all of the following except

a revival of american religion

One consequence of General William T. Sherman's style of warfare was

a shorter war that saved lives.

A major economic consequence of the transportation and marketing revolutions was

a steady improvement in average wages and standards of living.

the outcome of the war of 1812 was

a stimulus to patriotic nationalism in the united states

Thomas Jefferson saw his election and his mission to oppose the establishment of _______.

a strong army

Religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening resulted in

a strong religious influence in many areas of American life

111. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) fighting at Lexington and Concord, (B) convening of the Second Continental Congress, (C) publication of Common Sense, (D) adoption of the Declaration of Independence.

a, b, c, d

Black leader, Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois a. demanded complete equality for African Americans. b. established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama. c. supported the goals of Booker T. Washington. d. was an ex-slave who rose to fame. e. None of these

a. demanded complete equality for African Americans.

After the Civil War, the plentiful supply of unskilled labor in the United States a. helped to build the nation into an industrial giant. b. was not a significant force, because industrialization required skilled workers. c. came almost exclusively from rural America. d. increasingly found work in agriculture. e. was almost entirely native born.

a. helped to build the nation into an industrial giant.

By the 1850s, the crusade for women's rights was eclipsed by

abolitionism

In president Andrew Johnson's view, the Freedmen's bureau was

acceptable only because it also helped poor whites

27. The long range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to

achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat

The long-range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to

achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat

Stephen A. Douglas argued in his Freeport Doctrine during the Lincoln-Douglas debates that

action by territorial legislatures could keep slavery out of the territories.

The Half-Way Covenant

admitted to baptism but not full membership the unconverted children of existing members

Compared with most seventeenth-century Europeans, Americans Lived in

affluent abundance

the fate of the defeated Confederate leaders was that

after brief jail terms all were pardoned in 1868

President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction

aimed at swift restoration of the Southern states after a few basic conditions were met.

The Articles of Confederation were finally approved when

all states claiming western lands surrendered them to the national government.

4. Government in New France (Canada) was

almost completely autocratic

The African American family under slavery was

almost nonexistent

Nativists in the 1850s were known for their

anti-Catholic and antiforeign attitudes.

Those people most opposed to President K. Polk's expansionist program were the:

antislavery forces

The Great Compromise at the consitutional convention worked out an acceptable scheme for

apportioning congressional representation.

The colony of Georgia was founded - to supply New England with much- needed African slaves - in the seventieth century - by a joint -stock company - by eight proprietors chosen by Charles II - as a defensive buffer against Spain for the valuable Carolinas

as a defensive buffer against Spain for the valuable Carolinas

The condition of the 500,000 or so free blacks was

as bad or worse in the North than in the South

The United States changed to standard time zones when a. Congress passed a law establishing this system. b. the major rail lines decreed the division of the continent into four time zones so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks. c. factories demanded standard time schedules. d. long-distance telephones required standard time coordination. e. all of the above.

b. the major rail lines decreed the division of the continent into four time zones so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks.

The Lecompton Constitution proposed that the state of Kansas have

black bondage regardless of whether the document was approved or not.

in 1865, Southern

blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity.

Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when

blacks showed they could defend their rights without federal intervention

During the civil war

blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued

As Secretary of The Treasury, Alexander Hamilton's first objective was to

bolster the national credit

the franco-American alliance of 1778

bound the U.S. to help the French defend their West Indies.

The British-American dispute over the border of Maine was solved

by a compromise that gave each side some territory

After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following except

by passing the confederate capital at Richmond.

The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolies

by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers

George B. McClellan is best described as

cautious

One reason that the U.S. avoided the frightful excesses of the French Revolution is that

cheap land was easily available.

one of the demands made by the west to help it to grow was

cheap money

The largest southern-based monopolistic corporation was the one founded by James Duke to produce

cigarettes

the fourteenth Amendment guaranteed

citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves

129. Most Americans considered which of the following to be fundamental for any successful republican government?

civi virtue

The panic of 1857 resulted in

clamor for a higher tariff.

123. In a republic, power

comes from the people themselves by way of representatives

That the southern states were conquered provinces" that had completely left the Union and were therefore at the mercy of Congress for readmission was the view of

congressional Republicans

clement L. Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and vocal opponent of the war, was dirisively labled a

copperhead

Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor

corporations

By 1840, cotton had become central to the whole American economy because

cotton exports provided much of the capital that fueled American economic growth

Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of the

cotton gin.

Compared with canals, railroads

could be built almost anywhere.

in diplomatic and economic terms, the war of 1812

could be considered the second war for american independence

Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified. A. Andrew Carnegie 1. steel B. John D. Rockefeller 2. oil C. J. Pierpont Morgan 3. tobacco D. James Duke 4. banking a. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 b. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 c. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 d. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 e. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

d. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

The South's major attraction for potential investors was a. readily available raw materials. b. a warm climate. c. good transportation. d. cheap labor. e. ethnic diversity.

d. cheap labor.

15. During a generation of peace following the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, Britain provided its American colonies with

decades of salutary neglect

During a generation of peace following the 1713 Traty of Utrecht, Britain provided its American colonies with

decades of salutary neglect

The case of Marbury v. Madison involved the question of who had the right to ____.

declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.

Thomas Jefferson ceased his opposition to the expansion of the navy when the Pasha of Tripoli _____

declared war on the United States.

88. The Quebec Act

denied Quebec a representative assembly and trial by jury

"Lame-duck" President James Buchanan believed that the Constitution

did not authorize him to force southern states to stay in the Union.

Which of the following prominent post-Civil War writers did not reflect the increased attention to social problems by those from less affluent backgrounds? a. Mark Twain b. William Dean Howells c. Stephen Crane d. Kate Chopin e. Henry Adams

e. Henry Adams

Most women workers in the 1890s worked for

economic necessity

Most women workers of the 1890s worked for

economic necessity

59. The first Navigation Laws were designed to

eliminate Dutch shippers from the American carrying trade

the Civil War resulted in which of the following

expanded federal powers of taxation + the end of nullification and secession + the creation of the first federal social welfare agency + the end of slavery

122. One purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to

explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted

164. During the Revolution, the frontier saw much fighting, which

failed to stem the tide of westward moving pioneers

44. In a sense, the history of the United States began with the

fall of Quebec and Montreal

In a sense, the history of the United States began with the

fall of Quebec and Montreal

Even though they owned no slaves, most southern whites strongly supported the slave system because they

felt racially superior to blacks and hoped to be able to buy slaves

Most southern slaveowners had

fewer than ten slaves

The Scots-Irish can best be described as

fiercely independent

The New England economy depended heavily on

fishing, shipbuilding, and commerce

john marshalls ruling upheld a defense of property rights against public pressure in

fletcher v. peck

99. African Americans during the Revolutionary War

fought for both the Americans and the British

32. The 1759 Battle of Quebec

franks as one of the most significant victories in British and American history

128. Examples of colonial experience with self

governance, which prepared Americans for a republic, included all of the following except-militia service

All of the following gave rise to a more dynamic, market-oriented, national economy in early nineteenth-century America except

government regulation of all major economic industry.

When the war with Mexico began, President James K. Polk

hoped to fight a limited war, ending with he conquest of California

When the war with Mexico began, President James K. Polk:

hoped to fight a limited war, ending with the conquest of California

The Chesapeake incident involved the flagrant use of _______.

impressment

In colonial America, education was most zealously promoted

in New England

172. American colonists had experience with republicanism

in new england town meetings, in the committees of correspondence

The Dominion of New England

included all of the New England colonies, was created by the English government to streamline the administration of its colonies, was designed to bolster colonial defense, eventually included New Jersey and New York

The plantation system of the Cotton South was

increasingly monopolistic

English yeomen who agreed to exchange their labor temporarily in return for payment of their passage to American colony were called

indentured servants

The Indians who had the greets opportunity to adapt to the European incursion were - those in Latin America - the Pueblos - inland tribes such as the Algonquians - those living on the Atlantic seaboard - those in Florida

inland tribes such as the Algonquians

the british attack on baltimore

inspired the writing of "the star spangled banner"

The New England Indians' only hope in resisting English encroachment lay in

inter-tribal unity against the English

J.P. Morgan undermined competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of supposedly independent companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n)

interlocking dictorate

Even though the Force Acts and the Union Army helped suppress the KKK, the secret organization largely achieved its central goal of

intimidating blacks and undermining them politically

82. The tax on tea was retained when the Townshend Acts were repealed because

it kept alive the principle of parliamentary taxation

64. Despite the benefits of the mercantile system, the American colonists disliked it because

it kept them in a state of perpetual economic adolescence

The jury's decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a Newspaper printer, was significant because

it pointed the way to open public discussion

the Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because

it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade; it coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the confederacy was irretrievably lost; It helped to quell Northern Peace agitation; It cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana.

114. George Washington's selection to lead the colonial army was

largley politcal

federalist strongly supported

law and order.

The ___________ decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates - laws of primogeniture - treaty of the elders - laws of inheritance - joint-stock companies - ancestry laws

laws of primogeniture

In ruling on the Dred Scott case, the United States Supreme Court expected to

lay to rest the issue of slavery in the territories

Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at bull Run would

lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond.

When it came to the major Federalist economic programs, Thomas Jefferson as president ________.

left practically all of them intact.

By the early eighteenth century, religion in colonial America was

less fervid than when the colonies were established

the rush-bagot agreement

limited naval armaments on the great lakes

In order to purchase New Orleans from France, Thomas Jefferson decided to _____.

make an alliance with his old enemy, Britain.

john marshall uttered his famous legal dictum that"the power to tax involvces the power to destroy" in

mcculloch v. maryland

The most honored profession in Early colonial society was

ministry

the first state entirely west of the mississippi river to be carved out of the louisianna territory was

missouri

Most of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention could be best be labeled

nationalists

The central plank of the Know-Nothing party in the 1856 election was

nativism.

The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called

nativism.

The great increase of the slave population in the first half of the nineteenth century was largely due to

natural reproduction

Thomas Jefferson's first major foreign-policy decision was to send a ______.

naval squadron to the Mediterranean.

The group most supportive of gaining control of all the Oregon Country was the:

northern Democrats

A large portion of the profits from the South's cotton growing went to

northern traders and European cloth manufacturers

86. The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was

not the only such pretest to occur

Forced separation of spouses, parents, and children was most common

on small plantations and in the upper South

100. Regarding American independence,

only a select minority supported independence with selfless devotion

when moving into the old northwest, settles from the north wanted to do all of hte following except

oppose increased taxes to fund their programs

one of the major causes of hte panic of 1819 was

overspeculation in frontier lands

93. As the War for Independence began, Britain had the advantage of

overwhelming nation wealth and naval power

During the early years of colonization of the New World, England

paid little attention to its colonies

147. After the humiliating defeat at Saratoga in 1777, the British Parliament

passed a bill that offered americans home rule

Radical Reconstruction state governments

passed much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms.

The clash between Preston S. Brooks and Charles Sumner revealed the fact that

passions over slavery were becoming dangerously inflamed in both North and South.

Ireland's great export in the 1840s was

people.

105. Colonists disliked the new British policy of trying accused tax

policy offenders in admiralty courts because the offenders-would be assumed guilty unless they could prove themselves innocent, and would not receive a jury trail

Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called

pools

andrew jacksons military exploits were instrumental in the united states gaining

possession of florida

New England reformer Dorothea Dix is more notable for her efforts on behalf of

prison and asylum reform

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act prohibited

private corporations or organizations from engaging in "combinations in restraint of trade"

the Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it

probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the confederacy

In Jay's Treaty, the British

promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest.

The Second Great Awakening tended to

promote religious diversity

Frederick Douglass and some other black and white abolitionists sought to end slavery by

promoting antislavery political movements like the Free Soil and Republican parties

The decision rendered in the Dred Scott case was applauded by

proslavery southerners.

The 1860 Republican Party platform favored

protective tariffs, construction of a transcontinental railroad, free homesteads, and nonextension of slavery.

In the case of Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company vs. Illinois, the U.S. Supreme Court held that state legislatures could not regulate railroads because

railroads were interstate businesses and could not be regulated by any single state

One of the goals of the child-centered family of the 1800s was to

raise independent individuals.

Thomas Jefferson was elected president by the House of Representatives when a few Federalists ______.

refrained from voting

51. When it came to the Revolution, it could be said that the American colonists were

reluctant revolutionaries

Unlike the seperatists, the Puritians

remained members of the Church of England

When the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, George Washington and the American government

remained neutral

As written documents, the state constitutions were intended to

represent a fundamental law superior to ordinary legislation

One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it

represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business

The Virginia Charter guaranteed that English settlers in the New World would - retain the rights of Englishmen - enjoy freedom of religion - be entitled to establish a separate government from that of England - receive land parcels of 40 acres each - conduct trade only with England and those countries approved by the British government

retain the rights of Englishmen

after the war of 1812 europe

returned to conservatism,liberalism, and reaction

The population of the Chesapeake colonies throughout the first half of the seventeenth century was notable for its

scarcity of women

all of the following were results of the missouri compromise except that

sectionalism was reduced

133. Americans who opposed independence for the colonies were labeled __________ or __________, and the independence

seeking Patriots were also known as __________.-Loyalists, Tories, Whigs

African American who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War

served bravely and suffered extremely heavy casualties

The ___ Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments

seventeenth

As a result of the panic of 1837

several states defaulted on their debts to Britain

As a result of the panic of 1837:

several states defaulted on their debts to Britain

116. The colonial army eventually lost the Battle of Bunker Hill because its troops were

short on gunpowder

125. Thomas Paine argued that all government officials

should derive their authority from popular consent

The political career of Abraham Lincoln could best be described as

slow to get off the ground.

Most of the cotton produced in the American South after the invention of the cotton gin was

sold to England.

94. All of the following were weaknesses of the British military during the War for Independence except

solders who were incapable of fighting effectively

The nomination of James K. Polk as the Democrats' 1844 presidential candidate was secured by

southern expansionists

The nomination of James K. Polk as the Democrats' 1844 presidential candidate was secured by:

southern expansionists

45. With the defeat of Chief Pontiac and his alliance, the British decided to

stabilize Indian white relations

Macon's Bill No. 2 permitted trade with all nations but promised that if either Britain or France lifted its commercial restrictions on American trade, the United States would ____.

stop trading with the other.

The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of

strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union.

The Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans presented themselves as believers in _____.

strict constructionism, pro-agarian, political and economic liberty, states' rights

139. All of the following fates befell colonial Loyalists except

subjection to a reign of terror

George Catlin advocated

the preservation of nature as a national policy.

The Wilmot Proviso

symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories

The Wilmot Proviso:

symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories

During an 1837 Canadian rebellion against Britain:

the U.S. imprisoned several American violators of neutrality

Reconstruction might have been more successful if

the U.s. army had more quickly suppressed the KKK

As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign

the Union turned to a strategy of total war.

55. The "radical whigs" feared

the arbitrary power of the monarchy

the 1796 presidential campaign focused heavily on

the candidates' personalities.

166. After the British defeat at Yorktown,

the fighting continued fore more than a year

Opposition by Thomas Jefferson and james Madison to the financial plan of Alexander Hamilton resulted in

the formation of permanent political parties

As a result of General Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne

the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian Attack

29. As a result of General Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne,

the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian attack

As the new continental market economy grew,

the home came to be viewed as a refuge from the workday world.

The United States changed to standard time zones when

the major rail line decreed common fixed times so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks

Thomas Jefferson was conscience-stricken about the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France because he believed _______.

the purchase was unconstitutional

22. The French and Indian War was also known in Europe as

the seven years war

The incident that caused the clash between congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was

the south's regaining control of the Senate.

Thomas Jefferson favored a political system in which

the states retained the majority of political power.

Thomas Jefferson appealed to all of the following groups except

the upper class.

Unitarians held the following beliefs except

they believed in a stern and Puritan type of God

160. Some Indian nations joined the British during the Revolutionary War because

they believed that a British victory would restrain American expansion in to the West

democratic-republicans opposed henry clays american system because

they believed that it was unconstitutional

137. Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for all of the following reasons except

they believed the british would preserve religious toleration

As a result of the Revolution, many state capitals were relocated westward

to get them away from the haughty eastern seaports.

To guard American shores, Thomas Jefferson constructed ______.

two hundred tiny gunboats

In the 1866 congressional elections

voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction.

during Reconstruction, African American women assumed new political roles which included all of the following except

voting

the black Codes provided for all of the following except

voting by blacks

the era of good feelings

was a troubled period

The summoning of Virginia's House of Burgesses marked an important precedent because it - was abolished by King James I - was the first of many miniature parliaments to flourish in America - allowed the seating of nonvoting Native Americans - forced King James I to revoke the colony's royal charter and grant it self- government

was the first of many miniature parliaments to flourish in America

Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793

was based on calculations of American self-interest.

Urban development in the colonial South

was slow to emerge

61. The British Crown's "royal veto" of colonial legislation

was used sparingly by the British Parliament

As a substitute for the wage-incentive system, slaveowners most often used the

whip as a motivator

A primary motive for the formation of the Ku Klux Klan was

white resentment of the ability and success of black legislators.

All of the following were legal questions raised as a result of the new market economy except

who should own the new transportation network?

The Second Great Awakening tended to

widen the lines between classes and regions

The war hawks demanded war with Britain because they wanted to _____.

wipe out Indian resistance; defend American rights; revenge impressment; gain more territory

The group most affected by the new industrial age was

women

The group whose lives were most dramatically altered by the new industrial age was

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