APUSH Chapter 16

The voice of white southern abolitionist fell silent at the beginning of the 1810s. 1820s. 1830s. 1840s. 1850s.

1830s

Arrange the following in chronological order: the founding of the (A) American Colonization Society, (B) American Anti-Slavery Society, and (C) Liberty party. A, B, C C, A, B B, C, A A, C, B C, B, A

A, B, C

Match each abolitionist below with his publication. A.William Lloyd Garrison 1.Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World B.Theodore Dwight Weld 2.The Liberator C.Frederick Douglass 3 Narration of the Life of ____ D.David Walker 4.American Slavery as It Is A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2 A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

Many abolitionists turned to political action in 1840, when they backed the presidential candidate of the Free Soil party. Republican party. Know-Nothing party. Liberty party. Socialist party.

Liberty party.

As their main agricultural crop, southern subsistence farmers raised cotton. tobacco. corn. wheat. sugar cane.

corn

All of the following are true statements about free blacks except they were banned from entering several northern states. they were always vulnerable to being hijacked back into slavery in the South. slaveholders feared that they were living examples of what might be achieved with emancipation. in the North, they forged ties with the Irish, who similarly worked in menial jobs. most states denied them the right to vote.

in the North, they forged ties with the Irish, who similarly worked in menial jobs.

By the mid-nineteenth century most southerners owned slaves. the smaller slaveholders owned a majority of the slaves. most slaves lived on large plantations. slavery was a dying institution. southerners were growing defensive about slavery.

most slaves lived on large plantations.

The great increase of the slave population in the first half of the nineteenth century was largely due to the reopening of the African slave trade in 1808. larger imports of slaves from the West Indies. natural reproduction. re enslavement of free blacks. the forced, cattle-like breeding of slaves by white masters living in states of the Old South such as Virginia.

natural reproduction.

The plantation system of the Cotton South before the Civil War resembled a tightly controlled oligarchy in its monopolistic features. became more democratic and open to newcomers. was very financially stable over many years. was attractive to European immigrants. included no expectation that planter aristocrats had any obligation to serve the public as politicians or statesmen.

resembled a tightly controlled oligarchy in its monopolistic features.

As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin fewer slaves were needed on the plantations. short-staple cotton lost popularity. slavery was reinvigorated in the South. Thomas Jefferson predicted the gradual death of slavery. the African slave trade was legalized.

slavery was reinvigorated in the South.

Most white southerners were planter aristocrats. small slave owners. merchants and artisans. "poor white trash." subsistence farmers.

subsistence farmers.

All the following were true of the American economy under Cotton Kingdom except cotton accounted for half the value of all American exports after 1840. the South produced more than half the entire world's supply of cotton. 75 percent of the British supply of cotton came from the South. quick profits from cotton drew planters to its economic enterprise. the South reaped all the profits from the cotton trade.

the South reaped all the profits from the cotton trade.

William Lloyd Garrison pledged his dedication to shipping freed blacks back to Africa. supporting armed slave insurrections against all white slaveholders in the South. preventing the expansion of slavery beyond the South. forming an antislavery political party. the immediate abolition of slavery in the South.

the immediate abolition of slavery in the South.

In society's basement in the South of 1860, there were nearly ____ million black human chattels 1 2 4 8 10

4

In some counties of the deep South, especially along the lower Mississippi River, blacks accounted for more than ____ percent of the population. 25 50 75 10 95

75

Match each abolitionist below with his role in the movement. A.Wendell Phillips 1.abolitionist martyr B.Frederick Douglass 2.black abolitionist C.Elijah P. Lovejoy 3.abolitionist golden trumpet D.William Lloyd Garrison 4.abolitionist newspaper publisher A-4, B-2, C-l, D-3 A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3 A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2 A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4

A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4

Slaves fought the system of slavery by slowing down the pace of their labor. conducting periodic slave rebellions. sabotaging expensive equipment. running away from their masters. All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

In 1839, enslaved Africans rose up aboard the Spanish slave ship Ferdinand. Amistad. La Guerra. La Nina. El Liberte.

Amistad.

By 1860, slaves were concentrated in the "black belt" located in the border states of Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland. Deep South states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. old South states of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. new Southwest states of Texas, Arkansas, and Indian Territory. mountain regions of Tennessee, West Virginia, and Kentucky.

Deep South states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

Uncle Tom's Cabin was written in 1852 by Ralph Waldo Emerson. William Lloyd Garrison. Harriet Beecher Stowe. Margaret Fuller. Harriet Tubman.

Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four? Nat Turner David Walker John C. Calhoun Denmark Vesey Gabriel

John C. Calhoun

The idea of transporting blacks back to Africa was a recognition of blacks' desire to preserve their culture. never carried out. advocated by Frederick Douglass. proposed by the African nation of Liberia. an expression of widespread American racism.

an expression of widespread American racism.

Plantation mistresses were frequently assaulted by vengeful slaves. were primarily responsible for controlling the plantation's male slaves. frequently supported abolitionism. commanded a sizable household staff of mostly female slaves. were almost universally loved by their slaves.

commanded a sizable household staff of mostly female slaves.

As a result of white southerners' brutal treatment of their slaves and their fear of potential slave rebellions, the South formed alliances with white imperialists in Africa. adopted British attitudes toward the "peculiar institution." emancipated many slaves. returned to relying on wage labor and indentured servitude for its main agricultural labor force. developed a theory of biological racial superiority to justify slavery.

developed a theory of biological racial superiority to justify slavery.

For free blacks living in the North living conditions were nearly equal to those for whites. voting rights were widespread. good jobs were plentiful. education opened the door to economic opportunity. discrimination against blacks concerning employment, the right to vote, and obtaining a public education was common.

discrimination against blacks concerning employment, the right to vote, and obtaining a public education was common.

Northern attitudes toward free blacks before the Civil War have been described as supporting blacks right to full citizenship and higher education. disliking the race but professing appreciation for individual blacks. advocating black movement into the new territories. politically sympathetic but socially segregationist. disliking individual blacks, even accomplished blacks such as Frederick Douglass, but professing admiration for the black race.

disliking individual blacks, even accomplished blacks such as Frederick Douglass, but professing admiration for the black race.

Members of the planter aristocracy produced fewer front-rank statesmen than the North. dominated society and politics in the South. provided democratic rule in the South. promoted tax-supported public education. were much more progressive about race and black people than white yeoman farmers and laborers in the South.

dominated society and politics in the South.

By 1860, the overwhelming majority of all southern whites did not own slaves, but instead lived and worked as laborers, artisans, or tradesmen in the emerging cities of the South. eked out a living in the mountains and backcountry raising corn and hogs. owned small farms where they and their families raised cotton. farmed an annually rotated sequential mix of wheat, tobacco, rice, and cotton. None of these choices are correct.

eked out a living in the mountains and backcountry raising corn and hogs.

European immigration to the South was discouraged most profoundly by fierce economic competition with slave labor. an unfavorable experience of growing cotton in Europe by German and Irish immigrant groups. German, Irish, and Jewish antislavery groups. immigration barriers enacted by southern states. the inability of European immigrants to tolerate the hot climate.

fierce economic competition with slave labor.

All of the following were characteristic of slaves in the mid-nineteenth century United States except slaves had no civil or political rights. slaves usually toiled from dusk to dawn in the fields. slaves had minimal protection from murder or unusually cruel punishment. slaves were forbidden to testify in court and their marriages were not legal. floggings were very uncommon and rare.

floggings were very uncommon and rare.

Slaves regarded the least prosperous, nonslaveholding whites as potential, yet undesirable, masters. their equals in doing the least desirable work. violent, rabble-rousers who often picked on slaves. hillbillies and "poor white trash"—too lazy and shiftless to work productively. potential allies in slave revolts against planter aristocrats.

hillbillies and "poor white trash"—too lazy and shiftless to work productively.

The profitable southern slave system hobbled the economic development of the region as a whole. saw many slaves moving to the upper South. led to the textile industry's development in the South first. relied almost totally on importing slaves to meet the unquenchable demand for labor. failed to prompt most planters to regard their slaves as investments to be cared for and monitored like any other asset

hobbled the economic development of the region as a whole.

Most slaves were raised without the benefit of a stable home life. in stable two-parent households. never knowing anything about their relatives. without displaying African cultural practices including the distinctive African style of responsorial preaching. without exhibiting any religious practices including a hybrid form of African Christianity.

in stable two-parent households.

Plantation agriculture was wasteful largely because it relied mainly on artificial means to fertilize the soil. it required leaving cropland fallow every other year. excessive water was used for irrigation. it was too diversified, thus taking essential nutrients from the soil. its excessive cultivation of cotton despoiled good land

its excessive cultivation of cotton despoiled good land

All of the following were weaknesses of the slave plantation system except that it relied on the destructive one-crop economy of cotton and failed to institute a system of crop rotation. it repelled a large-scale European immigration. it stimulated racism among poor whites. it created an aristocratic political elite. its land continued to remain predominately in the hands of the small farmers

its land continued to remain predominately in the hands of the small farmers

All of the following were true of slavery in the South except that strong-willed slaves were sometimes sent to breakers to coerce slaves into accepting their bondage and the planter's mastery. a distinctive African American slave culture developed. a typical planter had too much of his own prosperity riding on the backs of his slaves to beat them on a regular basis. the explosive growth of cotton production in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana contributed directly to life being harder for the typical slave in this southern frontier region than other regions of the South or West. most slaves were raised in single unstable parent households.

most slaves were raised in single unstable parent households.

The most pro-Union of the white southerners were plantation owners. mountain whites residing in the Appalachian range. small slave owners. non slave owning subsistence farmers. mistresses of southern plantation owners.

mountain whites residing in the Appalachian range.

Forced separation of spouses, parents, and children was most common in the Deep South. on the large plantations. on small plantations and in the upper South. in the territories of Kansas, Nebraska, and New Mexico. as a punishment for running away.

on small plantations and in the upper South.

All told, only about ____ of white southerners owned slaves or belonged to a slaveholding family. one fourth one third half fifteen percent five percent

one fourth

Some southern slaves gained their freedom as a result of the prohibition of the Atlantic slave trade after 1807. purchase by northern abolitionists. fleeing to mountain hideaways. purchasing their way out of slavery with money earned after hours. the objection to slaveholding by some white women.

purchasing their way out of slavery with money earned after hours.

The idea of recolonizing blacks back to Africa was proposed by Timothy Dwight Weld. proposed by John Quincy Adams. advocated by Frederick Douglass. suggested by political leaders of the African nation of Liberia. supported by the black leader Martin Delaney.

supported by the black leader Martin Delaney.

Slavery's greatest psychological horror, and the theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, was the enforced separation of slave families, whose members could be sold away from each other. slave owners' frequent use of the whip. the breeding of slaves. having to do the most dangerous work on the plantation. forcible sexual assault by slave owners.

the enforced separation of slave families, whose members could be sold away from each other.

By 1860, life for slaves was most difficult in the Atlantic states of North and South Carolina. Deep South states of Georgia and Florida. territories of Kansas, Nebraska, and New Mexico. upper South states of Virginia and Maryland. the new southwest states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

the new southwest states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

The majority of southern whites owned no slaves because they opposed slavery. they could not afford the purchase price. their urban location did not require them. their racism would not allow them to work alongside African Americans. they feared the possibility of slave revolts

they could not afford the purchase price.

As a substitute for the wage-incentive system, slaveowners most often used the promise of eventual freedom. reward of some legal rights. the promise to slaves of a grant of private property to do tenant farming after a period of years of bondage. whip as a motivator. threat of death.

whip as a motivator.

In Varying Viewpoints: What Was the True Nature of Slavery, the contemporary historian Eugene Genovese agrees with previous historians of American slavery that ​this southern institution embraced a form of economic paternalism which reflected the need of southern slaveholders to control and coax labor out of their reluctant and recalcitrant "investments." southern slaveholders actually treated slaves with a kindly and caring paternalism throughout the lives of most slaves. ​blacks were inferior and submissive by nature,facilitating their participation in the institution of southern slavery. ​blacks did not abhor the coercive social and economic institution that enslaved them. ​this southern institution was not underpinned by racist attitudes by southern slaveholders and most other southerners as well.

​this southern institution embraced a form of economic paternalism which reflected the need of southern slaveholders to control and coax labor out of their reluctant and recalcitrant "investments."