APUSH Chapters 28 & 29
In Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court declared that A. police had to advise a suspect of his or her constitutional right to remain silent. B. state laws prohibiting marriage between persons of different races were unconstitutional. C. the federal courts possessed jurisdiction over state apportionment systems to ensure that the votes of all citizens carry equal weight. D. states could not establish racially segregated schools even if the schools were supposed to have equal facilities. E. states could not ban the use of contraceptives.
A. police had to advise a suspect of his or her constitutional right to remain silent.
Which of the following is true about Henry Kissinger? A. He believed that human nature was basically good and that people would do the right thing if left alone. B. He believed in Realpolitik. C. He came to his foreign-policy post in Washington with little knowledge of international relations. D. He served as the president's national security adviser but failed to become secretary of state because he lacked the willingness to act ruthlessly when opponents placed obstacles in his path.
B. He believed in Realpolitik.
In the 1960 presidential election, what advantages did Richard M. Nixon have over John F. Kennedy? A. He was not tied to the crises and scandals of the Eisenhower administration. B. He was Protestant and had a great deal of experience. C. He was known for his poise and dynamism. D. He had a lot of experience in front of television cameras. E. He was respected by liberals for his opposition to McCarthyism in the early 1950s
B. He was Protestant and had a great deal of experience.
How did Gerald Ford become president? A. He was elected in 1972. B. He was nominated by Nixon as vice president, confirmed by Congress, and became president when Nixon resigned. C. He was appointed by Congress after Nixon and his vice president resigned. D. He bribed the Senate Judiciary Committee to approve his presidency.
B. He was nominated by Nixon as vice president, confirmed by Congress, and became president when Nixon resigned.
Which of the following was not a consequence of the actions of the New Left during the 1960s? A. Increased opposition to the war in Vietnam. B. A conservative reaction against radicals. C. Permanent radicalization of a large portion of American workers and students. D. Major reforms on American college campuses. E. Energized campuses and made students a major voice in politics.
C. Permanent radicalization of a large portion of American workers and students.
What did the results of the 1960 presidential election reveal? A. A widespread desire all around the country for change. B. The growing influence of "yellow journalism." C. The new power of television in American politics. D. A middle-class white backlash. E. The enduring popularity of Harry Truman.
C. The new power of television in American politics.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the "Yippies"? A. They were second highest grossing band from Great Britain in the 1960s. B. They were a group of hippies who lived in a commune in New Mexico that practiced free love. C. They were part of the counterculture movement that wished to disrupt the Democratic Convention in Chicago. D. They were a group of Nixon supporters who attempted to infiltrate the anti-war protest movement. E. They were the remnants of a once proud Native American tribe that called for their independence from the United States.
C. They were part of the counterculture movement that wished to disrupt the Democratic Convention in Chicago.
In January 1968, how did typical Americans feel about continued United States involvement in the war in Vietnam? A. that the war was immoral and that the United States should withdraw immediately. B. that the government should be conducting the war more vigorously and should commit more American ground troops. C. generally supportive or ambivalent, wanting to get out but not wanting to give up. D. in favor of the use of tactical nuclear weapons so that the U.S. could win without endangering American soldiers. E. unconcerned, because the economy was good and Vietnam was far away.
C. generally supportive or ambivalent, wanting to get out but not wanting to give up.
What was a result of the Tet offensive? A. American military leaders came to realize that United States forces could never repulse a massive Vietcong offensive, much less regain captured territory. B. the nation experienced a resurgence of support for the war effort. C. many Americans came to realize that no area of South Vietnam was secure from enemy attack. D. Lyndon Johnson trounced Eugene McCarthy in the New Hampshire primary. E. Barry Goldwater reentered politics to run for the Republican nomination for president.
C. many Americans came to realize that no area of South Vietnam was secure from enemy attack.
The 1964 Civil Rights Act A. established affirmative action programs. B. guaranteed the right to vote of all Americans regardless of race. C. outlawed segregation in public accommodations. D. All of these choices E. established voting commissions to supervise elections.
C. outlawed segregation in public accommodations.
Why did the Kennedy administration have such a poor record of legislative accomplishments? A. members of the administration had no program for reform B. the threat of communism abroad forced the president to tum from domestic affairs and concentrate on foreign affairs. C. the administration had received a weak electoral mandate, was more committed to foreign affairs, and lacked the votes in Congress. D. an economic recession required that the federal government reduce its expenditures, so the administration refrained from proposing new programs. E. Kennedy was assassinated before he had a chance to propose any programs.
C. the administration had received a weak electoral mandate, was more committed to foreign affairs, and lacked the votes in Congress.
Which of the following captures the approach of the Kennedy administration to the issue of civil rights? A. reduced support for civil-rights litigation by the Justice Department. B. accepted racial discrimination in federally financed housing. C. was reluctant to take a firm stand and to introduce civil-rights legislation. D. encouraged the Black Power movement and the Nation of Islam. E. All of these choices
C. was reluctant to take a firm stand and to introduce civil-rights legislation.
John Mitchell, E. Howard Hunt, and G. Gordon Liddy arranged the break-in at the Watergate complex in order to A. find information about Daniel Ellsberg that would discredit him in the eyes of the peace movement. B. destroy the Democratic National Committee's files of potential campaign contributors. C. wiretap the telephone of the Democratic National Committee. D. play a harmless prank on their political rivals. E. retrieve evidence that Spiro Agnew had had an affair with an intern.
C. wiretap the telephone of the Democratic National Committee.
Which of the following did not contribute to Jimmy Carter's election victory in 1976? A. Clearly defined his economic and social programs. B. Emphasized his status as an outsider to Washington politics. C. Rejected the concept of the "imperial presidency." D. Pledged never to lie to the American people. E. Professed his faith as a "born-again" Christian.
A. Clearly defined his economic and social programs.
Which policy did Lyndon Johnson follow with regard to American involvement in Vietnam? A. He followed an attrition strategy to try to force the communist to the peace table. B. He rapidly increased the number of American ground troops in South Vietnam for a massive invasion of North Vietnam C. He gradually withdrew American forces while asking for United Nations mediation. D. He pulled American forces out immediately and declared that the United States had achieved its goals. E. It did nothing until free elections could be held in South Vietnam.
A. He followed an attrition strategy to try to force the communist to the peace table.
Which of the following is not true about John F. Kennedy? A. He had compiled an impressive record of achievement during his years in Congress and had sponsored much notable reform legislation. B. He had won a Pulitzer Prize for a book that had been written primarily by one of his staff members. C. He was esteemed as a war hero and projected an image of vigor and rugged good looks. D. He was the first Roman Catholic to become president of the United States. E. While president he used mood-altering drugs to alleviate pain and engaged in extramarital affairs.
A. He had compiled an impressive record of achievement during his years in Congress and had sponsored much notable reform legislation.
What was the Kennedy administration's policy toward Vietnam? A. He sent some 16,000 military advisers to South Vietnam and attempted to move South Vietnamese peasants into fortified villages to isolate the Vietcong. B. He ordered American troops to protect Premier Ngo Dinh Diem from an expected military coup. C. He withdrew American troops and negotiated with the Soviet Union to install a neutral premier. D. He placed an embargo of the South to force Premier Ngo Dinh Diem to deliver on his promise of land reform. E. He initiated a major bombing campaign of North Vietnam.
A. He sent some 16,000 military advisers to South Vietnam and attempted to move South Vietnamese peasants into fortified villages to isolate the Vietcong.
Why was Apollo 11 significant to Americans at the time? A. It provided hope to Americans in difficult times. B. It showed the dangers of space flight. C. It pointed to the close relationship between civilian and military space flights. D. It captured the futility of the space race. E. It marked the first successful launch of the space shuttle.
A. It provided hope to Americans in difficult times.
What was the result of the 1964 presidential election? A. Lyndon Johnson won a landslide in the popular vote while the GOP carried only Arizona and five Deep South states. B. The GOP nearly defeated Lyndon Johnson, who had alienated northerners because he was a southerner and southerners because he was too liberal. C. The GOP successfully branded Johnson as an irresponsible liberal whose reelection would lead to depression and war in Vietnam. D. Lyndon Johnson won a sweeping electoral victory but was unable to help the Democratic party make gains in either the Senate or the House of Representatives. E. Third-party candidate George Wallace siphoned enough votes from both major-party candidates to throw the election into the House of Representatives, which, because it was controlled by the Democrats, voted for Lyndon Johnson.
A. Lyndon Johnson won a landslide in the popular vote while the GOP carried only Arizona and five Deep South states.
Which of the following best describes American youth of the 1960s? A. Most followed conventional paths and sought a secure place in the system. B. They were radicals who were deeply involved in political action and espoused cultural and political revolution. C. They generally preferred drugs to beer. D. As their numbers dwindled, they developed increasing uncertainty about their own collective identity. E. They longed to be back in the days of President Eisenhower, when things were simple and young people had no responsibilities.
A. Most followed conventional paths and sought a secure place in the system.
Which of the following correctly summarizes the Carter administration's policy toward the area of the world with which it is paired? A. Panama: treaties transferring full control over the canal to Panama by 2000. B. Soviet Union: growing detente and continued expansion of economic and cultural relations C. China: fortification of Taiwan with American Cruise Missiles. D. Europe: reduction of stores of chemical weapons E. Middle East: use of American troops to stop the Egyptian invasion of Israel
A. Panama: treaties transferring full control over the canal to Panama by 2000.
Which of the following conditions did the United States not face in the late 1970s? A. Plummeting energy prices. B. Americans being held hostage. C. Unemployment. D. Recession. E. Inflation.
A. Plummeting energy prices.
Which of the following was not one of the developments of the early and mid-1960s that tended to radicalize thousands of American students? A. The American government refused to pursue total victory in Vietnam. B. Students saw campus administrators as impersonal and rigid. C. The Port Huron Statement galvanized many students D. Students wanted more Americans included in the decision making process. E. Students were concerned by the inability of mainstream liberalism to achieve swift, far-reaching change.
A. The American government refused to pursue total victory in Vietnam.
What was the cause of the 1973-1974 oil embargo? A. The United States was providing Israel with military equipment to repel the attack by Syria and Egypt. B. Western Europe refused to agree to new OPEC price increases. C. The Palestine Liberation Organization attempted to establish an independent Arab-Palestinian nation. D. Egypt abandoned its alliance with Moscow and forge an alliance with Washington. E. The United States refused to withdraw missiles from Turkey in exchange for Soviet withdrawal of missiles from Cuba
A. The United States was providing Israel with military equipment to repel the attack by Syria and Egypt.
Which of the following did not contribute to the "sexual revolution" during the 1960s? A. The elimination of all state laws infringing on a woman's right to an abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. B. The waning fear of unwanted pregnancy because of the availability of contraceptives, particularly the Pill. C. Greater permissiveness and openness about sexual activity. D. The counterculture's "do your own thing" attitude. E. New attitudes toward cohabitation and open marriage.
A. The elimination of all state laws infringing on a woman's right to an abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Which of the following events did not occur in 1968? A. The nomination of an antiwar Democratic candidate for president B. The assassination of a prominent civil-rights leader C. Violence at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago D. A political comeback by a Republican politician E. The assassination of a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination
A. The nomination of an antiwar Democratic candidate for president
How did most Americans react to the campus demonstrations of 1970? A. They criticized campus protesters for undercutting the nation's foreign policy. B. They blamed the Nixon administration for widening the war, and they applauded the goals of the campus demonstrators. C. They retreated from traditional American policies and sought new answers in mystic cults, communes, or the ecology movement. D. They became increasingly radicalized and in the November election voted for radical or left-wing Democratic candidates. E. They launched counter protests against the students.
A. They criticized campus protesters for undercutting the nation's foreign policy.
How did Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward influence the American presidency? A. They exposed the Watergate scandal and presidential abuses. B. They advocated for and achieved new election rules, particularly around campaign finance. C. Through their connections with the Castro regime, they hired Lee Harvey Oswald to assassinate President Kennedy. D. They served as the independent prosecutors in the Watergate scandal. E. They ran the Nixon re-election committee for the 1972 presidential election.
A. They exposed the Watergate scandal and presidential abuses.
Between 1964 and 1968, how did some urban African-Americans around the country express their reaction to progress in civil-rights? A. They looted, rioted, and destroyed white property. B. They launched the most vigorous voter-registration drive in American history. C. They organized a series of mass demonstrations and marches that paralyzed city affairs for days at a time. D. They staged sit-ins at banks in order to get more loans for African-American-run businesses. E. They voted in record numbers for Democratic candidates.
A. They looted, rioted, and destroyed white property.
How did President Ford try to curb inflation? A. Voluntary wage-and-price restraint B. Increases in federal spending C. Support for lowering the discount rate D. All of these choices E. None of these choices
A. Voluntary wage-and-price restraint
Which of the following singers or musical groups is not representative of the trends in popular music during the 1960s? A. Woody Guthrie B. Bob Dylan C. Motown D. Rolling Stones E. Janis Joplin
A. Woody Guthrie
During the Cuban missile crisis, the United States A. instituted a quarantine of Cuba. B. attempted to avoid a military confrontation with the Soviet Union at all costs. C. decided to invade Cuba if the missiles were not withdrawn within 72 hours. D. recognized the right of the Castro government to possess any weapons it wanted E. traded medical supplies to Cuba in return for the removal of the missiles.
A. instituted a quarantine of Cuba.
President Johnson's vision of a Great Society was a society where A. poverty and racial injustice would be eliminated, and economic opportunity would be available for all. B. inequalities between social classes could be eliminated by government wealth-redistribution schemes. C. individuals and corporations could work as partners to eliminate poverty without the need for elaborate government-sponsored social-welfare programs. D. independent farmers and small shop owners would once again form the backbone of a free and democratic citizenry in the Jeffersonian mold. E. whites would dominate all of other races and ethnic groups.
A. poverty and racial injustice would be eliminated, and economic opportunity would be available for all.
Which of the following did Richard Nixon not do early in his presidency? A. reduce the regulatory powers of the federal government. B. institute wage and price controls. C. inaugurate affirmative action policies. D. approve the vote for 18 year olds. E. begin the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam.
A. reduce the regulatory powers of the federal government.
Which of the following was not one of the programs of the Kennedy administration? A. social legislation to fight poverty and finance medical care for the elderly B. a massive arms buildup C. a huge cut in corporate taxes to stimulate the economy. D. a crash program to put an American on the moon E. The establishment of the Peace Corps
A. social legislation to fight poverty and finance medical care for the elderly
In the 1960s many Native Americans began to demand that the federal government A. take action to redress long-standing discrimination and poverty. B. provide public-works projects to improve the reservations. C. end the practice of keeping them on reservations. D. allow them to leave the United States and establish a new homeland on a South Pacific island. E. convert Alcatraz Island to a Native American cultural center.
A. take action to redress long-standing discrimination and poverty.
The purpose of the Medicare program was to provide health insurance for A. the elderly. B. the poor. C. all Americans. D. America's veterans. E. illegal immigrants.
A. the elderly.
What happened at Three Mile Island? A. The United States established a prison to hold terrorists. B. A nuclear plant experienced a near-disastrous accident. C. Pennsylvania built the first town to be powered solely by a nuclear reactor. D. National Guard forces intervened in a coal mining strike. E. The army tested the first components of the Strategic Defense Initiative.
B. A nuclear plant experienced a near-disastrous accident.
Who was largely responsible for kindling the ethnic pride and solidarity of Mexican-Americans in the 1960s? A. Carmen Miranda B. Cesar Chavez C. Martin Luther King, Jr. D. Mario Savio E. Aileen Hernandez
B. Cesar Chavez
Where did the most serious conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Kennedy administration occur? A. Berlin. B. Cuba. C. Vietnam. D. Hungary. E. Turkey.
B. Cuba.
When Eisenhower used the phrase the "domino theory," what did he mean? A. He wanted America diplomats to understand the importance in playing dominos with their counterparts in the Soviet Union. B. He was referring to his fear that if one Asian country fell to communism then its neighbors would ultimately follow. C. He was comparing the fall of European countries to Hitler because of appeasement. D. He meant that United States had to correct its own problems or they would create more. E. He was arguing that the United States had to be the dominant domino in the world.
B. He was referring to his fear that if one Asian country fell to communism then its neighbors would ultimately follow.
Which of the following was one of President Carter's high priorities in international affairs? A. Reasserting American rights in the Panama Canal Zone B. Increasing attention to human-rights violations C. Isolating China from other nations D. Ensuring open markets and free trade around the globe E. None of these choices
B. Increasing attention to human-rights violations
What was the purpose of Operation Rolling Thunder? A. It was designed to eliminate 50% of the poverty in the United States by 1970. B. It was designed to use aerial bombardments to force the North Vietnamese to negotiate and stop the flow of soldiers and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail. C. It was designed to increase literacy in the United States by 20% in the 1960s. D. It was designed to reduce racial tensions by rebuilding the worst urban slums. E. It was designed to force the Soviet Union to withdraw its forces from Eastern Europe.
B. It was designed to use aerial bombardments to force the North Vietnamese to negotiate and stop the flow of soldiers and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
What did the "White House tapes" reveal? A. the burglary at Democratic headquarters was simply a third-rate caper, and no one on the White House staff had been involved. B. President Nixon had ordered a cover-up in the Watergate affair. C. President Nixon had been having an affair with his secretary for three years. D. President Nixon had attempted to halt the "dirty tricks" of his supporters but had failed. E. Nixon had tried to steal the 1960 presidential election.
B. President Nixon had ordered a cover-up in the Watergate affair.
What economic problem plagued the American economy in the 1970s? A. Deflation B. Stagflation C. Low interest rates D. Declining world trade E. Expanding gold supply
B. Stagflation
How did Eugene "Bull" Conner help Martin Luther King's civil rights efforts in 1963? A. King hired Conner as a public relations adviser to gain the support of northern whites. B. Televised reports of Conner's violent attacks against protesters and their children horrified the public and pushed JFK to act. C. King asked Conner to organize the march on D.C. in August. D. King persuaded Conner to become the first southern leader to support the desegregation of schools. E. King encouraged Conner to lobby President Kennedy concerning new civil rights legislation
B. Televised reports of Conner's violent attacks against protesters and their children horrified the public and pushed JFK to act.
Martin 'Luther King, Jr., delivered a historic speech outlining his dream of a future that included racial equality at A. The Montgomery Bus Boycott B. The 1963 March on Washington C. The 1964 Freedom Summer Project D. The 1963 Birmingham Protest E. The 1964 Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
B. The 1963 March on Washington
By 1964 what had become the major thrust of the majority of African-American activists? A. The prohibition of segregation on professional sports teams B. Voter-registration drives in southern states C. Encouragement of economic opportunity for African-Americans by making Small Business Administration loans available for minority-owned companies D. Encouragement of the development of a separate and distinct sense of African culture and heritage among African-Americans E. Revolution and violence
B. Voter-registration drives in southern states
The Gulf of Tonkin resolution A. advocated the use of nuclear weapons against North Vietnam if that government did not accede to American demands. B. authorized the president to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against American forces and to prevent further aggression in Vietnam. C. condemned the U.S. involvement in Vietnam and demanded that American troops be withdrawn immediately. D. demanded that Chinese troops be withdrawn to the Tonkin region before negotiations could begin. E. constituted a congressional explanation to the American people of the Johnson administration's immediate and long-term foreign policy goals in Southeast Asia.
B. authorized the president to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against American forces and to prevent further aggression in Vietnam.
Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique was ground-breaking because the book A. argued that women were superior to men. B. claimed that women should have more opportunities than only being a housewife. C. asserted that women should be able express their sexuality freely and openly. D. proposed that marriage as a legal institution be abolished. E. challenged the Supreme Court's ruling that the birth control pill should only be made available to married women.
B. claimed that women should have more opportunities than only being a housewife.
When he assumed the office, President Kennedy's top domestic priority was A. pass social legislation to benefit African-Americans and women. B. encourage economic growth through defense spending and incentives to private enterprise. C. control runaway inflation. D. overcome the threat from environmental pollution. E. cut taxes and downsize the government.
B. encourage economic growth through defense spending and incentives to private enterprise.
What was America's initial involvement in Vietnam? A. provided aid to the nationalist coalition, the Vietminh. B. furnished aid to the French, who were trying to re-conquer their former colony. C. committed American troops to assist the French. D. offered to use atomic weapons to assist the French. E. pressured the French to grant Vietnam its independence.
B. furnished aid to the French, who were trying to re-conquer their former colony.
What was the purpose of the 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer Project? A. protest the escalation of the Vietnam War. B. help and encourage African-Americans to become registered voters. C. force the Interstate Commerce Commission to declare segregated transportation facilities unconstitutional. D. persuade the state legislature to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment. E. convince southern blacks to join the military.
B. help and encourage African-Americans to become registered voters.
What were the recommendations of the Kerner Commission? A. strengthening of local police forces to ensure that law and order could be maintained in the nation's cities. B. increases in federal expenditures for programs that provided assistance to urban African-Americans. C. financing a system of medical care for the elderly. D. a 20 percent increase in the defense budget, a five-fold increase in the purchase of intercontinental ballistic missiles, and the building of nuclear submarines armed with Polaris missiles. E. more jails, larger police forces, and a reinstitution of the death penalty.
B. increases in federal expenditures for programs that provided assistance to urban African-Americans.
Economic developments in the 1970s forced millions of Americans to A. consider military service as a way to stave off unemployment. B. learn to live with less energy, jobs and possibilities. C. watch the value of the dollar skyrocket. D. pay higher taxes to lower the federal deficit. E. pay nearly $2 for a gallon of gas.
B. learn to live with less energy, jobs and possibilities.
Which of the following was not part of President Richard Nixon's strategy in Southeast Asia? A. escalated American bombing of North Vietnam. B. ordered massive increases in American ground forces to invade North Vietnam. C. replaced American troops with South Vietnamese forces. D. opened secret direct negotiations with North Vietnam's foreign minister, Le Due Tho. E. widened the war by invading Cambodia.
B. ordered massive increases in American ground forces to invade North Vietnam.
The Gay Liberation movement became more publicly militant in reaction to A. the Saturday Night Massacre. B. police raid on the Stonewall Inn. C. the Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade. D. the refusal of the Nixon administration to appoint an openly gay jurist to the Supreme Court. E. the torture of a gay youth in Montana.
B. police raid on the Stonewall Inn.
What was Eugene McCarthy's main issue during his challenge to Lyndon Johnson for the 1968 Democratic presidential nomination? A. presence of communists in the State Department B. war in Vietnam C. war on poverty D. an appeal to the "silent majority" of Americans E. the white backlash
B. war in Vietnam
Which of the following did Malcolm X not advocate before 1964? A. African-Americans should separate themselves from whites. B. African-Americans should be proud of their blackness. C. African-Americans should rely on nonviolence. D. African-Americans should celebrate their African roots. E. African-Americans should control their own destinies.
C. African-Americans should rely on nonviolence.
Which of the following Decisions of the Warren Court is correctly paired with its significance? A. Yates v. U.S.: Reduced the power of rural voters. B. Baker v. Carr: Ended the legal persecution of the Communist Party. C. Engel v. Vitale: Ended praying Bible reading in public schools. D. Miranda v. Arizona: Ended bans on interracial marriage. E. Loving v. Virginia: The police must advise a suspect of his or her constitutional right to remain silent
C. Engel v. Vitale: Ended praying Bible reading in public schools.
Which of the following statements correctly summarizes Richard Nixon's foreign policy toward the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China? A. He opened up new initiatives with the Soviet Union in an effort to isolate the People's Republic, capitalizing on the Sino-Soviet split. B. He listened to his hard-line anticommunist advisers and initiated a new and more hostile era of the Cold War against both powers. C. He capitalized on their widening split by playing one power off against the other. D. He attempted to improve relations with each country by offering to pull out of Vietnam. E. He had ICBM missile bases built around the globe, within striking range of both the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China.
C. He capitalized on their widening split by playing one power off against the other.
Which of the following statements correctly describes Kennedy's policies toward the Soviet Union as a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis? A. He developed new nuclear weapons. B. He compromised on Berlin and in the conflict over Vietnam. C. He established a direct "hot line" between the two countries and agreed to a nuclear test-ban treaty. D. He invited Nikita Khrushchev to a summit meeting in Washington. E. He announced a reduction in the size of the American nuclear triad.
C. He established a direct "hot line" between the two countries and agreed to a nuclear test-ban treaty.
What happened to Richard Nixon after he resigned from the presidency? A. He was convicted of obstruction of justice but received a suspended sentence. B. He ran for the Republican nomination for governor of California but was defeated by Ronald Reagan. C. He was pardoned by President Ford for any and all crimes committed while in office. D. He became the American ambassador to China during the Ford administration. E. He taught politics and government at Harvard University.
C. He was pardoned by President Ford for any and all crimes committed while in office.
What is the long-term significance of the 1965 Immigration Act? A. It established immigration limits based on nationality. B. More immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe arrived on American shores. C. It prompted dramatic increases in immigration from Asia and Latin America. D. It established new patrols of the borders between the US and Mexico. E. All of these choices
C. It prompted dramatic increases in immigration from Asia and Latin America.
In the 1950s and 1960s what did the Warren Court do? A. It issued a string of decisions declaring unconstitutional most of the liberal Great Society programs of the Johnson administration. B. It refused to decide on any of the major social or political issues of the day. C. It was responsible for a series of liberal decisions enraged more conservative Americans. D. It began to lobby openly for a more vigorous American military policy in Vietnam. E. It acted beyond the powers of the Constitution and saw several of its members impeached.
C. It was responsible for a series of liberal decisions enraged more conservative Americans.
If you were in San Francisco in 1966, what would you have found if you went to Haight Street? A. The army recruiting office. B. The headquarters of the Democratic National Committee. C. Macrobiotic food, LSD, and psychedelic music. D. The headquarters of Young Americans for Freedom. E. Students for a Democratic Society's main branch.
C. Macrobiotic food, LSD, and psychedelic music.
When he used "shuttle diplomacy," where was Secretary of State Henry Kissinger attempting to achieve a peace settlement? A. Southeast Asia B. Eastern Europe C. Middle East D. South America E. Africa
C. Middle East
What happened at Kent State University in May 1970? A. Campus radicals ambushed National Guard Troop G, wounding eleven and killing four. B. Ohio governor James Rhodes ordered the National Guard to shoot all campus radicals. C. National Guard troops fired at student antiwar protesters, wounding eleven and killing four. D. A distraught student stood in the window of the library tower and shot professors walking on the main quadrangle below. E. Campus police fired into a women's dormitory, accidentally killing two male students who were in the midst of a panty raid.
C. National Guard troops fired at student antiwar protesters, wounding eleven and killing four.
What happened to President Richard Nixon? A. Impeached by the House of Representatives for obstruction of justice, abuse of power, and contempt of Congress. B. Resigned to allow Vice President Spiro Agnew to take over the reins of power and end the nation's long nightmare. C. Resigned from office before the House of Representatives could impeach him, which it was likely to do. D. Died of a heart attack as impeachment proceedings began. E. Committed suicide and was replaced by Gerald Ford.
C. Resigned from office before the House of Representatives could impeach him, which it was likely to do.
Which of the following did not occur during the Nixon presidency? A. Congress established the Environmental Protection Agency. B. Environmentalists sponsored the first Earth Day. C. The government initiated the Interstate Highway System. D. Nixon proposed the Family Assistance Program. E. Congress created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
C. The government initiated the Interstate Highway System.
Which of the following was not a catch-phrase of 1960s social and political movements? A. "Tune in, tum on, drop out." B. "The Personal is political." C. "Girls say yes to boys who say no." D. "Hell no, war must go." E. "Make love, not war."
D. "Hell no, war must go."
Which of the following issues was not on the agenda of the National Organization for Women in the late 1960s and early 1970s? A. Women should have equal employment opportunities. B. Child care needed to be regulated and more readily available. C. Abortion rights should be legalized. D. Government programs should make it easier for women to remain at home with their children. E. All of these were part of NOW's agenda.
D. Government programs should make it easier for women to remain at home with their children.
Which of the following statements concerning the birth control pill is true? A. It was accepted because by the time it was introduced most states had repealed their restrictions on contraceptive use. B. It was hailed as technology that would end welfare and poverty. C. It was widely available to college women via campus health centers. D. It provided women with reliable birth control that removed the prospect of unwanted pregnancies. E. It caused the 1960s' sexual revolution in the United States.
D. It provided women with reliable birth control that removed the prospect of unwanted pregnancies.
How was war avoided in the Cuban missile crisis? A. the United States agreed to remove its missiles from Europe in exchange for the Soviets' taking their missiles out of Cuba. B. Kennedy agreed to remove Western troops from East Berlin in exchange for Khrushchev's order to dismantle Soviet missiles in Cuba. C. the United States agreed to stop its bombing of North Vietnam in exchange for the Soviets' removal of missiles with nuclear warheads from Cuba. D. Khrushchev agreed to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba in exchange for Kennedy's pledge not to invade that country. E. Kennedy ended the embargo of Cuba, and Khrushchev transferred its missiles to China.
D. Khrushchev agreed to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba in exchange for Kennedy's pledge not to invade that country.
The My Lai Massacre is significant not only for its tragic violence against civilian women and children, but also because A. It transformed William Calley into a national hero. B. It contributed to U.S. defeat in the Vietnam War. C. Massive numbers of American soldiers died in a retaliatory raid. D. Photos and news coverage of this event contributed to the growing anti-war movement. E. All of these choices
D. Photos and news coverage of this event contributed to the growing anti-war movement.
Which of the following was not one of the programs enacted during the Johnson administration? A. VISTA B. Project Head Start C. Job Corps D. Social Security E. A war on poverty
D. Social Security
President Nixon's policy of increased heavy bombing of North Vietnam in December 1972 A. caused the People's Republic of China to send a large army to North Vietnam to fight the United States. B. destroyed all chance of a negotiated peace because Le Due Tho walked out of the Paris peace talks in protest. C. caused the North Vietnamese to release their supplies of nerve gas and anthrax. D. broke the deadlock in the peace talks and got the North Vietnamese to agree to terms. E. brought Nixon close to defeat in his bid for reelection that year.
D. broke the deadlock in the peace talks and got the North Vietnamese to agree to terms.
Richard Nixon's foreign-policy accomplishments included all of the following except A. beginning negotiations to end the war in Vietnam. B. checking Soviet expansionism. C. limiting the nuclear-arms race. D. overthrowing the communist government of Red China. E. detente.
D. overthrowing the communist government of Red China.
All of the following illustrate gains made by the women's movement except A. passage of Title IX B. new rape laws C. rising numbers of women in military academies D. passage of the Equal Rights Amendment E. greater protection for victims of domestic violence and prosecution of abusers
D. passage of the Equal Rights Amendment
In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that A. busing should be used to desegregate schools. B. racial quotas are only applicable under limited circumstances. C. school-sponsored prayer is unconstitutional. D. states could not restrict women's constitutional right to abortion in the first trimester of a pregnancy. E. the death penalty was unconstitutional.
D. states could not restrict women's constitutional right to abortion in the first trimester of a pregnancy.
Which of the following statements does not accurately describe conditions in the American army in Vietnam by 1969? A. morale had plummeted and drug use had soared. B. racial conflict among American soldiers had increased. C. killing of officers by enlisted men had become more common. D. troop strength had risen to about 700,000. E. American soldiers mutinied against their commanders.
D. troop strength had risen to about 700,000.
What percentage of the American population was under the age of 30 in the 1960s? A. 10% B. 20% C. 30% D. 40% E. 50%
E. 50%
The term "Red Power" describes A. the younger segment of the Native American civil rights movement B. Indian protests for protection of land, water rights and sacred sites C. Native American efforts to reassert old treaties and stop police harassment D. an effort to establish cultural programs and reawaken Native American spiritual beliefs E. All of these choices
E. All of these choices
From 1966 to 1968, students on campuses across America A. transformed campus protests for curricular reform, less restrictive rules and freedom of speech into mass social movements. B. shifted from protest to resistance. C. demonstrated against the war and racism. D. inspired protests among students in France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico and South Korea. E. All of these choices.
E. All of these choices.
What characterized the American economy during the Carter presidency? A. The worst depression since the 1930s B. Rapid business expansion C. Record low unemployment D. Creeping inflation brought about by steady business growth E. Business stagnation and skyrocketing inflation
E. Business stagnation and skyrocketing inflation
The Bay of Pigs incident was the failed attempt by CIA-supported rebels to overthrow A. Saddam Hussein. B. Nikita Khrushchev. C. Sigmun Rhea. D. Mao Zedong. E. Fidel Castro.
E. Fidel Castro.
Which of the following was not one of the approaches President Nixon took in an attempt to solve the nation's economic problems? A. He expanded deficit spending. B. He tried to reduce government expenditures. C. He increased interest rates. D. He imposed wage-and-price controls. E. He implemented a huge corporate tax cut.
E. He implemented a huge corporate tax cut.
What did the SALT I agreement do? A. It arranged for the Soviet Union's purchase of at least $750 million in American grain over a three-year period. B. It brought about the end of the OPEC oil embargo. C. It called for a phased withdrawal of American missiles and troops in Europe, in exchange for a comparable Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. D. It banned all chemical and biological weapons. E. It froze each side's offensive nuclear missiles for five years.
E. It froze each side's offensive nuclear missiles for five years.
Which of the following was not one of the reasons that George McGovern overwhelmingly lost the 1972 presidential election? A. His vice-presidential running mate had received electric-shock therapy for nervous depression. B. He endorsed income redistribution and the decriminalization of marijuana. C. The Nixon campaign kept information about the Watergate burglary contained. D. There was a widely held perception that he was inept and radical. E. Nixon supporters broke into the Democratic National Committee headquarters and stole the election by falsifying ballots.
E. Nixon supporters broke into the Democratic National Committee headquarters and stole the election by falsifying ballots.
What did the experiences of late 1960s communes demonstrate? A. Attempting to go against the Establishment led communal residents to drugs, venereal disease, and crime. B. Most Americans would have accepted the communal ethic if the news media had portrayed it favorably. C. Countercultures in the United States never can succeed or gain much following because of the power of the American ideology of family and sharing. D. Groups that try to live a life of sharing closer to nature on rural communes will inevitably turn an urban neighborhood into an overcrowded, over-commercialized slum. E. Some people sought to escape the urban-corporate world and live more naturally, but most communes were short-lived.
E. Some people sought to escape the urban-corporate world and live more naturally, but most communes were short-lived.
Which of the following was not one of the decisions of the Warren court? A. Bible reading and prayer were not permissible in public schools. B. States could not ban the use of contraceptives. C. Communities' power to censor books and films was limited. D. Police had to advise a suspect of his or her constitutional right to remain silent. E. The Constitution protected a woman's right to an abortion.
E. The Constitution protected a woman's right to an abortion.
Which of the following was an explanation offered for the destructive race riots that swept American cities between 1964 and 1968? A. they were revolutionary violence to overthrow a racist, reactionary society. B. they were evidence of a communist plot to subvert the United States. C. they were senseless outbursts by troublemakers. D. they were the product of white racism, poverty, slum housing, poor education, and police brutality. E. all of these choices
E. all of these choices
What were the goals of the Students for a Democratic Society? A. a society in which democratic institutions were fully protected from subversion by the international communist conspiracy. B. the Democratic party in control of both the Senate and the House of Representatives. C. 100 percent participation from American colleges in the 1968 national Model Congress to be held in Chicago. D. a society in which the votes of college-age Americans would be weighted more heavily than the votes of retirees. E. the transformation of the United States into a "participatory democracy" in which citizens would have direct control over decision making.
E. the transformation of the United States into a "participatory democracy" in which citizens would have direct control over decision making.
Who ran against Lyndon Johnson for president in the 1964 election? A. Richard Nixon B. Barry Goldwater C. Hubert Humphrey D. Eugene McCarthy E. George McGovern
B. Barry Goldwater
Who was accused of assassinating John F. Kennedy? A. William Miller B. Medgar Evers C. Lee Harvey Oswald D. Jack Ruby E. Malcolm Little
C. Lee Harvey Oswald
Why did the Nixon administration attempt to halt the publication of the Pentagon Papers? A. They contained damaging revelations about the Nixon administration's policy in Vietnam. B. They chronicled two decades of waste, mismanagement, and ineffective weapons systems, and the administration feared that public trust in the defense establishment would be undermined. C. They revealed a long history of government lies that could further undermine public trust in government statements about the Vietnam War. D. They contained embarrassing details of Daniel Ells berg's psychiatric therapy, and the administration feared that a national hero would be publicly discredited. E. They were to be published in The New York Times and the Washington Post, both of which had long been on his "enemies list."
C. They revealed a long history of government lies that could further undermine public trust in government statements about the Vietnam War.
What did the Nixon Doctrine state? A. United States would help to defend, by military means if necessary, the territorial integrity of any nation threatened by communism. B. United States would use force, if necessary, to ensure that Latin American nations elected honest, pro-American governments. C. United States would provide financial and moral support to nations facing communist subversion, but such nations would have to defend themselves. D. United States would work to support human rights around the globe. E. United States would support free trade and capitalism throughout the globe.
C. United States would provide financial and moral support to nations facing communist subversion, but such nations would have to defend themselves.
Which music festival came to symbolize the 1960s counterculture? A. Haight-Ashbury B. Greenwich C. Woodstock D. Castle Rock E. Carnegie Hall
C. Woodstock
In the 1960s, what did the term "counterculture" refer to? A. a conservative movement among American youth who were nostalgic for the simple habits of the 1950s. B. an environmental movement dedicated to countering the polluting effects of American consumer culture. C. a youth culture that was radically disaffiliated from the mainstream assumptions of American society. D. an urban middle-class reform movement that opposed the growing use of "uppers" and "downers" throughout American society. E. a movement to increase American consumerism in order to solve the nation's economic woes.
C. a youth culture that was radically disaffiliated from the mainstream assumptions of American society.
Which of the following accurately describes Lyndon Johnson's policy on civil rights? A. adopted a cautious "wait and see" attitude that betrayed fear of upsetting his southern constituents. B. emphasized on increased educational opportunities for African-Americans, but failure to address immediate economic concerns. C. won passage of a sweeping civil-rights law that granted the federal government new powers to fight segregation. D. delivered strong speeches but failed to produce significant legislation because of a continuing southern filibuster. E. frequent used federal troops and lavish government spending.
C. won passage of a sweeping civil-rights law that granted the federal government new powers to fight segregation.