APUSH Fall Final

The Republican Party originated in the mid- 1850's as a sectional party committed to which of the following? (A) Opposition to the further extension of slavery into the territories (B) Immediate emancipation of the slaves (C) Repeal of Whig economic policies (D) Restriction of immigration (E) Acknowledgement of popular sovereignty as the basis for organizing federal territories.

(A) Opposition to the further extension of slavery into the territories

Which of the following statements about the "American System" is correct? (A) It was set up by the Treaty of Ghent at the end became much more expensive of the War of 1812. (B) The sewing machine made mass manufacturing of clothing possible and clothing more affordable (C) It was strongly promoted by Andrew Jackson. (D) It permitted immigrants to be naturalized after living in the United States for five years. (E) It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency

(E) It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency

A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harboured thereabouts." Which of the following statements about conditions under slavery is best supported by the passage above? (A) Slaves had no opportunity to develop their own culture and society. (B) Slaves commonly formed settlements of their own away from the plantations. (C) Slaves lived entirely independently of their masters. (D) Slaves frequently associated with free Black people. (E) Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations.

(E) Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations.

Which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850's? (A) The admission of California as a free state (B) The establishment of the principle of popular sovereignty in the Mexican cession (C) The ban on the slave trade in the District of Columbia (D) The continued protection of slavery in the District of Columbia (E) The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law.

(E) The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law.

The call for the "immediate and uncompensated emancipation of the slaves" is associated with the position of (A) the Free Soil party (B) the evangelical churches in both the North and the South (C) Abraham Lincoln in his debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Freeport, Illinois (D) John Quincy Adams in his demands for repeal of the "gag rule" (E) William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator

(E) William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator

The goals of educational reformers in the antebellum years included all of the following EXCEPT (A) compulsory school-attendance laws (B) the use of state and local tax money to finance public education (C) the establishment of teacher-training schools (D) a standardized length for the school year (E) federal financing of secondary education

(E) federal financing of secondary education

The majority of White families in the antebellum South owned (A) more than 100 slaves (B) 50 to 100 slaves (C) 10 to 50 slaves (D) 5 to 10 slaves (E) no slaves.

(E) no slaves

Daniel Webster's address to the Senate in 1830 in reply to Senator Hayne is best remembered for its (A) attack on the Tariff of Abominations (B) defense of the principle of national union (C) assertion of the idea of States' rights (D) apology for New England's disloyalty in the War of 1812 (E) praise for President Andrew Jackson

B. defense of the principle of national union

All of the following contributed to the decline of open-range cattle ranching at the end of the nineteenth century EXCEPT A. excessively cold winters B. federal recognition of American Indian land claims C. a drop in cattle prices at stockyards D. overgrazing E. production of crops for distant markets

B. federal recognition of American Indian land claims

The second Sioux war (1875-1876), which saw the defeat of Custer at the battle of the Little Big Horn was caused by all of the following EXCEPT A. The extension of the route of the Northern Pacific railroad B. The gold rush in the black hills C. A concentrated effort on the part of the major Protestant denominations to convert the Sioux into Christianity D. Corruption within the Department of the Interior E. Overland migration of the settlers to the Pacific Northwest

C. A concentrated effort on the part of the major Protestant denominations to convert the Sioux into Christianity

Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system in the late nineteenth-century South? A. A major redistribution of land ownership B. A diversification of crops C. A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers D. A rise in cotton yields per acre from antebellum production levels E. The termination of the control exerted by White landowners over former slaves.

C. A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers

All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures except the A. enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures B. outbreak of race riots in New Orleans and Memphis C. massive exodus of former slaves from the South D. election of former Confederates to Congress E. response of southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment

C. massive exodus of former slaves from the South

All of the following are true of railroad expansion in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that it A. opened new territories to commercial agriculture B. accelerated the growth of some older cities and created new ones C, was financed by private corporations without government assistance D. led to new managerial forms and techniques E. was often capitalized beyond what was needed

C. was financed by private corporations without government assistance

Helen Hunt Jackson's A Century of Dishonor was significant because it aroused public awareness of the A. injustice of having taken land from Mexico in the Southwest B. need for reforms in federal land policy C. wrongs that the federal government had inflicted on American Indians D. hardships endured by Chinese laborers while building the transcontinental railroad E. plight of sharecroppers in the Deep South

C. wrongs that the federal government had inflicted

The Black Codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War were intended to A. close public schools to the children of former slaves B. promote the return of former slaves to Africa C. enable Black citizens to vote in federal elections D. place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people E. further the integration of southern society.

D. place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people

The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that all involved a defense of (A) freedom of the seas (B) freedom of speech (C) the institution of slavery (D) states' rights (E) presidential power in foreign affairs

D. states' rights

Which of the following events does the above map represent? a. Military Districts established by Congress' Military Reconstruction Act. b. The order in which the Southern States were Reconstructed by Congress c. The order in which the Southern states adhered to President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation during Reconstruction d. The division of support for the Hayes-Tilden dispute during the Presidential Election of 1876 e. The states that were not affected by General Sherman's march.

a. Military Districts established by Congress' Military Reconstruction Act.

Throughout the first half of the nineteenth century women reformers were most active in the cause of a. temperance b. women suffrage c. pacifism d. immigrants' rights e. workers' rights

a. temperance

The immediate effect of Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States in 1834 was a. The creation of the "independent treasury" b. An expansion of credit and speculation c. The failure of state banks d. The establishment of modern banking regulations e. The creation of a federal deficit

b. An expansion of credit and speculation

President Jackson resisted the admission of Texas into the Union in 1836 primarily because he a. acknowledged the legitimacy of the Mexican Government's claim to Texas b. feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery c. was ideologically opposed to territorial expansion d. could find no support within his own party for admitting Texas e. believed that by admitting Texas would violate international law

b. feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite

Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that a. An aristocracy posed no danger to the republic b. The National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people c. Political participation by the common man should be increased d. Political rights should be granted to women e. Franchise restrictions should be racially neutral

c. Political participation by the common man should be increased

"Let Southern oppressors tremble. . . . I shall strenuously contend for immediate enfranchisement . . . . I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as just as justice" The author of this statement was a. John C. Calhoun b. Stephen A. Douglas c. Henry Clay d. Abraham Lincoln e. William L. Garrison

e. William L. Garrison

Which of the following statements about the Dred Scott decision is correct? (A) It recognized the power of Congress to prohibit slavery in the territories, but refused on technical grounds to free Scott. (B) It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States. (C) It upheld the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise. (D) It upheld the principle of popular sovereignty. (E) It freed Scott, but not other slaves in circumstances similar to Scott's.

(B) It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States.

The graph above refutes which of the following statements? (A) There were more Black people than White people in the antebellum South. (B) Most southern families held slaves. (C) Most southern families lived in rural areas. (D) The southern population was much smaller than that of the North. (E) Slave holders were an extremely powerful group.

(B) Most southern families held slaves

The Kansas-Nebraska act (1854) heightened the sectional crisis because it (A) repealed the Missouri Compromise (B) repealed the Fugitive Slave Act (C) made Kansas and Nebraska free states (D) stimulated Southern emigration to the territories taken from Mexico (E) signaled acceptance of the principle of the Wilmot Proviso

(A) repealed the Missouri Compromise

The goal of the American Colonization Society was to (A) return freed slaves to Africa (B) recruit immigrant labor for American factories (C) assimilate recent immigrants into American society (D) extend United States influence to overseas colonies (E) promote western expansion by funding internal improvements.

(A) return freed slaves to Africa

According to Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America, American individualism arose as a result of (A) the absence of an aristocracy (B) limited geographic mobility (C) the uneven distribution of wealth (D) urbanization (E) the Enlightenment

(A) the absence of an aristocracy

Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision? (A) Congress could abolish slavery at will. (B) National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories. (C) The rights of all people are protected by the Constitution. (D) Slaves residing in a free state automatically became free. (E) Through squatter sovereignty, a territory had the sole right to determine the status of slavery within its territorial limits.

(B) National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.

The theme of individualism is most evident in the writings of (A) Jonathan Edwards (B) Ralph Waldo Emerson (C) George Fitzhugh (D) Washington Irving (E) Nathaniel Hawthorne

(B) Ralph Waldo Emerson

Which of the following stressed the importance of individual inspiration, self-reliance, dissent, and nonconformity ? (A) George Whitfield (B) Ralph Waldo Emerson (C) James Fenimore Cooper (D) Joseph Smith (E) Abigail Adams

(B) Ralph Waldo Emerson

"I have come to this country to introduce an entire new state of society; to change it from an ignorant, selfish system to an enlightened social system which shall gradually unite all interests into one and remove all causes for contest between individuals." The statement above was made by which nineteenth-century Utopian reformer? (A) John Humphrey Noyes (B) Robert Owen (C) Karl Marx (D) Andrew Carnegie (E) Ann Lee

(B) Robert Owen

Members of the Hudson River School were best known for their paintings of (A) portraits (B) battle scenes (C) sporting scenes (D) landscapes (E) still lifes

(D) landscapes

Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct? (A) They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi. (B) They were limited to non-combat duty. (C) They were barred from receiving awards for valor in combat. (D) For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank. (E) For most of the war, they were led by African American officers.

(D) For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.

Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?" (A) Congress has the right to decide where slavery shall and shall not exist. (B) The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there. (C) Individual citizens can decide for themselves whether or not to hold slaves. (D) The American people shall decide where slaver will exist through a national plebiscite. (E) Individual states have the right to reject congressional decisions pertaining to slavery.

(B) The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there.

Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century? (A) England (B) Africa (C) Ireland (D) The German states (E) The Netherlands

(C) Ireland

The establishment of Brook Farm and the Oneida Community in the antebellum United States reflected (84) (A) the influence of Social Darwinism on American thinkers (B) the continued impact of Calvinist ideas on American thought (C) The blossoming of perfectionist aspirations (D) attempts to foster racial integration (E) the implementation of Masonic schemes for social improvement

(C) The blossoming of perfectionist aspirations

Which of the following best describes the situation of freedmen in the decade following the Civil War? (A) Each was given 40 acres of land and a mule by the Union government. (B) All were immediately granted political equality by the Emancipation Proclamation. (C) The majority entered sharecropping arrangements with former masters or other nearby planters. (D) They were required to pass a literacy test before being granted United States citizenship. (E) They supported the passage of Black Codes to ensure their economic and political rights.

(C) The majority entered sharecropping arrangements with former masters or other nearby planters.

Which of the following resulted from the policies of the Andrew Jackson administration? (A) A central bank was established. (B) The value of paper currency issued by individual banks became uniform. (C) The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased. (D) A nationwide banking system was begun. (E) Federal fiscal activities became linked to a system of federal banks.

(C) The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased.

Which of the following was a serious constitutional question after the Civil War? (A) The restoration of the power of the federal judiciary (B) The legality of the national banking system (C) The political and legal status of the former Confederate states (D) The relationship between the United States and Britain (E) The proposed annexation of Colombia.

(C) The political and legal status of the former Confederate states

In 1840, the American Antislavery Society split into factions because (A) its goals had been accomplished (B) most Americans rejected the goal of colonizing Black people (C) William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members (D) a new sentiment in Congress favoring abolitionism led to disagreement over the rights of former slaves (E) the death of Elijah P. Lovejoy created a struggle for power within the Organization.

(C) William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members

An important consequence of the "tariff of abominations" (1828) is that it led to the (A) taxation of consumer items (B) reelection of Andrew Jackson (C) enunciation of the doctrine of nullification (D) alliance of Southern planters and Western farmers (E) expansion of the' New England textile industry

(C) enunciation of the doctrine of nullification

An important consequence of the "tariff of abominations" (1828) is that it led to the (A) taxation of consumer items (B) reelection of Andrew Jackson (C) enunciation of the doctrine of nullification (D) alliance of Southern planters and Western farmers (E) expansion of the' New England textile industry

(C) enunciation of the doctrine of nullification

Henry Clay's "American System" called for all of the following EXCEPT (A) a tariff for the protection of industry (B) internal improvements at national government expense (C) sale of federal lands to finance higher education (D) greater reliance on domestic financial resources (E) increased trade among the sections of the nation

(C) sale of federal lands to finance higher education

In the first half of the nineteenth century, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands in Georgia received direct support from (A) the White residents of Oklahoma (B) President Andrew Jackson (C) the United States Supreme Court (D) the Democratic press (E) the United States Congress

(C) the United States Supreme Court

All of the following statements about pre-Civil War American slavery are true EXCEPT: (A) Although experience varied from one plantation to another, investments in slaves generally yielded rates of return equal to or better than other forms of investments of comparable risk in the pre-Civil War American economy (B) Although Southern legal codes did not uniformly provide for legalization and stability of slave marriage, slaves were generally able to marry, and the institution of marriage was common on Southern plantations. (C) Although slaves were mainly employed in agriculture, by the 1850's they also were employed as construction workers and industrial laborers. (D) Because of the relative ease with which slaves could gain their freedom by manumission or by purchase, the proportion of freedmen to slaves was almost equal in many areas of the South. (E) Despite the geographical diffusion of slavery throughout the South, at no time did the majority of the White families in the South own slaves.

(D) Because of the relative ease with which slaves could gain their freedom by manumission or by purchase, the proportion of freedmen to slaves was almost equal in many areas of the South.

The Compromise of 1850 did which of the following? (A) Admitted Texas to the Union as a slave state. (B) Admitted California to the Union under the principles of popular sovereignty. (C) Prohibited slavery in the District of Columbia. (D) Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law. (E) Adjusted the Texas-Mexico boundary.

(D) Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law.

The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for (A) the prohibition of slavery in Louisiana Purchase territory (B) the primacy of federal law over state legislated Black Codes (C) the abolition of the international slave trade (D) the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War (E) federal return of fugitive slaves.

(D) the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War

Which of the following was LEAST involved in the struggle for women's riglits? -. (A) Elizabeth Cady Stanton (B) Alice Paul (C) Lucretia Mott (D) Carrie Chapman Catt (E) Dorothea Dix

(E) Dorothea Dix

When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to A) end the Civil War (B) abolish slavery (C) free slaves held in the border slates (D) alienate Britain and France (E) strengthen the moral cause of the Union.

(E) strengthen the moral cause of the Union.

The American Colonization Society was established in the early nineteenth century with the goal of (A) encouraging immigration from Ireland and Germany (B) encouraging Chinese contract laborers to emigrate to the United States (C) settling White Americans on western lands (D) settling American Indians on reservations (E) transporting African Americans to Africa

(E) transporting African Americans to Africa

Frederick Jackson Turner was the first historian to A. Analyze the effects of an open frontier on American national development B. Analyze the impact of immigration on nativist political movements C. Analyze the contributions of third party movements D. Compare and contrast the goals of the Populist and Progressive movements E. Compare and contrast the New Deal and Great Society programs

A. Analyze the effects of an open frontier on American national development

The Dawes Act (1887) did which of the following? A. Divided Native American tribal lands into individual holdings. B. Promoted the preservation of Native American cultural identity. C. Granted immediate citizenship to Native Americans. D. Set up the reservation system. E. Forbade the use of Native American languages in public schools.

A. Divided Native American tribal lands into individual holdings.

The horizontal integration of American industry (i.e. One firm acquiring control of other firms that produce the same product) that occurred at the end of the nineteenth century was primarily a response to A. Economic competition B. High tariffs C. Powerful labor unions D. Federal monetary policy E. Federal regulation of business

A. Economic competition

Which of the following best accounts for the success of the American Federation of Labor in organizing labor in the late 1800s? A. Its policy of organizing only skilled craftsmen B. Its organization of all workers within a single industry into one union C. Its policy of racial inclusiveness D. Its campaign for a minimum wage E. Its active recruitment of immigrant workers

A. Its policy of organizing only skilled craftsmen

The goal of American Colonization Society was most favorable to A. Return free slaves to Africa B. recruit immigrant labor for American factories C. assimilate recent immigrants into American society D. extend United States influence to overseas colonies E. promote western expansion by funding internal improvements

A. Return free slaves to Africa

The decisions of the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries generally did which of the following? A. Strengthened the position of big business. B. Strengthened the regulatory powers of the federal government. C. Strengthened the position of organized labor. D. Protected the civil and political rights of African Americans. E. Protected the civil and political rights of women.

A. Strengthened the position of big business.

The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887 was to A. assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture B. recognize and preserve the tribal cultures of American Indians C. legally establish the communal nature of American Indian landholding D. restore to American Indians land seized unjustly E. remove all American Indians to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma)

A. assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture

The direct impact of the Civil War on the economy included all of the following EXCEPT A. The emergence of the trust as a form of business organization B. the initiation of transcontinental railroad building C. runaway inflation in the South D. the creation of a more uniform national banking system E. disruption of cotton exports to England.

A. the emergence of the trust as a form of business organization

"Competition is a law of nature . . . and can no more be done away with than gravitation. . . . [I]f we do not like surival of the fittest, me have only one possible alternative, survival of the unfittest. The former is the law of civilization, the latter is the law of anti-civilization." The quote above is an example of which of the following schools of thought? A. Dialectic materialism B. Utopian socialism C. Social Darwinism D. Transcendentalism E. Existentialism

C. Social Darwinism

Which of the following labor organizations endorsed concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions? A. The Knights of Labor B. The Molly Maguires C. The American Federation of Labor D. The Industrial Workers of the World E. The National Labor Union

C. The American Federation of Labor

Which of the following was true of the American labor movement in the late nineteenth century? A. It was controlled by immigrant socialists and anarchists. B. It was confined to factory workers. C. It was protected from employer harassment by federal law and policy. D. It was allied with the Democratic party. E. It was involved in a number of violent strikes.

E. It was involved in a number of violent strikes.

Members of the Ashcan school of art are best known for their paintings of A. Religious themes B. Landscapes C. Battle scenes and military commanders D. Skyscrapers and bridges E. Urban barrooms and tenements

E. Urban barrooms and tenements

The precipitating factor in the 1894 Pullman strike was Pullman's A. dismissal of union workers B. introduction of scrip in part payment of wages C. retraction of its promise to provide an employee insurance and retirement plan D. employment of immigrant labor at less than a living wage E. cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rates

E. cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rates