APUSH Period 8 practice MCQ

"We will stay in Vietnam because a just nation cannot leave to the cruelties of its enemies a people who have staked their lives and independence on America's solemn pledge - a pledge which had grown through the commitment of three American Presidents." "We will stay because Asia - and around the world - are countries whose independence rests, in large measure, on confidence in America's word and in American protection. To yield to force in Vietnam would weaken that confidence, would undermine the independence of many lands, and would whet the appetite of aggression. We would have to fight in one land, and then we would have to fight in another - or abandon much of Asia to the domination of the Communists." In which way did Johnson most significantly depart from the policies of previous presidents regarding Vietnam? A. He used a larger number of U.S. troops in combat roles. B. He was more successful in negotiating with North Vietnam. C. He set a lower limit on the number of U.S. troops sent to Vietnam. D. He gave more decision - making authority to the generals.

A.

"We will stay in Vietnam because a just nation cannot leave to the cruelties of its enemies a people who have staked their lives and independence on America's solemn pledge - a pledge which had grown through the commitment of three American Presidents." "We will stay because Asia - and around the world - are countries whose independence rests, in large measure, on confidence in America's word and in American protection. To yield to force in Vietnam would weaken that confidence, would undermine the independence of many lands, and would whet the appetite of aggression. We would have to fight in one land, and then we would have to fight in another - or abandon much of Asia to the domination of the Communists." Which of the following best characterizes the position of the president's antiwar critics? A. The war threatened to cause an inflationary cycle. B. The conflict was primarily a civil war between factions in Vietnam. C. The containment policy would not work in Asia. D. The continued involvement would weaken trust between the United States and its allies.

B

"Last Sunday, more than eight thousand of us started on a mighty walk from Selma, Alabama... Our whole campaign in Alabama has been centered around the right to vote. In focusing the attention of the nation and the world today on the flagrant denial of the right to vote, we are exposing the very origin, the root cause, of racial segregation in the Southland... The segregation of the races was really a political stratagem employed by the emerging Bourbon conservative interests in the South to keep the southern masses divided and southern labor the cheapest in the land... The threat of the free exercises of the ballot by the Negro and the white masses alike resulted in the establishment of a segregated society..." 'Let us march on ballot boxes until brotherhood becomes more than a meaningless word in an opening prayer, but the order of the day on every legislative agenda... How long? Not long, because the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice." Which of the following best explains the result of the 1965 march from Selma to Montgomery? A. The marchers, along with Dr. King, were jailed for civil disobedience. B. Under pressure, Congress passed the most effective voting rights since Reconstruction. C. There was White backlash against Blacks for demanding too much. D. Race riots were sparked in cities across the nation.

B.

"The fault is not in organization, in short; it is in our worship of it. It is in our vain quest for a Utopian equilibrium, which would be horrible if it ever did come to pass; it is in the soft-minded denial that there is a conflict between the individual and society... There is little room for virtuoso performances... Business is so complex, even in its non technical aspects, that no one man can master all of it; to do his job, therefore, he must be able to work with other people... Quite obviously to anyone who worked in a big organization, those who survived best were not necessarily the fittest but, in more cases than not, those who by birth and personal connections had the breaks." Which of the following trends in the United States during the mid - 20th century most directly contributed to the perspective expressed in the excerpt? A. The spreading influence of the military-industrial complex. B. The increasing domination of the economy by large corporations. C. The increasing diversity of middle-class suburbs. D. The rising percentage of inner-directed students graduated college.

B.

"The leaders of the Independence movements were a different type than America's founding fathers... The vast majority of them governed in an authoritarian manner. Many were Marxists... However, much America might dissociate from European colonialism. American leaders, to their chagrin, found themselves perceived in developed countries as useful auxiliaries from the imperialist camp rather than as genuine partners... Above all, populist leaders like Nasser saw no further in being identified with the West... Nonalignment was for them as much a domestic necessity as a foreign policy choice." One claim that could be used to refute Kissinger's statement that "the leaders of the independence movements were a different type than Ameria's Founding Fathers" would be that both groups. A. Opposed efforts to protect civil liberties such as freedom of the press. B. Wanted to avoid conflicts that involved more powerful countries. C. Distrusted wealthy and highly educated individuals as political leaders. D. recognized the benefits of imperialism for small weak countries

B.

"Truman found saving the free world easier than governing America .... "By the time war broke out in Korea, the Fair Deal was over, Truman had tried to accomplish too much with too little, ending up with practically nothing. Without a liberal majority in Congress, there could not be much in the way of liberal legislation. Through the Truman years, domestic politics was a thing of rags and patches, a time when problems were ignored, programs shelved, and partisanship allowed to run rampant. Yet a recent history of the period 1945-1950 is called The Best Years because that is how they were remembered." One example that supports O'Neill's claim that "problems were ignored, programs shelved" under Truman was the debate over A. Number of terms for a president. B. The Strength of Unions. C. A national health insurance system. D. The minimum wage.

C.

"We will stay in Vietnam because a just nation cannot leave to the cruelties of its enemies a people who have staked their lives and independence on America's solemn pledge - a pledge which had grown through the commitment of three American Presidents." "We will stay because Asia - and around the world - are countries whose independence rests, in large measure, on confidence in America's word and in American protection. To yield to force in Vietnam would weaken that confidence, would undermine the independence of many lands, and would whet the appetite of aggression. We would have to fight in one land, and then we would have to fight in another - or abandon much of Asia to the domination of the Communists." What foreign policy development supports the perspective presented in this excerpt? A. The practice of brinkmanship. B. The process of decolonization. C. The belief in the domino theory. D. The principle of mutually assured destruction.

C.

It is clear that the mean element of any United States policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies... It is clear that the United States cannot expect in the foreseeable future to enjoy political intimacy with the Soviet régime. It must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner, in the political arena. It must continue to expect that Soviet policies will reflect no abstract love of peace and stability, no real faith in the possibility of a permanent happy coexistence of the Socialist and capitalist worlds, but rather a cautious, persistent pressure toward the disruption and weakening of all rival influence and rival power. 1. Which one of the following best reflects the policies advocated in the above excerpt? A. The proposal to militarily roll back communism in Eastern Europe B. General MacArthur's criticism of the concept of limited wars C. The Truman Doctrine of Aid to Greece and Turkey D. George Marshall's negotiations to end the Chinese civil war.

C.

"Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. In finding that a segregated law school for Negroes could not provide them equal educational opportunities, this Court relied in large part on "those qualities which are incapable of objective measurement but which make for greatness in a law school. Such considerations apply with added force to children in grade and high schools. To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their -hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone... We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."' Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." Which of the following is the most important claim in the argument presented in this portion of the Brown verdict? A. All-Black schools were not as well equipped as an all-White schools. B. Black and White students attended separate schools only because of residential patterns rather than required racial segregation. C. Segregated schools existed in southern but not northern states. D. Psychological research indicated the negative effects of segregation on African American Children

D.

"The United States Senate has long enjoyed worldwide respect as the greatest deliberative body in the world. But recently that deliberative character has too often been debased to the level of a forum of hate and character assassination sheltered by the shield of congressional immunity. The American people are sick and tired of being afraid to speak their minds lest they be politically smeared as "Communists" or "Fascists" by their opponents. Freedom of speech is not what it used to be in America. It has been so abused by some that it is not exercised by others... As an American, I am shocked at the way Republicans and Democrats alike are playing directly into the Communist design of "confuse, divide, and conquer." As an American, I do not want a Democratic administration "whitewash" or "cover up" any more than I want a Republican smear or witch hunt." Which of the following most directly contributed to the conditions that allowed members of the Senate to engage in what Smith called "character assassination" at this time. A. The 1st Amendment guaranteed that all people, including senators, had the unrestricted right to say anything. B. The Republicans controlled Congress and therefore could freely attack Democrats. C. The president had been using unsupported allegations to lead attacks on the loyalty of members of Congress. D. Members of the Senate and House were protected from legal actions against them for what they said while in Congress.

D.