Apush prior test questions, 1st semester final

How did the economic, geographic, and social factors encourage the growth of slavery as an important part of the economy of the southern colonies between 1607 and 1775?

In the Southern Colonies there was great land for farming, however Europeans did not want to be doing the work themselves. Slavery allowed them to have free labor so they could earn money from their work without having to pay anyone. Sugar and tobacco platations were very popular and make the colonists lots of money. Slavery became racially based and Africans were being transported to the Americas.

"You have told us that we do not know the One who gives us life and being, who is Lord of the heavens and of the earth. You also say that those we worship are not gods. This way of speaking is entirely new to us, and very scandalous. We are frightened by this way of speaking because our forebears who engendered and governed us never said anything like this. . . "It would be a fickle, foolish thing for us to destroy the most ancient laws and customs left by the first inhabitants of this land. . . . All of us together feel that it is enough to have lost, enough that the power and royal jurisdiction have been taken from us. As for our gods, we will die before giving up serving and worshiping them. This is our determination; do what you will." Lords and holy men of Tenochtitlan [the Aztec capital], reply to the Franciscans in 1524 after the conquest of Mexico, from a Spanish account written in 1564 Which of the following most immediately resulted from the Columbian Exchange? a. Rise of mercantilism as an economic system b. Decline of Native American populations due to disease c. Growth of feudalism in Europe d. Expansion of the trans-Atlantic slave trade

b. Decline of Native American populations due to disease

Please answer all parts of the question (a, b, and c,) in complete sentences. (a) Name and briefly describe one major way in which the Constitutional Convention delegates compromised over the question of how many representatives in Congress should each state have. (b) Name and briefly describe one major way in which the Constitutional Convention delegates compromised over the question of how should slaves be counted when determining a state's total population (c) Name and briefly describe one major way in which the Constitutional Convention delegates compromised over the question of how should the president be chosen.

The Great Compromise solved the problem how they would chose how many representatives each state got. They decided that in one house the states would get equal representation and in the other the representation would be based on the states population. There is also the 3/5 Compromise that said slaves would be concidered 3/5 of a person when it came to determining a states population. Lastly, they created the electoral college which was an electoral body that formally elected the president. This was a good mix of a democracy and republic.

Explain how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American societies in the period 1492 to 1700.

The Native American population greatly decreased due to the diseases Europeans brough with them to the New World. Native Americans were also forced to convert to christianity and give up most of their culture and land. Native Americans were also enslaved and mistreated.

What is "Three Sister Farming" method? a. Companion planting, with three plants- corn, squash, and beans, growing symbiotically. b. Planting and maintaining trees that can protect the crops by developing the microclimate c. The practice of growing different crops on the same land based on seasons is crop rotation. d. A system to grow many plants of different species in the same area.

a. Companion planting, with three plants- corn, squash, and beans, growing symbiotically.

Which of the following did not contribute to patterns of native settlement? a. Domestication of horses. b. Domestication of corn. c. Hunter gatherers became more sedentary. d. The natural environment.

a. Domestication of horses.

Which of the following denominations benefited the least from the Second Great Awakening? a. Episcopalians b. Methodists c. Presbyterians d. Baptists

a. Episcopalians

Which is a tenet of Transcendentalism? a. Everyone is capable of understanding God through the use of intuition. b. Inspiration comes from civilization and society. c. The individual is secondary to God and nature. d. God is a distant, uninvolved being.

a. Everyone is capable of understanding God through the use of intuition.

During Monroe's presidency, he and his secretary of state signed the Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain which gave the U.S. which piece of land? a. Florida b. California c. Oregon d. Alabama

a. Florida

Andrew Jackson's background differed from previous American presidents for which of the following reasons? a. He grew up very poor b. His childhood taught him the importance of racial equality c. He never served in the military d. He briefly fought for the British during the Revolutionary War

a. He grew up very poor

What was the impact of the Salem witch trials on the Puritan leadership of Massachusetts? a. Many felt the Puritan powers were weakened because of their early support for the witch trials. b. The Puritan leadership tried to have as little to do with the witch trials as possible. c. Most felt the Puritan fathers had saved the colony from a dangerous group of radicals. d. A number of powerful Puritan leaders were accused of being witches themselves.

a. Many felt the Puritan powers were weakened because of their early support for the witch trials.

Use the following excerpt to answer the following questions. "What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington."- John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815 Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the American Revolution to the 1760s? a. Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies b. The forging of American Indian political alliances with European powers c. The expansion of the colonial population into the interior of the continent d. Increased involvement of colonial merchants in the Atlantic economy

a. Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies

Use the following excerpt to answer the following questions. A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harboured thereabouts." Which of the following statements about conditions under slavery is best supported by the passage above? a. Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations. b. Slaves lived entirely independently of their masters. c. Slaves commonly formed settlements of their own away from the plantations. d. Slaves had no opportunity to develop their own culture and society.

a. Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations.

A tax that the British Parliament placed on newspapers and official documents sold in the American Colonies. a. Stamp Act b. Townshend Duties c. Continental Congress d. Sugar Act

a. Stamp Act

What is Judicial Review? a. Supreme Court gets the final say on interpreting the constitution and making sure congress makes laws that the constitution says that it can. b. The president is the ultimate supreme of the executive branch and they can overrule what the constitution says. c. The chief justice is the only person that can review laws. d. Judges are supposed to review every person that is making a law to ensure that they are credible to be in government.

a. Supreme Court gets the final say on interpreting the constitution and making sure congress makes laws that the constitution says that it can.

"Few wives in antebellum America enjoyed a life free from labor. Family life depended on the smooth performance of an extensive array of unpaid occupations in the household, and on the presence . . . of someone to provide that work—to supervise the children through the vicissitudes of a changing social and economic order; to make and mend clothes, quilts, pillows, and other household furnishings; to shop for items the household could afford . . . , and scavenge . . . for those it could not; to clean, cook, and bake; and, whenever necessary, to move from unpaid to paid labor to bolster the household income. The growth . . . of the cash [economy] of the Northeast had not rendered this labor superfluous. Nor had it reduced housework to unskilled labor." Jeanne Boydston, historian, Home and Work, 1990 Which of the following most directly contributed to the situation described in the excerpt? a. The Market Revolution b. The emergence of mass political parties c. Increased immigration d. The Abolitionist Movement

a. The Market Revolution

What was seen as the ultimate Religious Authority after the First Great Awakening? a. The bible. b. Words from priest and ministers. c. Sermons. d. One's own thoughts and prayers.

a. The bible.

Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense attacked which of the following? a. The king of England and the principle of monarchy b. Politicians who believed a small island could not effectively rule a distant continent c. France for its failure to support the colonial war effort d. Parliament for its continued opposition to the king of England

a. The king of England and the principle of monarchy

Why Three Sisters agricultural system that combined beans, corn, and squash important? a. Those three crops together worked symbiotically to provide complete nutrition b. Beans, corn, and squash were the three cash crops that the Iroquois harvested and sold to England in order to fund the operations of their Confederacy c. Those three crops attracted wild turkeys to Mohawk communities, making hunting much more convenient

a. Those three crops together worked symbiotically to provide complete nutrition

Read the passage and answer the question below. "I reckon it was hot, 'cause in less than two days, 21 white men, women, and children, and 44 Negroes, was slain. My granddaddy say that in the woods and at Stono, where the war start, there was more than 100 Negroes in line. When the militia come in sight of them at Combahee swamp, the drinking, dancing Negroes scatter in the brush and only 44 stand their ground. Commander Cato speak for the crowd. He say: 'We don't like slavery. We start to join the Spanish in Florida. We surrender but we not whipped yet and we is not converted.' The other 43 say: 'Amen.' They was taken, unarmed, and hanged by the militia." -Source: George Cato, account of the Stono Rebellion in 1739 Which of the following describes a long-term response by English colonists after Stono Rebellion? a. instituting slave codes to prevent further uprisings b. passing laws to protect enslaved people from physical abuse c. sending all of their enslaved Africans to Spanish Florida d. creating limits for the maximum years of enslavement

a. instituting slave codes to prevent further uprisings

The Constitutional Convention designed the electoral college to a. insulate the presidency from the popular will b. protect the sovereignty of the states c. strengthen the legislative branch against the executive branch d. ensure the independence of the judiciary

a. insulate the presidency from the popular will

Colonial cities functioned primarily as a. mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods b. centers where large scale financial and banking operations were conducted c. places were most poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans d. places to which wage earners commuted from numerous surrounding communities

a. mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods

Please refer to the passage below to answer this question. "Around 7,000 years ago, agriculture emerged in Mesoamerica, including the domestication of maize, beans, and squash, causing major changes in the plants that people cultivated. Three sisters agriculture had spread across Mexico by 3,500 years ago, though they originated at different times." -Source: Amanda J. Landon, anthropologist, "The 'How' of the Three Sisters," 2008 How did the cultivation of maize affect settlement patterns in the American Southwest and present-day Mexico? a. It caused Native Americans in the area to live a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, where most of their diet was dependent on animals they hunted. b. It caused Native Americans in the area to develop permanent settlements supported by farming and irrigation systems. c. It caused Native Americans in the area to live a nomadic lifestyle because they were not able to make their own food. d. It caused Native Americans in the area to develop permanent settlements supported by a hunter-gatherer lifestyle.

b. It caused Native Americans in the area to develop permanent settlements supported by farming and irrigation systems.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the Black Legend? a. It's a period during the Middle Ages that describes the foundation of medieval lore. b. It's a myth that describes the Spanish exploration era and Spain's abuse of natives and their own people. c. It's a period of history that describes the civil rights movement in the New World. d. It was a period of time that was marked with the Black Death and the plague.

b. It's a myth that describes the Spanish exploration era and Spain's abuse of natives and their own people.

This region had a mix of cultures, religions, and traditions; sometimes referred to as "the melting pot" a. New England b. Middle c. Southern

b. Middle

The trade route African slaves were on was known as the__ a. Great Migration b. Middle Passage c. Triangular Trade d. Slavery

b. Middle Passage

What did Native Societies develop around? a. Trade b. Natural Environment c. Religion d. Economy

b. Natural Environment

What was seen as the ultimate Religious Authority after the First Great Awakening? a. Words from priest and ministers. b. The bible. c. One's own thoughts and prayers. d. Sermons.

b. The bible.

Use the following excerpt to answer the following questions. "What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington."- John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815 Which of the following factors most directly contradicted Adams' theory about the Revolution? a. The importance of support from European allies in defeating the British b. The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause c. The importance of colonial military victories in bringing about independence d. The existence of significant social and economic divisions within the colonies

b. The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause

The pattern depicted on the graph from 1450 to 1800 best serves as evidence of which of the following? a. The development of varied systems of racial categorization in the European colonies b. The replacement of indigenous labor and indentured servitude by enslaved Africans in New World colonies c. The susceptibility of enslaved populations to New World diseases d. The effectiveness of the abolitionist movement in Europe and the Americas

b. The replacement of indigenous labor and indentured servitude by enslaved Africans in New World colonies

When and where did the French and Indian War begin? a. The war started in 1776 in the Ohio River Valley. b. The war started in 1754 in the Ohio River Valley. c. The war started in 1754 in New England. d. The war started in 1776 in New England.

b. The war started in 1754 in the Ohio River Valley.

What was the purpose of the Women's Rights Convention? a. To fight for women's rights only b. To fight for social, civil and religious rights of women c. To fight for slavery and social rights d. To fight for civil rights for all persons including slaves

b. To fight for social, civil and religious rights of women

Female activists used which of the following expectations of gender to justify social activism? a. Most teachers were women; therefore women were understood to be more educated than men. Because of this education, women spoke with authority on social issues b. Women were expected to be the moral caretakers of the home and therefore it was their duty to speak out on moral issues c. Women were some of the most vocal supporters of manifest destiny and many feared that slave holders were consuming too much land in the West d. Women were expected to produce wages for the purpose of family stability, and slavery drove wages down

b. Women were expected to be the moral caretakers of the home and therefore it was their duty to speak out on moral issues

The Federalist papers were written in order to a. persuade voters to support Thomas Jefferson in the election of 1800 b. attain ratification of the Constitution c. mobilize popular support for keeping the Articles of Confederation d. frustrate Spanish efforts to sway the political loyalty of the Southwest

b. attain ratification of the Constitution

When the Spanish colonized the Americas, they utilized the encomienda system, in which colonial settlers... a. hired Native Americans as cooks for expeditions into the interior of the South American continent b. become a Spanish lord that would "protect" his group of natives in exchange for their unpaid labor. c. intermarried with Native peoples and converted them to Catholicism

b. become a Spanish lord that would "protect" his group of natives in exchange for their unpaid labor.

The difference in slave populations depicted in the graphs most directly resulted from differences in a. structures of British imperial control b. climate and geographic conditions for cash crop agriculture c. the degree of participation in the Atlantic economy d. colonial relationships with American Indians

b. climate and geographic conditions for cash crop agriculture

Which of the following best reflects the mot common religious groups in the different regions of Colonial America? a. New England--> Anglican, Middle Colonies--> Religious Diversity, Southern Colonies--> Puritan b. New England--> Catholics, Middle Colonies--> Religious Diversity, Southern Colonies--> Anglican c. New England--> Puritans, Middle Colonies--> Religious Diversity, Southern Colonies--> Anglican d. New England--> Puritans, Middle Colonies-->Catholics, Southern Colonies--> Anglican

c. New England--> Puritans, Middle Colonies--> Religious Diversity, Southern Colonies--> Anglican

Which British act prevented the American colonists from moving west across the Appalachian mountains? a. Stamp Act b. Coercive Acts c. Proclamation of 1763 d. Northwest Ordinance

c. Proclamation of 1763

Which of the following had the greatest influence on William Lloyd Garrison's move from gradualism to immediatism? a. His marriage to a radical abolitionist b. His first meeting with Frederick Douglass c. Reading fiery tracts penned by black northerners David Walker and James Forten d. A religious conversion at a revival led by Charles Graddison Finney

c. Reading fiery tracts penned by black northerners David Walker and James Forten

"Few wives in antebellum America enjoyed a life free from labor. Family life depended on the smooth performance of an extensive array of unpaid occupations in the household, and on the presence . . . of someone to provide that work—to supervise the children through the vicissitudes of a changing social and economic order; to make and mend clothes, quilts, pillows, and other household furnishings; to shop for items the household could afford . . . , and scavenge . . . for those it could not; to clean, cook, and bake; and, whenever necessary, to move from unpaid to paid labor to bolster the household income. The growth . . . of the cash [economy] of the Northeast had not rendered this labor superfluous. Nor had it reduced housework to unskilled labor." Jeanne Boydston, historian, Home and Work, 1990 During the first half of the nineteenth century, some women increasingly "bolster[ed] the household income," as described in the excerpt, by a. obtaining positions in textile mills b. performing clerical and secretarial labor for large corporations c. signing contracts for indentured servitude d. participating in secular and religious reform associations

a. obtaining positions in textile mills

Shays' Rebellion is significant because it a. strengthened the movement for a new constitution b. led to the establishment of the Anglican church as the official church in the colonies c. led to the expulsion of Lord Baltimore's officials from Maryland d. inspired southern states to tighten slave codes to prevent future uprisings

a. strengthened the movement for a new constitution

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Spanish conquest and colonization of the Americas? a. the Spaniards significantly outnumbered the native population b. European diseases destroyed the native population c. a three-tiered society developed made up of Europeans, Native Americans and African Slaves d. the Spaniards succeeded in exploiting the Natives.

a. the Spaniards significantly outnumbered the native population

Which situation is known as the "Columbian Exchange"? a. the exchange of goods, crops, and disease to and from the Americas and Europe b. the fee exchanged between Christopher Columbus and the Queen of Spain c. Simon Bolivar's freedom movement in what is now Colombia d. the widespread sale of opium in North America

a. the exchange of goods, crops, and disease to and from the Americas and Europe

In what yeat did Christopher Columbus begin colonizing the New World for Spain? a. 1492 b. 1493 c. 1494 d. 1495

b. 1493

What were colonists trying to express with the phrase "No taxation, without representation!" a. Colonists did not agree with the taxes, but were going to accept them. b. Colonists thought that it was unfair that they had no voice in Parliament. c. Colonists thought that the king should replace the General Assembly. d. Colonists believed that every man should think for himself.

b. Colonists thought that it was unfair that they had no voice in Parliament.

Refer to the following engraving from the late 16th Century: Which of the following statements correctly describes the consequences of European colonization? *To help you answer this- look at who is in the image and what they are doing. Connect this to what we have learned in class about the relationship between natives and spainard. Then draw conclusions about the consequences of European Colonization.* a. The effects of colonization of both Europeans and Native Americans were temporary and very small. b. Colonization brought wealth, often through exploitation of natives, to European Empires. c. Both the Europeans and Native Americans became rich and powerful by sharing the profits from economic ventures. d. The Europeans helped civilize the Native Americans and improved their quality of life by sharing technology with them.

b. Colonization brought wealth, often through exploitation of natives, to European Empires.

Use the following excerpt to answer the following questions. "May it...please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared... in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever."- The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1766 Which of the following contributed most directly to the enactment of the law in the excerpt? a. The increasing divergence between colonial and British culture in the 1700s b. Debates over how Britain's colonies should bear the cost of the French and Indian War c. The drafting of a declaration of independence for Britain's colonies in North America d. Conflicts between colonists and British army leaders over recognizing Native American sovereignty

b. Debates over how Britain's colonies should bear the cost of the French and Indian War

"Few historians would dispute that the market revolution brought substantial material benefits to most northeasterners, urban and rural.... Those who benefited most from the market revolution—merchants and manufacturers, lawyers and other professionals, and successful commercial farmers, along with their families—faced life situations very different from those known to earlier generations. The decline of the household as the locus of production led directly to a growing impersonality in the economic realm; household heads, instead of directing family enterprises or small shops, often had to find ways to recruit and discipline a wage-labor force; in all cases, they had to stay abreast of or even surpass their competitors." Sean Wilentz, historian, "Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848," published in 1997 Which of the following historical developments contributed most directly to the market revolution? a. The decline of slavery in the Northeast b. The emergence of southern opposition to tariffs c. The emergence of new forms of transportation d. The increased number of women in the paid workforce

c. The emergence of new forms of transportation

Which of the following is NOT a primary contributing source to New England Colonial economies? a. Subsistence Farming b. Shipbuilding c. Wheat and Corn production d. Fishing and Whaling

c. Wheat and Corn production

The Great Awakening was a. a trans-Atlantic philosophical and intellectual movement that held that the universe could be understood and improved by the human mind. b. a belief that the supernatural explanations for phenomena could best be explained as the work of God. c. a religious revival that resulted in the topics of Evangelism and Revivalism becoming widespread and growing. d. an American movement that claimed that experience more than anything else could provide answers to the problems of architecture and science.

c. a religious revival that resulted in the topics of Evangelism and Revivalism becoming widespread and growing.

Bacon's Rebellion is best understood as a revolt against a. treatment of slaves b. Indian raids on English settlements c. elite rule in the colony d. heavy-handed British rule

c. elite rule in the colony

The Louisiana Purchase proved politically troubling for Thomas Jefferson because of his a. veto of funding for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark's expedition b. devotion to new methods of cartography c. previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution d. disdain for involvement in a foreign country's affairs

c. previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution

Before 1492, many American Indian cultures were strongly influenced by the a. invention of the spoked wheel b. ravages of smallpox epidemics c. spread of corn cultivation d. regular contacts with Africa

c. spread of corn cultivation

Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification of the Constitution only after a. slavery was allowed to continue without federal interference b. they were assured that the Supreme Court would have the power of judicial review c. they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification d. The other states threatened to organize the government without them

c. they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification

What year was Jamestown founded? a. 1776 b. 1619 c. 1492 d. 1607

d. 1607

What was the purpose of the Intolerable Acts? a. Prevent smuggling of French goods b. To allow colonists to move into the Cherokee Territory c. To put a duty on lead, paint, and tea d. A response to the Boston Tea Party

d. A response to the Boston Tea Party

The "Gag Rule" was designed to eliminate the voice of which group in Congress? a. Suffragettes b. Proslavery advocates c. Slaves d. Abolitionists

d. Abolitionists

When Las Casas and Sepúlveda argued the moral question surrounding the exploration and conquest, Las Casas focused his arguments on which of the following? a. The natives were entitled to just treatment by the Spanish and should not be conquered. b. The natives must be converted to Christianity. c. Warfare against the natives was not justified. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Which of the following most likely accounts for the limits of United States settlement in portions of North Carolina and Georgia depicted on the map? a. Tobacco and sugarcane crops failed to thrive in those areas. b. The lands were set aside for American Indian reservations. c. The Northwest Ordinance prohibited slavery in those regions. d. American Natives maintained sovereign control over those regions.

d. American Natives maintained sovereign control over those regions.

Who was the Catholic priest who spoke out about the mistreatment of the natives? a. Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda b. Christopher Columbus c. Hernan Cortes d. Bartolome de las Casas

d. Bartolome de las Casas

Which of the following resulted from Bacon's Rebellion? a. The king recognized the legitimacy of the demands and removed Governor Berkeley. b. Greater economic opportunities were created for former indentured servants. c. Parliament acknowledged that settlers in the backcountry needed protection from Indians. d. Increasingly, plantation owners used African slaves rather than indentured servants for labor.

d. Increasingly, plantation owners used African slaves rather than indentured servants for labor.

"'I ordered my company to fire,' [George] Washington reported. . . . This incident . . . led to massive French retaliation and the outbreak of what was soon a world war. It raged in North America for six years, 1754-60, in Central and South America, in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, in India and the East, and not least in Europe, where it was known as the Seven Years War (1756-63). . . . Horace Walpole [stated]: 'The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.'" Paul Johnson, historian, A History of the American People, 1997 Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) in North America? a. Britain's desire to enact new taxes on Native American nations b. Spanish attempts to end British control of the trans-Atlantic slave trade c. Efforts by Britain to monopolize tobacco sales in Europe d. Intensified competition between France and Britain over colonies

d. Intensified competition between France and Britain over colonies

What does this image indicate about institutions that were central to New England culture? a. New Englanders believed in communal ownership of property and farm animals. b. Most New Englanders supported slavery in order to have profitable farms. c. Tradesmen played an insignificant role in New England society. d. Religion and education were central to New England values.

d. Religion and education were central to New England values.

Who was at the bottom of the social heirarchy in Colonial America? a. Indentured Servants b. Widowed Women c. Land-Owning Men d. Slaves

d. Slaves

Which of the following incidents ended with the death of five colonists and the wounding of six others, while also inflaming tensions between British military forces and American colonists? a. The Stamp Act protests b. The boycott on British Tea c. The Boston Tea Party d. The Boston Massacre

d. The Boston Massacre

What was the main idea of the Declaratory Act? a. The American colonies were formally warned not to declare independence from Great Britain. b. American colonists were required to pledge allegiance to the crown of England. c. American merchants had to declare their cargo in British ports so that the appropriate goods could be taxed d. The British Parliament had the total authority to impose laws and taxes on the American colonies.

d. The British Parliament had the total authority to impose laws and taxes on the American colonies.

Use the following excerpt to answer the following questions. "Thus, fellow citizens, have I pointed out what I thought necessary to be amended in our Federal Constitution. I beg you to call to mind our glorious Declaration of Independence, read it, and compare it with the Federal Constitution; what a degree of apostacy will you not then discover. Therefore, guard against all encroachments upon your liberties so dearly purchased with the costly expense of blood and treasure."- A Georgian, Gazette of the State of Georgia, November 15, 1787 Which of the following factors contributed most directly to the views expressed in the excerpt? a. The limitations placed on the federal government by the Articles of Confederation b. The efforts made to increase economic growth in the new nation c. The desire to settle new territory controlled by American Indians d. The fear of excessive centralized authority

d. The fear of excessive centralized authority

Why was the Declaration of Independence written? a. To declare American independence from the Patriots b. To declare American slaves' independence from their owners c. To declare British independence from France d. To declare American colonial independence from Great Britain

d. To declare American colonial independence from Great Britain

"The existence of [colonial] subregions leads us to another question: whether the Middle Colonies in fact represented a coherent region at all... In important respects, the Middle Colonies can be divided into separate societies focused around the cities of New York and Philadelphia. Thus the economies of [New York] and northern New Jersey were tied closely to that of New York City, while those of southern New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and northern Delaware were linked to Philadelphia. Those areas grew at very different rates, and they possessed quite distinct characteristics... "Nonetheless, the Middle Colonies did share a number of things. One was their geography, a combination of climate and topography and setting, which determined some of the ways the land could be put to use, its accessibility to both intra-regional and international commerce, and its strategic importance in imperial competition. It was a region organized around extensive inland waterways, which gave merchants an almost unparalleled access to the American interior, building upon trade routes that pre-dated European settlement... "Perhaps the most important argument for the coherence of the mid-Atlantic as a region is the extent to which those colonies shared a common history... "The most often-noted characteristic of the region was the diversity of its peoples...The society of the Middle Colonies surely was 'America's first plural society.' ...There were two principal sources of the growing diversity of the European settlements. One was historical: New York, New Jersey, and Delaware were all conquered colonies, with Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, and many other populations already resident at the time of English conquest. The other was the consolidation that occurred as the colonies of six European nations along the Atlantic coast in the early seventeenth century were reduced to two by century's end, those of [Protestant] England and those of [Catholic] France. The result was that [diverse] European Protestants heading for the New World were concentrated within English colonies, a situation that virtually mandated some form of toleration... Toleration and pluralism, it turns out, were not based solely on enlightened benevolence." Ned C. Landsman, historian, Crossroads of Empire: The Middle Colonies in British North America, published in 2010 Which of the following best describes Landsman's argument in the last paragraph of the excerpt? a. The spread of Enlightenment values was the main reason that pluralism developed in the Middle Colonies. b. The French colonies in North America and the Middle Colonies had very similar settler populations. c. English conquests in the Middle Colonies were harsher than the conquests of other European empires in the Americas. d. Toleration of religious diversity in the Middle Colonies was made a necessity because of patterns of migration.

d. Toleration of religious diversity in the Middle Colonies was made a necessity because of patterns of migration.

The Monroe Doctrine a. encouraged Spain and Portugal to reclaim their countries b. kept the balance of power in Congress c. Warned against forming alliances with other countries d. Warned European countries not to colonize in the Americas

d. Warned European countries not to colonize in the Americas

The Great Awakening was a. a belief that the supernatural explanations for phenomena could best be explained as the work of God. b. a trans-Atlantic philosophical and intellectual movement that held that the universe could be understood and improved by the human mind. c. an American movement that claimed that experience more than anything else could provide answers to the problems of architecture and science. d. a trans-Atlantic religious and social movement that held that all people were born sinners, that they knew this without a minister telling them, and that all people were equal in the sight of God.

d. a trans-Atlantic religious and social movement that held that all people were born sinners, that they knew this without a minister telling them, and that all people were equal in the sight of God.

Use the following excerpt to answer the following questions. "Thus, fellow citizens, have I pointed out what I thought necessary to be amended in our Federal Constitution. I beg you to call to mind our glorious Declaration of Independence, read it, and compare it with the Federal Constitution; what a degree of apostacy will you not then discover. Therefore, guard against all encroachments upon your liberties so dearly purchased with the costly expense of blood and treasure."- A Georgian, Gazette of the State of Georgia, November 15, 1787 The opinion expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been held by a. an abolitionist b. a Loyalist c. an advocate of republican motherhood d. an Anti-Federalist

d. an Anti-Federalist

The map below shows the United States immediately following the a. passage of the Northwest Ordinance b. negotiation of the Adams-Onis Treaty c. passage of the Compromise of 1850 d. passage of the Missouri Compromise

d. passage of the Missouri Compromise

The principal motivation for drafting the Bill of Rights was the desire to a. restore to the states the powers they had enjoyed under the Articles of Confederation b. test the new process of amendment described in the Constitution c. strengthen the power of the federal government d. protect rights not specified in the Constitution

d. protect rights not specified in the Constitution

Which commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies during the seventeenth century? a. cotton b. silver c. tobacco d. sugar

d. sugar

Use the following excerpt to answer the following questions. "Thus, fellow citizens, have I pointed out what I thought necessary to be amended in our Federal Constitution. I beg you to call to mind our glorious Declaration of Independence, read it, and compare it with the Federal Constitution; what a degree of apostacy will you not then discover. Therefore, guard against all encroachments upon your liberties so dearly purchased with the costly expense of blood and treasure."- A Georgian, Gazette of the State of Georgia, November 15, 1787 The views expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to... a. the elimination of the international slave trade b. a series of rebellions and revolutions in France, Haiti, and Latin America c. the creation of a strong central government d. the addition of the Bill of Rights shortly after the Constitution was adopted

d. the addition of the Bill of Rights shortly after the Constitution was adopted

Examine the image and answer the question below. Spanish casta painting categorizing mixed-race children The image most directly reflects which of the following during the Spanish colonial era? a. the decline of the asiento system b. the emergence of syncretic religious practices c. the enfranchisement of indigenous men and women d. the development of a race-based caste system

d. the development of a race-based caste system

Read the passage and answer the question below. "Whereas some doubts have arisen whether children produced by any Englishman and a negro woman should be slave or free, be it therefore enacted and declared by this present grand assembly, that all children borne in this country shall be held bond, or free only according to the condition of the mother. And if any Christian shall commit fornication with a negro man or woman, he or she so offending shall pay double the fines imposed by the former act." -Source: Virginia slave law passed by the House of Burgesses in December 1662 The excerpt would be most useful to historians as evidence for which of the following? a. the rise in the number of rebellions led by enslaved people in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries b. the economic differences between the different regions of colonies in the seventeenth century c. the role that representative governments had in enforcing the Navigation Acts in the seventeenth century d. the relationships between British colonists and enslaved Africans in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

d. the relationships between British colonists and enslaved Africans in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

After the Revolution, the concept of the "republican mother" suggested that a. voting would soon become a privilege granted to educated and/or married women b. wives and mothers would be welcome in the emerging political parties c. women's virtues had been the inspiration for the ideals of the Revolution d. women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic

d. women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic

Answer (a), (b), and (c). a. Briefly explain how ONE specific environmental or geographical feature of the New England colonies contributed to the region's unique development before 1754. b. Briefly explain how ONE specific environmental or geographical feature of the middle colonies contributed to the region's unique development before 1754. c. Briefly explain how ONE specific environmental or geographical feature of the southern colonies contributed to the region's unique development before 1754.

A) New England did not have great land for farming and this led to less use of slaves and people having jobs like trading. B) The middle colonies had good land for growing wheat and corn. This lead to more use of slaves and being called "bread basket". There was still trade and merchants however. C) The southern colonies fertile land led to the use of many slaves and the growth of cash crops.

In complete sentences: Please explain the European motives for exploration

All countries had different reasons they wanted to explore the Americas. France at first based their settlement off of furtrade and fishing. England wanted to find gold and silver, but ends up making majority of their money off of tobacco. Spain explored to find gold and made sugar plantations.

Which of the following best descibes Christopher Columbus' treatment of Native Americans? a. He and his men enslaved many native inhabitants of the West Indies and subjected them to extreme violence and brutality. b. He realized that maintaining a strong and healthy relationship among the many Indian tribes was essential to the profitable fur trade. c. By trading his tools for their furs, he helped them advance. They now had new technology and better weapons that they had never had before. d. He forced the Indians to convert to Christianity, and if they refused, there were extreme consequences that would follow.

a. He and his men enslaved many native inhabitants of the West Indies and subjected them to extreme violence and brutality.

Which of the following was true of the first Great Awakening? a. Increase in Presbyterians, Baptists, & Methodists church membership b. It was denounced by Jonathan Edwards. c. Cotton Mather was one of its most famous preachers. d. It was primarily a southern phenomenon.

a. Increase in Presbyterians, Baptists, & Methodists church membership

Why did Parliament choose to raise taxes on the American colonies beginning in 1763? a. To help pay the French and Indian War Debt b. To increase subsidies to Indigo plantation owners c. To build a new home for the Royal Governor d. To buy a surplus of rice and indigo

a. To help pay the French and Indian War Debt

Which of the following explains the most likely reason why English colonists wanted to come to North America? a. To put distance between themselves and the English monarchy b. To exercise their strong belief in natural rights and liberty for all c. To form alliances with French and Dutch settlers already present d. To seek economic opportunity and improved living conditions

d. To seek economic opportunity and improved living conditions

Which benevolent movement enjoyed the most success during the 1820s? a. Antislavery b. Temperance c. Women's Rights d. Prison Reform

b. Temperance

How did the French and Indian War indirectly cause the American Revolution? a. It was difficult for the British to control their newly acquired land. b. The colonists began to rebel against the tax increases following the war. c. Native Americans created an alliance against Great Britain. d. Americans believed they could overtake the weakened British army.

b. The colonists began to rebel against the tax increases following the war.

American antislavery shifted from gradualism to immediatism during which decade? a. 1860s b. 1780s c. 1810s d. 1830s

d. 1830s

What led to the repeal of the Stamp Act? a. Parliament was disrupted by a change in leadership. b. The governor wanted to reward the colonists for supporting taxes. c. The King of England was forced to focus his efforts on a war with Spain. d. Colonists boycotted and protested until the tax was removed.

d. Colonists boycotted and protested until the tax was removed.

What did Marbury v. Madison establish? a. State laws are more important than federal laws b. Free Trade c. Freedom of the press d. Judicial Review

d. Judicial Review

Which two battles started the American Revolution in the colonies? a. Philadelphia and Boston b. Georgetown and Charlestown c. Charlestown and Boston d. Lexington and Concord

d. Lexington and Concord

The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the New World is known as a. Great Migration b. Triangular Trade c. Slavery d. Middle Passage

d. Middle Passage

What was the primary cause of the 1839 division in the American Antislavery Society? a. Personal rivalries b. Disagreements over the usefulness of electoral politics and the importance of women's rights c. Tensions between abolitionists in the Midwest and abolitionists in the Northeast d. Theological disputes

b. Disagreements over the usefulness of electoral politics and the importance of women's rights

Which of the following contributed most to the American Victory in the Revolution? a. The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action b. French military and financial assistance c. The British failure to capture Philadelphia d. A major American military victory at Valley Forge

b. French military and financial assistance

Which of the following was a major difference between the encomienda system and slave labor in the Spanish colonies? a. The encomienda system paid laborers wages, whereas wages were not paid to enslaved people. b. The encomienda system was developed specifically for plantation agriculture, whereas slaves were used only in mines. c. The encomienda system imported servants from Europe, whereas the slavery system mostly exploited Native Americans. d. The encomienda system exploited the labor of Native Americans, whereas slavery more typically extracted labor from enslaved Africans.

d. The encomienda system exploited the labor of Native Americans, whereas slavery more typically extracted labor from enslaved Africans.

Transcendentalism initially began among which group? a. English poets b. German theologians c. American clergymen d. Irish reformers

c. American clergymen

The struggle between the British and the French in the colonies of North America was part of a worldwide war known as the Seven Years' War.. a. American Revolution b. War of 1812 c. French and Indian War d. Civil War

c. French and Indian War

Which of the following is NOT a cause of European exploration of the New World? (think the 3 G's) a. Gold b. Glory c. Gratitude d. God

c. Gratitude

This region of Colonies was considered the "Bread Basket" for its grain production. a. Southern Colonies b. New England c. Middle Colonies

c. Middle Colonies

Which of the following best reflects the most common religious groups in the different regions of Colonial America? a. New England--> Anglican, Middle Colonies--> Religious Diversity, Southern Colonies--> Puritan b. New England--> Catholics, Middle Colonies--> Religious Diversity, Southern Colonies--> Anglican c. New England--> Puritans, Middle Colonies--> Religious Diversity, Southern Colonies--> Anglican d. New England--> Puritans, Middle Colonies-->Catholics, Southern Colonies--> Anglican

c. New England--> Puritans, Middle Colonies--> Religious Diversity, Southern Colonies--> Anglican

Please explain Women and Gender Roles in Colonial America.

Men fufilled the political and exonomic roles in society and sons were taught advanced education and trade. Women were supposed to maintain the household, ecourage morality, obey husbands, and teach children basic literacy. They had limited political and economic roles.

Please answer all parts of the question (a, b, and c,) in complete sentences. (a) Briefly explain how ONE economic issue contributed to the rise of political parties (b) Briefly describe ONE domestic political issue that helped to create political parties in the early republic (c) Briefly describe ONE international diplomatic issue that helped to create political parties in the early republic

Some believed economically the country should rely on small scale farmers that produced food for local markets(Democrats/Republicans). Then there were some who believed the U.S. should focus on trade and big businesses(Federalists). Also there was a split on who should govern. Republicans/Democrats believed that the people were capable of governing themsleves while Federalists believed they needed a central government to make America a powerful and united country. The French revolution created a further divide. Democrats and Republicans supported the French and them becoming independent, however Federalists sided with the British government. The Alien Acts, Sedition Acts, and people's visions for economic success or who should have power all are key issues that seperated America into political parties.

Explain the causes and effects of the French and Indian War.

The war started due to the French and British fight for the Ohio River Valley. Tensions had been rising for a while when the British attack French Fort Necessity. This war caused the Fench to lose their land and for the British colonies to expand. However, the war had caused Britain to lose a lot of money, so they taxed goods in the colonies. Conflicts will arise between Britain and the colonies due to the taxes.

Which of the following statements best describes the status of Calvinism during the Second Great Awakening? a. Americans were turning away from Calvinism during the Second Great Awakening b. Americans were turning toward Calvinism during the Second Great Awakening c. The Second Great Awakening only took place among Calvinist churches d. Calvinism had disappeared before the American Revolution, but it began to make a comeback during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening

a. Americans were turning away from Calvinism during the Second Great Awakening

Which of the following social changes enabled women to take prominent roles in social reform movements? a. As women moved outside the household, they were able to devote time to other causes b. Women participated in reform, but they did not hold positions of prominence until after the Civil War c. The return of Calvinism led to a loosening of gender roles d. The growth of racism elevated white women as necessary bulwarks against the dangers of black communities

a. As women moved outside the household, they were able to devote time to other causes

Refer to the following passage from Bartolomé de las Casas published in the mid-sixteenth century: "Into and among these gentle sheep... did creep the Spaniards, who no sooner had knowledge of these people than they became like fierce wolves and tigers and lions who have gone many days without food or nourishment. And no other thing have they done... but dismember, slay, perturb, afflict, torment, and destroy the Indians...they do this to such a degree that on the Island of Hispaniola, of the above three millions souls that we once saw, today there be no more than two hundred of those native people remaining." What answer best reflects de las Casas attitudes towards Natives? a. de las Casas formed his description around religion and this interpretation was used as Protestant propaganda b. de las Casas was opposed to the negative treatment of Natives and caused many Spaniards to be horrified by the savage and cruel behavior he described. c. de las Casas was unconcerned because be thought Native Americans should be exploited because they were uncivilized. d. de las Casas believed that the natives were "like sheep" and inherently inferior to the Spaniards

b. de las Casas was opposed to the negative treatment of Natives and caused many Spaniards to be horrified by the savage and cruel behavior he described.

A major consequence of the French and Indian War was the a. legal settlement of the trans-Appalachian frontier by British colonists b. imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies c. change in status of the proprietary colonies to royal colonies d. shrinking of Spanish territorial claims in North America

b. imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies

Use the following excerpt to answer the following questions. "Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a different course..."Why forgo the advantages of such a peculiar situation? Why quit our own to stand upon foreign ground? Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or caprice?"It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world."- President George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 During his administration, Washington pursued the foreign policy suggested by the excerpt in part because he believed that the...? a. Constitution prohibited the United States from making treaties b. new nation needed time to gain economic and military strength c. United States should establish alliances with both France and Britain d. United States should not acquire new territory by force

b. new nation needed time to gain economic and military strength

The United States went to war in 1812 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT to a. stop the British from searching and seizing American ships b. prevent France from recapturing the Louisiana Territory c. deal with conflicts between settlers and American Natives in the Northwest Territory d. appease members of Congress who advocated war

b. prevent France from recapturing the Louisiana Territory

The government of the Articles of Confederation was successful in resolving the problem of how to a. secure sufficient funds for payment of the national debt b. provide for statehood for western territories c. overcome state-imposed tariff barriers to interstate commerce d. enable American citizens to trade through the port of New Orleans

b. provide for statehood for western territories

Use the following excerpt to answer the following question. "The emancipation of slaves in New England, beginning around 1780, was a gradual process, whether by post nati statute [laws freeing enslaved people born after a certain date], as in Rhode Island and Connecticut, or by effect, as in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, where ambiguous judicial decisions and constitutional interpretations discouraged slaveholding without clearly outlawing it. The gradual nature of the process encouraged Whites to transfer a language and set of practices shaped in the context of slavery to their relations with a slowly emerging population of free people of color. The rhetoric of antislavery and revolutionary republicanism fostered this transfer, undergirding Whites' assumptions that emancipated slaves, likely to be dependent and disorderly, would constitute a problem requiring firm management in the new republic. . . . "Even more problematic was the promise implicit in antislavery rhetoric that abolition, by ending 'the problem'—the sin of slavery and the troublesome presence of slaves—would result in the eventual absence of people of color themselves. In other words, Whites anticipated that free people of color, would, by some undefined moment (always imminent), have disappeared."- Joanne Pope Melish, historian, Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and "Race" in New England, 1780-1860, published in 1998 The author claims in the excerpt that antislavery rhetoric in the late eighteenth century was based on a. the concern that revolutionary conflict would spread from France to the United States b. the belief that emancipated people would not be a presence in society c. religious ideals formed during the First Great Awakening d. legal precedent established during the colonial period

b. the belief that emancipated people would not be a presence in society

The election of 1800 has been referred to as constituting "another revolution" because a. a Supreme Court decision was required to dislodge the Federalists b. the party in power stepped down after losing the election c. the House of Representatives decided the election d. force was required to get John Adams to leave the White House

b. the party in power stepped down after losing the election

Although he made his first voyage 1 year earlier, Christopher Columbus began colonizing the New World in which year? a. 1494 b. 1491 c. 1493 d. 1492

c. 1493

Which of the following was NOT a result of the growth of a national market economy between 1815 and 1860? a. A greater disparity of wealth between rich and poor Americans b. The application of machinery to the mass production of goods c. A greater number of men working at home d. The beginnings of an organized labor movement

c. A greater number of men working at home

During the Election of 1800, who was tied with Jefferson and ultimately became the Vice President? a. Alexander Hamilton b. James Madison c. Aaron Burr d. John Adams

c. Aaron Burr

How did the Second Great Awakening promote "spiritual egalitarianism?" a. Flouting the codes of self-restraint prescribed by upper-class elites b. Expressing equal concern for white and black people's spiritual salvation c. All of the above d. Occasionally providing women with opportunities to openly express themselves and participate in spiritual communities

c. All of the above