APUSH Progressive Unit-People

Joseph Pulitzer

(New York World) mastered sensational reporting, called yellow journalism after his comic "The Yellow Kid."

William Randolph Hearst

(San Francisco Examiner) was also a yellow journalism editor and put together a newspaper empire made of a chain of newspapers.

PT Barnum

(who quipped, "There's a sucker born every minute," and "the public likes to be humbugged.") and James A. Bailey started the circus and adopted the slogan, "The Greatest Show on Earth".

James A. Bailey

(who quipped, "There's a sucker born every minute," and "the public likes to be humbugged.") and PT Barnum started the circus and adopted the slogan, "The Greatest Show on Earth".

Joseph Lister

Antiseptics; work helped move medicine from superstition to science. People now understood germs and life expectancy rose.

Mark Twain

Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, He co-wrote with Charles Dudley Warner The Gilded Age (1873) that laid bare the questionable politics and business of the day.

Edwin L. Godkin

Editor of liberal magazine called Nation. It was read by intellectuals and thinker-types and was reform minded. It pushed for civil service reform (government jobs based on talent, not connections), honest government, and a mild tariff.

Horatio Alger

He wrote rags-to-riches stories, usually about a good boy that made good. They all championed the virtues of honesty and hard work that lead to prosperity and honor. His best known book was titled Ragged Dick.

Louis Pasteur

Pasteurization; work helped move medicine from superstition to science. People now understood germs and life expectancy rose.

Emily Dickinson

became famous as a poet after she died and her writings were found and published.

Ida Wells

black, led a nationwide push against lynching and helped start the National Association of Colored Women (1896).

Charles W. Chesnutt

black, wrote fiction, notably The Conjure Women (1899).

Paul Dunbar

black, wrote poetry, notably with "Lyrics of Lowly Life" (1896).

Henry James

brother of philosopher William James, usually wrote about innocent Americans, normally women, thrown amid Europeans. His best works were Daisy Miller (1879), The Portrait of a Lady (1881), and The Bostonians (1886).

Henry H. Richardson

designed buildings with his trademark high-vaulted arches in his "Richardsonian" style. His style was very ornate and reminiscent of Gothic cathedrals. The Marshall Fields building in Chicago was his masterpiece.

Booker T. Washington

developed a plan for bettering the lots of blacks. He developed the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. It was a normal school for black teachers and taught hands-on industrial trades.

William Dean Howells

editor of Atlantic Monthly, wrote about common people and controversial social topics.

Jane Addams

founded Hull House in Chicago (1889). It was a "settlement house"—immigrants came there for counseling, literacy training, child care, cultural activities, and the like.

Henry Adams

grandson of John Adams, wrote a history of the early U.S. and The Education of Henry Adams, his best known.

WEB Dubois

helped start the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and called for the "talented tenth" of the black community to be given full access and equality.

James Naismith

invented basketball

Carrie Chapman Pratt

leader of National American Suffrage Association. She changed the argument from "women deserve to right to vote since they're equal" to "women deserve the right to vote in order to carry out their traditional roles and homemakers and mothers."

Clara Barton

led American Red Cross, also a famous Civil War nurse

Francis E. Willard

led Woman's Christian Temperance Union alongside Carrie A. Nation

Carrie A. Nation

led Woman's Christian Temperance Union alongside Francis E. Willard

James Whistler

lived an eccentric life. His best-known painting was of his mother.

Anthony Comstock

made it his mission to stop all moral threat. Armed with the "Comstock Law," he collected dirty pictures and pills/powders he said abortionists used.

Frank Norris

novels criticized corrupt business. The Octopus (1901) was about railroad and political corruption and The Pit was about speculators trading in wheat.

Boss Tweed

of the Tammany Hall district in New York City, pretty much ran the immigrants' lives.

George Inness

painted landscapes

John Singer Sargent

painted portraits of European nobility.

Thomas Eakins

painted realistically, as seen in his graphic surgical painting "The Gross Clinic."

Mary Cassat

painted women and children, as with her "The Bath" showing a mother bathing a small girl.

Emma Lazarus

poet whose words were inscribed on the bottom of the Statue of Liberty: "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to be free,..."

Charles Darwin

published On the Origin of Species in 1959. His theory of evolution argued that higher forms of life had evolved from lower forms of life via random mutation and survival-of-the-fittest.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

published Women and Economics, a classic of feminism. She (1) shunned traditional femininity, (2) said there were no real differences between men and women, and (3) called for group nurseries and kitchens to free up women.

Tennessee Claflin

published a periodical that shocked proper, Elizabethan society. Woodhull announced her belief in free love, they both pushed for women's propaganda, and charged that respectable Henry Ward Beecher had been having a long affair. (TC)

Victoria Woodhull

published a periodical that shocked proper, Elizabethan society. Woodhull announced her belief in free love, they both pushed for women's propaganda, and charged that respectable Henry Ward Beecher had been having a long affair. (VW)

Edward Bellamy

published the novel Looking Backward. It's character fell asleep and awoke in the year 2000 to an ideal society. His solution was that the government had taken over all business, communist/socialist-style, and everything was rosy.

Walt Whitman

revised his classic "Leaves of Grass." He also wrote "O Captain! My Captain!", inspired by Lincoln's assassination.

Augustus Saint-Gaudens

sculptor, made the Robert Gould Shaw (leader of 54th black regiment in the Civil War) memorial in Boston Common. Music made steps with symphonies in Boston and Chicago and New York's Metropolitan Opera House.

Mary Baker Eddy

started the Church of Christ, Scientist (AKA "Christian Science"). The main belief of Christian Science was healing through prayer, not through medical treatment.

Dwight Lyman Moody

started the Moody Bible Institute and pushed for Christian charity and kindness. His goal and achievement was connect biblical teachings and Christianity to modern city life.

George Washington Carver

studied the peanut, sweet potato, and soybean there and came up with many uses for them: shampoo, axle grease, vinegar, and paint.

Charles W. Eliot

was named president of Harvard. Symbolically, he changed Harvard's motto from Christo et Ecclesiae (for Christ and Church) to Veritas (Truth).

Winslow Homer

was perhaps the most "American" painter. He typically painted scenes of daily New England life and the sea. Homer's topics included schoolhouses, farmers, young women, sailors, and coastlines.

Theodore Dreiser

was the champion of realism with his novel Sister Carrie (1900). Carrie moved in with one man then eloped with another (who was already married), then left them both for a career on stage. It morality of the novel was shocking to proper society.

Buffalo Bill Cody

wild west show, best known for Annie Oakley, who shot holes through tossed silver dollars.

Robert LaFollette

wisconsin governor, implement direct primary election, progressive taxation and rail regulation, help led the way for progressive states

Gen. Lewis Wallace

wrote Ben Hur: A Tale of the Christ. It countered Darwinsm with faith in Christ and sold 2 million copies.

Upton Sinclair

wrote Jungle about the horrors of meatpacking industry

Henry George

wrote Progress and Poverty which examined the relationship between those two concepts. His theory was that "progress" pushed land values up and thus increased poverty amongst many.

Harlan F. Halsey

wrote about 650 dime novels and became rich.

Jack London

wrote about the wilderness in The Call of the Wild (1903), White Fang, and The Iron Heel.

Stephen Crane

wrote brilliantly and realistically about industrial, urban America in Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893). It told of a girl-turned-prostitute and then suicide.

Henry James

wrote influentially on psychology with books like Principles of Psychology and Pragmatism (saying America's contribution to any idea was its usefulness, or not).

Bret Harte

wrote of the West in his gold rush stories, especially "The Luck of Roaring Camp" and "The Outcasts of Poker Flat."

Kate Chopin

wrote openly about adultery, suicide, and the ambitions of women in The Awakening (1889).