ARCH 3364 TEST REVIEW
25) Identify below the description we discussed in class to illustrate thermal mass in a building material.
a. A thick, massive wall will increase the duration of thermal lag because of the "friction" that the energy encounters passing from one side of the wall to the other. The greater the thickness and mass, the greater the "friction" of absorption and the longer the delay or the time it will take to "fill" the building element.
35) Identify which energy efficiency standard is required to satisfy the LEED prerequisite for Minimum Energy Performance.
a. ASHRAE 90.1
10) What character does rammed earth, adobe and straw bale wall construction all share?
a. All three are single layer, thick and permeable
28) Part 2 of the Federal Preservation Certification Application for historic tax credits includes a requirement for drawings. What information are the drawings required to depict?
a. As-built documentation identifying architectural elements proposed for removal and drawings depicting all new interventions including, but not limited to, mechanical and fire safety systems and spatial additions or modifications to the historic building.
21) Today's manufactured, metal and glass curtain wall assemblies can be characterized as:
a. Thin, impermeable, single layer systems
35) We discussed in class the importance of the architect developing accurate as-built documents for the adaptive re-use of an existing building, identify the correct reason for this procedure.
a. To coordinate the design of new mechanical, vertical transportation and fire suppression systems and provide control points for architectural dimensioning.
4) During peak summer weather, cool roofing membranes can be cooler than traditional membranes, how much cooler?
a. 50 to 60 degrees F.
9) According to James R. Hudson in The Unanticipated City: Loft Conversions in Lower Manhattan, Chapter 2, Invasion-Succession in SoHo, once the manufacturing users of the SoHo buildings began to vacate, the neighborhoods began a physical decline as landlords could not attract new tenants, what began to happen next?
a. A gradual invasion of artists began occupying the buildings and using them for studios as well as living in the buildings illegally. The old manufacturing buildings were ideally suited for their large canvases and sculptures since the buildings were designed for large floor loads and included large capacity, freight elevators.
12) Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the restoration of Williamsburg Virginia?
a. A large scale restoration of the historic settlement financed by John D. Rockefeller as a philanthropic act.
15) The Solar Reflectance Index of a roof membrane is which of the following?
a. A measurement of the percentage of solar energy reflected by a surface on a scale of 0 to 100, with 0, being as hot as a black surface to 100 which is as cool as a white surface.
18) A Double Skin Façade is essentially what?
a. A pair of glass curtains separated by an air corridor.
21) What was gained for society by the loss of Pennsylvania Station?
a. A public awareness of the cultural value of historic buildings and a popular movement that influenced lawmakers to enact legislation to protect historic structures.
22) The Lever House, New York City, NY. By Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, 1952, utilized what kind of exterior wall system when it opened?
a. A thin impermeable, single layer wall system.
27) Part 1 of the Federal Preservation Certification Application for historic tax credits includes a requirement for a narrative regarding the building's significance. What type of information is required?
a. An account of historically significant events that occurred in or that the building that contributes to the local history of description of the technological or architectural significance of the structure.
8) Part II of the Federal Preservation Certification Application for historic tax credits must be approved before what can begin?
a. Any kind of work or demolition to the historic building or site.
25) In the renovated Reichstag Building the Plenary Chamber is naturally ventilated, how was this feature designed?
a. At the center of the Reichstag's Dome, louvers in a cone extract stagnant air while pulling fresh air in from a plenum located beneath the chamber
6) According to James R. Hudson in The Unanticipated City: Loft Conversions in Lower Manhattan, Chapter 2, Invasion-Succession in SoHo, what architectural innovation provided a valid argument for saving the district from being razed and became an important factor in public and private support for residential conversion?
a. Buildings made from pre-fabricated iron parts.
14) What does the concept of urban revitalization have in common with the LEED strategy of development density and community connectivity that we discussed earlier this semester?
a. Channeling development to previously developed sites, on existing streets utilizing existing utilities with proximity to basic services.
10) In Cincinnati what were the results of urban renewal we examined?
a. Dense and walkable neighborhoods were demolished and replaced with freeways and suburban type development.
23) What does Part I of the Federal Preservation Certification Application for historic tax credits accomplish?
a. Determines if the building will qualify for placement on the National Register of Historic Places and to receive tax credits.
5) Which of the following set of statements are goals we discussed in class for the re-use of existing buildings?
a. Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve and retain cultural resources.
24) According to the Secretary of the Interiors Standards for Rehabilitation: Distinctive _____ ______ and ______ ________ or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property shall be preserved. Fill in the blanks.
a. Features, finishes, and construction techniques.
7) During the warm summer months, dark impervious roof and paving surfaces increase air temperatures resulting in which group of the following conditions we discussed in class.
a. General discomfort, respiratory difficulties, exhaustion, heat-related mortality, impaired water quality, increased energy demand that resulted of higher levels of air pollutants and increased ground level ozone.
11) According to the Secretary of the Interiors Standards for Rehabilitation: Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate shall be undertaken using the ______ _________. Fill in the blanks.
a. Gentlest means
6) There are two types of vegetative roof systems we discussed in class identify the correct names and their distinguishing features described below.
a. Intensive with a deep soil bed and extensive with a shallow soil bed.
33) Identify which energy efficiency standard is required to satisfy most cities code enforced, energy efficiency requirements.
a. International Energy Conservation Code
3) Identify which group of statements below accurately explains why building demolition has been so prevalent in the past and is still common today?
a. Mid-Century urban renewal and highway construction promoted by government, perceived building obsolescence and the speculative value of land.
13) We discussed in class four general types of wall systems, what were they called?
a. Multiple layered, single layered, thick permeable and thin impermeable.
8) From our discussions of buildings such as the RWE Tower in Essen Germany, the GSA Field Office in Houston and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden Colorado, identify which set of qualities each shared that made day lighting and natural ventilation possible.
a. Narrow floor plates, bright reflective interiors and interior glass partitions to allow natural light deep into the buildings.
31) Identify which action below, we discussed in class, is a component of urban revitalization.
a. New infrastructure improvements constructed by a municipality such as new sidewalks, street trees and the creation of TIF districts to promote the restoration and the adaptive re-use of existing buildings.
30) According to the Secretary of the Interiors Standards for Rehabilitation; a property shall be used for its historic purpose or be place in a ____ that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment. Fill in the blanks.
a. New use
28) What is the difference between the roof at the Chicago City Hall and the roof at the Cooke County Administration Facility?
a. One side is a vegetated roof and the other is a traditional asphalt built-up roof. Both are monitored to determine the difference in weather conditions affected by the different roof systems.
15) According to Anthony Tung in Preserving the World's Great Cities, Chapter 1, The Century of Destruction, the lurking human propensity for self-destruction caused the modernization of the city to have which of the following affects?
a. Physical and social fracturing of the city, extensive urban poverty and unprecedented levels of pollution.
19) From our discussions in class, identify the correct set of factors we examined, that cause neighborhoods and districts to become disregarded.
a. Population migrations and economic reasons including market shifts, changes in transportation, shipping and industrial production.
32) The Standards for Rehabilitation pertain to what?
a. Historic buildings of all materials, construction types, sizes and occupancy. The exterior and interior, related landscaped features and the building's site and environment including attached adjacent or related new construction.
23) Identify below the description we discussed in class to illustrate the R-value of a building product or material.
a. Trapped, still air is an ideal insulator. This is the basic concept for blankets and coats as well as building insulations. The trapped air pockets in a down comforter provide the insulating effect, not the down itself. With almost all insulation, the intent is to create and elaborate maze to trap air.
13) According to the Secretary of the Interiors Standards for Rehabilitation; deteriorated historic features shall be _____ _______ _______ ______. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical or pictorial evidence. Fill in the blanks.
a. Repaired rather than replaced
17) From our discussions in class, identify which statement correctly describes the techniques of urban revitalization in comparison to urban renewal?
a. Restore the building stock and economic means for the inhabitants of an entire, disregarded, neighborhood, district of segment of a city rather than relocate the inhabitants and demolish the existing structures.
4) According to the Secretary of the Interiors Standards for Rehabilitation; the historic character of a property shall be _____ _____. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided. Fill in the blanks.
a. Retained and preserved.
11) Identify the correct list of client expectations, we discussed in class, which are required in a successful wall system?
a. Security, durability, architectural expression, moisture and thermal protection.
26) What conditions are necessary for day lighting and natural ventilation to work satisfactorily in a DSF?
a. Small or narrow floor plates with a Twin Face DSF system.
20) What distinguishes a Buffer type DSF from an Air Extract DSF?
a. The Buffer DSF utilizes a second HVAC system for the air corridor while the Air Extract DSF uses only one HVAC system that serves the occupants while extracting the return air to the air corridor.
12) What are the three types of Double Skin Façade systems we discussed in class?
a. The Buffer System, the Air Extract System and the Twin Face System
34) To help offset the financial and design challenges when adapting an historic building to a new use the International Code Council developed which of the following documents?
a. The International Existing Building code
1) What is HABS?
a. The Nation's first federally funded preservation program, created in 1933 by President Roosevelt to utilize unemployed architects to document historic structures across America.
29) The State Historic Preservation Office, (SHPO) and the National Park Service utilize which document to determine satisfactory compliance for approval of the Federal Preservation Certification Application for historic tax credits?
a. The Secretary of the Interiors Standards for Rehabilitation.
26) What event took place on October 28, 1963?
a. The beginning of the demolition of Pennsylvania Station.
16) What are the photographs that are submitted with Part I supposed to represent?
a. The existing condition of the building and support the written description of it's condition and significance.
19) Multiple Layer Wall Systems with drained cavities operate in two stages, what are the stages?
a. The first layer intercepts the rain while the second layer protects the pathway to the interior.
24) Thick, single layer systems are permeable, so how is water kept from entering the interior of the building?
a. The intent is that the mass of the wall will not become saturated before the rain ends.
7) According to James R. Hudson in The Unanticipated City: Loft Conversions in Lower Manhattan, Chapter 2, Invasion-Succession in SoHo, What physical characteristics of the typical SoHo industrial building made it obsolete to new manufacturing users?
a. The narrow, vertically stacked spaces.
33) In class we discussed the neighborhood of West Boston, identify which statement below that accurately describes the neighborhood.
a. The neighborhood was almost completely removed by urban renewal and suburban development was built to replace the historic buildings.
27) In the article Seeing Double: Double Skin Façade Designs on the Rise in North America, by Vaglio and Patterson in Architect's Guide to Glass and Metal: What is the most compelling application for double skin façade technology?
a. The retrofitting of aging, early glass curtain wall towers
1) The unique shape of Norman Foster's 30 St. Mary Axe office building serves two purposes, identify the two goals that were achieved in the form of this building.
a. The unique shape enhances natural ventilation while reducing turbulence at the ground level for pedestrians
2) The GSA Regional Field office was an example of which two strategies we discussed in class?
a. The use of thick concrete wall providing thermal mass and sun control devices to moderate the heat load of the building.
17) A rammed earth wall provides numerous sustainable qualities identify the correct set below we discussed in class.
a. These thick permeable walls provide thermal mass, reduced airborne emissions since the material is obtained at the construction site and are non-toxic.
18) According to the Secretary of the Interiors Standards for Rehabilitation: Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its _____ ______ and ________. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken. Fill in the blanks.
a. Time, place and use.
22) Which are the reasons we discussed in class, that land speculators prefer to demolish existing buildings?
a. To make the land as attractive as possible to obtain the maximum selling price, because it is perceived that a clean vacant site is most attractive to a buyer.
5) The RWE Tower in Essen, Germany by Ingenhoven Overdiek und Partner was designed and built for the local power company. RWE wanted to demonstrate that it was a good environmental steward by charging the architect to design a highly efficient building. Identify three strategies the architect employed to achieve the client's mandate.
a. Utilizing a small round foot print, a double skin façade and designing the façade so each office can control its environment with natural ventilation on mild days.
14) Architects can reduce the heat island effect by using which one of the following strategies we discussed in class?
a. Utilizing cool and or vegetative roof systems.
34) What was one of the concerns we discussed in class regarding the selection of a foam insulation product?
a. Verification of the stability of its thermal resistance by the manufacturer advertising the long term thermal resistance of "LTTR" R-Value of its product.
32) Identify which set of conditions below can cause mold to grow inside a wall assembly?
a. When moisture vapor is trapped within a wall assembly that is constructed with building products containing organic fibers and a temperature differential takes place between the outer and inner surfaces.
2) John Ruskin believed that historic building preservation should
a. Work toward the "retention of the status quo"
