art 100 chapter 5, Art Section II, art appreciation Unit 1

What does symmetry in art often represent?

Order, harmony, and authority

Which statement accurately describes balance in a composition?

A composition is balanced when it looks visually balanced.

What color harmony is more likely to "react" with a color in a palette?

Complementary

The lines that establish the outside borders of a three-dimensional form are what kind of lines?

Contour

Unity based on the elements of art, such as shape, line and color, is called ______ unity.

visual

Which artist is known for using triadic harmony in his works of art?

Piet Mondrian

What is normally experienced through touch?

Texture

What informs abstract works of art?

The visible world.

Abbott McNiell Whistler uses rhythm in his etching Billingsgate for what purpose?

To unify the various elements

How does Peter Paul Ruben convey dynamic action and movement in his painting Raising of the Cross?

By placing forms and objects on a diagonal

For what was Albrecht Dürer best known?

Engraving

What theory is based on perceiving incomplete information as a whole?

Gestalt

When designing Villa Savoye, Le Corbusier used what to base the proportions?

Golden Section

What does a statue of Shiva represent?

The idea that time works in a circle

Art that simplifies forms of the visible world is known as ______.

abstract

Bottle of Vieux Mare, glass, Guitar and Newspaper is an example what type of painting?

Abstract

Why does the creative journey behind many works of art remain a mystery?

Access to the process behind a finished product is hidden.

When does an artist know a composition is balanced?

It looks or feels visually balanced

How can linear perspective be easily recognized in an image?

Parallel lines converge at a central point.

Which combination of colors is considered a triadic harmony?

Red, Blue, Yellow

Which principle applies when elements create a pattern in a work of art?

Rhythm

Society views artists as

Specialists

Why does Alexander Calder use movement in his piece Carmen?

To represent the fragility of time

Theater combines red, blue, and green lights to create what color?

White

A traced path of a moving point is the definition of what element of art?

line

Look at this image. The top example in this illustration shows which principle of asymmetrical or informal balance?

A large form is visually heavier than a smaller form.

What kind of planning did Maya Lin do for the design of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial?

A process of research, contemplation, and intuition

What are ways to create an asymmetrical composition?

A simple form balanced with a complex form. Contrasting color values on the same size forms. Smaller elements balanced with a large form.

What is an implied shape?

A suggested but not explicitly outlined form used to harmonize a composition

What kind of texture does Mona Hatoum uses in her work Dormiente?

Actual

In the royal courts of 16th-century Mughal India, how did artists live and work?

Artists worked collaboratively, featuring their best talents to create each image. Artists lived in residence and were paid a monthly salary.

Look at this image. What kind of balance is used in Edgar Degas's Before the Ballet?

Asymmetrical

What kind of balance is used in Edgar Degas's Before the Ballet?

Asymmetrical

Aerial perspective is also known as what kind of perspective?

Atmospheric

The gradual blurring and bluish tinting of elements as they recede into the background characterizes what kind of perspective?

Atmospheric

What does the Navajo philosophy hozho encompass?

Beauty and Happiness

What reference does Doris Salcedo uses for Shibboleth?

Biblical references to affiliations

How did Childe Hassam create unity in A Northeast Headland?

By using blues and grays.

What value technique is known for creating the illusion of three-dimensional forms on a two-dimensional plane?

Chiaroscuro

Enrique Chagoya's Elevation of the Spirits uses conceptual unity to critique what areas?

Colonialism Artist's heritage Cultural influences

On the primal level, how can color effect a person?

Emotionally

When an artist chooses an area of a composition to highlight or draw attention to, this is called ______.

Emphasis

What is a key characteristic of nonrepresentational art?

Emphasis on formal qualities

Anish Kapoor used space in Cloud Gate to encourage ______.

Exploration

How does James Abbott McNeill Whistler keeps the rhythm from appearing lifeless in Billingsgate?

He varies the angles the masts lay

How does James Abbott McNeill Whistler keeps the rhythm from appearing lifeless in Billingsgate?

He varies the angles the masts lay.

Which are types of space?

Implied Actual

What kind of perspective do Islamic painters frequently use because it allows for scenes to be depicted as they might be seen from God's perspective?

Isometric

What does movement have to do with Nick Cave's Soundsuits?

It allowed Cave to express his feelings tangibly

How does the knowledge of the elements and principles of design inform the viewer?

It allows the viewer to appreciate the act of seeing a work of art.

Pérez de Aguilar goal with Painter's Cupboard was to create what kind of work?

Naturalistic

The human brain responds to color in what ways?

Physiologically Emotionally Psychologically

A flat surface used to create a work of art without creating visual depth is called ______.

Picture plane

The flat surface used when creating two-dimensional works is known as ______.

Picture plane

How is depth created in two-dimensional works of art?

Position Overlapping

Size relationships between parts of a whole, or between two or more items perceived as a unit, is known as ______.

Proportion

What are the principles of design?

Proportion and scale Balance Unity and Variety

When we focus on the visual information we need in daily life and relegate the remaining information to the background, what are we practicing?

Selective perception

Current color theory bases most of its research off of whose experiments?

Sir Isaac Newton

What are ways to create an asymmetrical composition?

Smaller elements balanced with a large form. Contrasting color values on the same size forms. A simple form balanced with a complex form.

Why is James Hampton's sculpture of the Second Coming considered art?

Someone saw artistic value by the unknown artist.

What interacts with other visual elements of an artwork to give them definition?

Space

How is the viewer aware of the materials used in this coconut-shell cup?

The artist leaves certain areas on the coconut rough.

Which of the following best describes the type of shape used in this Puebloan pitcher?

The darker shapes are both positive and negative. The lighter shapes are both positive and negative.

How can an asymmetrical composition look balanced?

The visual weight on each side is similar.

Of what does a triadic harmony consist?

Three colors equidistant on the color wheel

For what reasons does Leonardo da Vinci uses linear perspective in The Last Supper?

To imply radiating lines coming from Jesus To guide the viewer to the center of the composition

Henry Ossawa Tanner's The Banjo Lesson uses emphasis and subordination for what purpose?

To place emphasis on the banjo and the boy To emphasize figures against the background

In Georges de la Tour's painting The Magdalen with Smoking Flame, why does the artist subordinate the symbolic objects?

To place emphasis on the figure of Mary's upper torso To allow for thoughtful examination of the symbolic objects

Mona Hatoum uses actual texture to do what in the piece Dormiente?

Turn a familiar piece into something treacherous

Which descriptions are examples of rhythm?

Two shapes painted the same color in an organized way. The same shape painted alternating colors across a line.

What are the principles of design?

Unity and variety Balance Proportion and scale

How is texture experienced when it is first encountered?

Visually

A work of art consisting of cool colors can be labeled as ______.

analogous

Although Emmi Whitehorse's Chanter is consider monochromatic, it can also be labeled as ______.

complementary

An artwork that is unified through ideas is called ______ unity.

conceptual

The shape that is visually detached from a background is known as

figure

A form that occupies a volume of space is known as

mass

A shape that is emphasized due to its complimentary shape is known as

positive

When an artists adds black to a hue to get a darker color, the value created is known as ______.

shade

A line that occupies a surface are with identifiable boundaries is called

shape

What did painting allow Vincent van Gogh to do?

Express his feelings and ideas

What are some of the traits creative people tend to possess?

Flexibility, Sensitivity, Originality

When choosing his landscapes what did Ansel Adams attempt to do with his photographs?

Focus on the subject

Linear perspective applies to any form that recedes into the distance, which is an effect known as ______.

Foreshortening

Although Käthe Kollwitz's Woman with Dead Child is an emotional piece, what causes viewers to find beauty in it?

Formal use of the visual elements

The work Court Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk gives viewers a glimpse into what aspect of daily life?

The domestic duties of court ladies

What intangible concepts does the dance of the Shiva statue represent?

The end of one cycle and the beginning of another The destruction and rebirth of the world

Look at this image. In what ways did the Benin in Africa use hierarchal scale?

The larger figure is the king and placed higher. The size of the king's head is proportionally larger than the servants. The smaller figures at the king's attendants.

What pushes artists to create works of art?

The need to contribute ideas or objects to society

How does The Tabernacle Polyptych with Madonna and Child exhibit symmetrical balance?

The panels on either side balance visually. The orb balances against the child that sits off center.

What makes the kente an extraordinary version of an ordinary object?

The patterns signify status.

In what ways does Santiago Calatrava use rhythm in his piece Wave?

The reflection of the wave is shown in the water. Rhythm is created through the use of sound when the piece moves. The use of line and motion recreates the motion of ocean waves.

In what ways did the Benin in Africa use hierarchal scale?

The size of the king's head is proportionally larger than the servants The larger figure is the king and placed higher The smaller figures at the king's attendants

How can an asymmetrical composition look balanced?

The visual weight on each side is similar

Why was Liberty Leading the People returned to Delacroix?

There was fear that it would provoke an uprising.

What are negative shapes in a work of art?

They make up visual space surrounding figures

How does the work Dormiente create visual texture?

Through the viewer's experience with similar textures

How can creativity be cultivated?

Through training and focusing on the task

When an artists adds a hue to white to get a lighter color, the value created is known as ______.

Tint

Art spaces designed for humans have what kind of purpose?

To bring them together in commonality of interest

Jacques Callot's gestural drawing of a horse uses contour lines to do what?

To capture the form of the horse

Unity based on the elements of art, such as shape, line and color, is called ______ unity.

Visual

What is used to make a symmetrical composition if it does not possess absolute symmetry?

Visual Weight

In what ways does nonobjective art differ from abstract art?

Visual elements are central to what is represented. It avoids depicting a visual relationship to the visible world.

What is used to make a symmetrical composition if it does not possess absolute symmetry?

Visual weight

In an architectural interiors, what provides the boundaries for space?

Walls

Colors on the red-orange side of the color wheel are described as what kind of colors?

Warm

Which characteristics are needed to create unity and variety?

Wholeness Diversity Interest

How does Henri Toulouse-Lautrec use variety in Divan Japonais?

With Various colors.

How does Nick Cave create motion with Soundsuits?

With sculptural pieces to be worn and performed in

How does Devorah Sperber use optical color mixture in her work Hendrix?

With spools of thread to create an image

How does Henri Toulouse-Lautrec use variety in Divan Japonais?

With various colors

What does producing a text alongside the work Kandors Full Set, by Mike Kelley, allow viewers to do?

Witness a slice of the creative process that produced the work

Which would be a complementary color scheme in a composition?

Yellow and purple

The perpendicular layering of closely spaced lines over one another to simulate areas of dark or shadow is defined as ______.

cross-hatching

Which are types of texture?

Actual Visual Pattern

The ability to make images is uniquely

Human

What is the term that categorizes art by its appearance?

Style

What does the patterns used in Samuel Fosso's self-portrait do to the image?

Flatten

What are ways to create an asymmetrical composition?

A simple form balanced with a complex form. Smaller elements balanced with a large form. Contrasting color values on the same size forms.

Of what does a monochromatic color scheme consist?

A single hue

In Gustav Klimt's painting Death and Life, which general principle of visual balance applies?

A smaller dark form can balance a bigger light one.

In Gustav Klimt's painting Death and Life, which general principle of visual balance applies?

A smaller dark form can balance a larger light form

What philosophical field asks questions about the nature of art and its audiences?

Aesthetics

Jenifer Steinkamp uses time and motion in what ways in her piece Dervish?

Allowed the actions of the viewer to effect the sequence of the video Created a digital animation of trees that change on cue

What is significant about Judith Baca's use of a drainage canal for Great Wall of Los Angeles?

Although public, it received little attention just as the history of certain populations in the area.

What harmony uses adjacent colors on the color wheel?

Analogous

Suggested by the nature of perception, what is the key to looking at art?

Being aware of what may be influencing what we are looking at

How can an everyday object be distinguished from similar objects?

By adding a unique mark

How does Jacques Callot use contour lines in this drawing?

By capturing the major forms of the horse

How does the artist create contrasting texture in this work?

By leaving some rough areas

How does Jan Vermeer elicit calm emotions in his piece Young Woman with a Water Pitcher?

By placing various hues and values of blue throughout the composition By depicting a calm domestic subject matter

In what way does Rosalba Carreira emphasize the positive shapes in the portrait of Gustavus Hamilton?

By using texture to define positive shapes By changing the color of the shapes By limiting the color of the ground

How does Henri Cartier-Bresson keep his photograph from appearing static?

By using vertical arched railing to frame and direct the viewer

Which aspects best describes the additive color mixing process?

Can create lighter hues Associated with film and video

Which are examples of using real light?

Candle illuminating a sculpture Sculpture light by artificial light

Linear perspective was often used with what technique to create depth on a picture plane?

Chiaroscuro

What do trained artists generally do to create a composition?

Combine experience with an understanding of the elements and principles of design

Roman emperors did what to demonstrate their political power visually?

Commissioned statues in their likeness to be distributed

The concave and convex areas on Bill Reid's The Raven and the First Men shows what technique?

Considered how the piece would interact with real light sources

Analyzing an artist's journals and letters for biographic details that impact our understanding of a work of art is an example of establishing ______.

Context

How do most artists use color theories to their advantage?

Control how colors interact

What are the two primary uses of line art?

Convey direction and motion Establish shape by denoting borders

By using vertical and diagonal lines, what can an artist accomplish?

Create movement Direct the viewer's attention

Visual cues can give a flat surface the appearance of what three-dimensional space?

Depth

Which are reasons early man may have created art?

Desire to create meaningful order Desire to communicate Explore the limits of the raw materials used

Iconclasm means the _______ of images based on religious beliefs

Destruction

What kind of line can push an image forward or backward for the viewer?

Diagonal

What is isometric perspective?

Diagonal lines that are parallel without converging

Variety adds what aspects to an image?

Difference Interest

Which characteristics are needed to create unity and variety?

Diversity, Wholeness, Interest

Ansel Adams had what goal in mind with his photographs?

Encourage conservation of Yosemite and other sites

Being beautiful is a characteristic and requirement of all art.

False

True or false: One can only be born with creativity, cultivating it is impossible.

False

True or false: Texture in a work of art can only be experienced through touch.

False

True or false: Using the central axis determines if a piece is asymmetrically balanced.

False

true or false: Using the central axis determines if a piece is asymmetrically balanced.

False

The role of art and understanding of its role in society have been consistent throughout history.

False. ( Though art has been made by cultures throughout history and around the world, the status of art in those times and places has by no means been consistent. For example, in some places artists have obtained relatively high social status, in others artists have held very low social position.)

All representational art is naturalistic.

False. Naturalistic art is just one type of representational art that focuses on recording the object as it appears in its environment.

What challenges did Ansel Adams face when creating his pieces?

Finding locations that captured scale and rhythm

A cube, a pyramid, and a circle are examples of what kind of shapes and masses?

Geometric

When designing Villa Savoye, Le Corbusier used what to base the proportions?

Golden section

Mixing pigments that are complementary on the color wheel will produce what color?

Grayish brown

Which of the following was created for a large group to worship in?

Great Mosque

Why did Albrecht Dürer author books about geometry and measurements when he returned from Italy?

He wanted German artists to have a guide on how to create proportional figures.

Wang Jian gives the viewer an aerial view in White Clouds over Xiao and Xiang for what purpose?

He wants the viewer to travel through the landscape mentally.

How does Joaquuin Sorolla create a realistic depiction of representational light in the painting Boys on the Beach?

Highlights and shadows follow the direction of the sun.

Which figures are foreshortened in Hans Baldung Grien's The Groom and the Witch?

Horse Groom

The contrast of materials and textures makes the viewer aware of what?

How colonization encountered other civilizations

What study involves the interpretation of art, which is an important activity of art scholars?

Iconography

How can a sense of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface be created using flat shapes?

Images can be overlapped to imply regression into the background.

What kind of line, though perceived by the viewer, is not explicitly depicted?

Implied

Which are types of line?

Implied Directional Contour

When objects are layered and positioned in particular ways on a picture plane, what can be created?

Implied depth

Look at this image. In Francisco de Goya's painting Executions of the Third of May, 1808, how is emphasis on the main figure created?

Implied light and directional line

Recent theories suspect cave paintings had what purpose?

Magical properties with connections to the spiritual realm

Before the invention of cameras, artists were obsessed with recreating the natural world in what way?

In a naturalistic way that recreated the visible world as it appears

Which are color properties?

Intensity Hue Value

What happens when gray is added to a hue?

Intensity lowers

What caused artists to explore abstract and nonrepresentational art?

Invention of Camera

What does the architecture of the Guggenheim Museum encourage visitors to do?

Investigate

What makes art made from surrounding natural materials unique?

It almost always leaves behind evidence of its existence. It's created with the understanding it will change appearance.

What does space do?

It defines other visual elements

Why is meaning important for art?

It distinguishes itself it from other works that require the same skills.

Look at this image. How does pattern affect some of the visual elements present in Samuel Fosso's self-portrait?

It distorts or obliterates the mass of the objects

What is a kinetic work of art?

It features one or more moving parts

Which characteristics added to the fame of the Mona Lisa during Leonardo's lifetime?

It had almost a lifelike appearance.

Why do we now consider James Hampton's Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations' Millennium General Assembly a work of art?

It has a unique visual expression.

What is significant about Doris Salcedo's Shibboleth?

It reflects the experiences of immigrants in Europe

On this painted cloth titled Thirteen-Deity Jnanadakini Mandala, what does the symmetrical balance of the mandala communicate?

It represents the cosmic order and logic of life for Tibetan Buddhists.

Why would Self-Portrait with Monkeys give Frida Kahlo a sense of existence?

It was her way of validating her existence despite her crippling pain.

Which characteristics best describe an implied line?

It's an imaginary line that a viewer uses to follow the gaze of a figure It directs the viewer's eye without explicitly depicting a line

How do we know what Vincent van Gogh was feeling when he painted The Starry Night?

Letters he wrote

What approaches does Georges de la Tour use to create emphasis in The Magdalen with Smoking Flame?

Light Line

Thomas Eakins uses what kind of forms to create the lines needed in his painting The Biglin Brothers Racing?

Linear

Exemplified in Leonardo da Vinci's drawing The Virgin and Saint Anne with the Christ Child and John the Baptist, chiaroscuro is what type of value technique?

Modeling

Because the work Chanter by Emmi Whitehorse is mostly tints and shades of one color, it has what kind of color scheme?

Monochromatic

Compositions composed of a single hue in different values and intensity are classified as ______.

Monochromatic

Art that decried any use of the visible world as a starting point was know as what kind of art?

Nonrepresentational

Art is often associated with beauty because they both do what?

Offer Pleasure

When a color harmony is hard to recognize it is possible that it is what kind of palette?

Open

Hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are methods that use lines or dots to create value through what means?

Optical Mixing

What does symmetry in art often represent?

Order, Harmony, Authority

What term categorizes masses and shapes that are irregular and evoke the living forms of nature?

Organic

What line type indicates the outer edge of a shape?

Outline

Which line type indicates the outer edge of a shape?

Outline

What characteristics make Perez de Aguilar's Painter's Cupboard representational?

Painting the light as it appears in the real world Recreating the materials as they appear Using shadow to reveal the direction of the light

The decorative, designs in Samuel Fosso's self-portrait is an example of ______.

Pattern

Anish Kapoor makes the viewer aware of the space Cloud Gate occupies in what ways?

People can touch the piece Viewer's can walk under the piece Surrounding space is reflected

What can an artist use to create an afterimage?

Place complementary colors of the same value in a composition

What are the principles of design?

Proportion and scale Balance Unity and variety

Why is the principle of variety used?

Provide interest in image

What Gestalt theory explains why the viewer sees a triangle?

Reification

Who used the golden section?

Renaissance architects and artists

How can the principle of rhythm be identified?

Repetition of elements in a composition

Art that seeks to present the world as it appears in nature is known as ______.

Representational

To create visual mass in a two-dimensional image, artist will use what kind of light?

Representational

What is the technique that best describes the foundation on which Western art was built from the Renaissance to the 20th century?

Representational

What principle of design was essential to Ansel Adams's compositions in his photographs?

Rhythm

Look at this image. In what ways does Santiago Calatrava use rhythm in his piece Wave?

Rhythm is created through the use of sound when the piece moves. The use of line and motion recreates the motion of ocean waves. The reflection of the wave is shown in the water.

The range of ________'s work makes him difficult to categorize. In addition to paintings, prints and combination pieces, he has done extensive set and costume design for Merce Cunningham and others, as well as graphic design for magazines and books

Robert Raushenberg

Which of the following was designed as a place of worship or mediation?

Sainte-Chapelle Great Mosque at Cordoba The Buddha's in Bamiyan, Afghanistan

The artists Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen are known for their huge sculptures which play with what concept?

Scale

What principle of design refers to the size of an object in relation to a standard or expected size?

Scale

When a set of traits or style is associated with a particular group of artists, the group is known as ______.

School.

Which are characteristics of abstract art?

Sections of an object dispersed in a composition Compositions that distort perspectives Recognizable forms that lack detail

What did travels to Italy inspire Albrecht Dürer to do?

Seek the perfect human form

According to one theory, what distinguishes artists from other "skillful makers"?

Style

By using various dark values in the foreground and limiting the lighter values in the background, The Banjo Lesson presents what characteristics?

Subordination of the table cloth and pitcher Emphasis on the young boy and older man

Look at this image. By using various dark values in the foreground and limiting the lighter values in the background, The Banjo Lesson presents what characteristics?

Subordination of the table cloth and pitcher Emphasis on the young boy and older man

What light source used in the painting Boys on the Beach is the artist Joaquin Sorolla trying to depict?

Sun

If a line is drawn down the center of a composition, and each side corresponds to the other, what does this composition have?

Symmetrical Balance

If a line is drawn down the center of a composition, and each side corresponds to the other, what does this composition have?

Symmetrical balance

Colors that are the product of a primary color and a secondary color are labeled as ______ colors.

Tertiary Intermediate

Which work is an example of mass?

The Raven and the First Men

Look at this image. What did Leonardo da Vinci's Study of Human Proportions According to Vitruvius intend to illustrate?

The ancient idea of perfect human proportions

What did Leonardo da Vinci's Study of Human Proportions According to Vitruvius intend to illustrate?

The ancient idea of perfect human proportions

In what ways does Edouard Manet use balance in his piece A Bar at the Folies-Bergère?

To direct the viewer with a visual guide To make the viewer an active participant

Look at this image. In what ways does Edouard Manet use balance in his piece A Bar at the Folies-Bergère?

To direct the viewer with a visual guide To make the viewer an active participant

Why would an artist subordinate some parts of a composition?

To draw attention to the areas of emphasis

Henry Ossawa Tanner's The Banjo Lesson uses emphasis and subordination for what purpose?

To emphasize figures against the background To place emphasis on the banjo and the boy

For what reason would an artist create this statue of Shiva?

To give visible form to a divine being

For what reason would an artist create a work based on historical events?

To help remind the viewer of the event

In Georges de la Tour's painting The Magdalen with Smoking Flame, why does the artist subordinate the symbolic objects?

To place emphasis on the figure of Mary's upper torso To allow for thoughtful examination of the symbolic objects

Why is the principle of variety used?

To provide interest in the image

Asif Khan created a timed sequence of Megafaces Kinetic Facade for what reason?

To send a timely text to models to see their portraits

Stonehenge is an example of the human impulse to create art for what purpose?

To structure and order the ideas of humans

Actual texture in a work of art is experienced through what sense?

Touch

Because analogous colors are adjacent one another on the color wheel, the colors can create what kind of emotion?

Tranquil

By using an analogous color scheme in the piece Magnolias and Irises, Louise Comfort Tiffany is able to create what kind of atmosphere for the viewer?

Tranquil

What technique do artists use to recreate natural textures on a flat painted surface?

Trompe l'oeil

True or false: Haruko Kojin's Reflectwo creates symmetrical balance through the use of floating fabric flower petals.

True

What does the repetition of certain elements in a work of art provide?

Unity within the design

What is an open palette?

Unlimited hues and their mixtures, tints, and shades

Look at this image. What does Gijsbrechts do in Trompe l'oeil with Studio Wall and Vanitas Still-Life to create visual texture?

Use implied light Mimic wood texture using paint

How is Robert Rauschenberg's Windward able to communicate the location depicted?

Use of symbols shared by a specific society and culture

What approaches does Annette Messager use to aid the viewer in understanding Mes Voeux?

Various body parts Repetition of shapes Repetition of text

Every profession uses creativity, but artists specialize in what type of creativity?

Visual

When an artist chooses an area of a composition to highlight or draw attention to, this is called ______.

emphasis

True or false: Using the central axis determines if a piece is asymmetrically balanced.

false