art 100 chapter 5, Art Section II, art appreciation Unit 1
What does symmetry in art often represent?
Order, harmony, and authority
Which statement accurately describes balance in a composition?
A composition is balanced when it looks visually balanced.
What color harmony is more likely to "react" with a color in a palette?
Complementary
The lines that establish the outside borders of a three-dimensional form are what kind of lines?
Contour
Unity based on the elements of art, such as shape, line and color, is called ______ unity.
visual
Which artist is known for using triadic harmony in his works of art?
Piet Mondrian
What is normally experienced through touch?
Texture
What informs abstract works of art?
The visible world.
Abbott McNiell Whistler uses rhythm in his etching Billingsgate for what purpose?
To unify the various elements
How does Peter Paul Ruben convey dynamic action and movement in his painting Raising of the Cross?
By placing forms and objects on a diagonal
For what was Albrecht Dürer best known?
Engraving
What theory is based on perceiving incomplete information as a whole?
Gestalt
When designing Villa Savoye, Le Corbusier used what to base the proportions?
Golden Section
What does a statue of Shiva represent?
The idea that time works in a circle
Art that simplifies forms of the visible world is known as ______.
abstract
Bottle of Vieux Mare, glass, Guitar and Newspaper is an example what type of painting?
Abstract
Why does the creative journey behind many works of art remain a mystery?
Access to the process behind a finished product is hidden.
When does an artist know a composition is balanced?
It looks or feels visually balanced
How can linear perspective be easily recognized in an image?
Parallel lines converge at a central point.
Which combination of colors is considered a triadic harmony?
Red, Blue, Yellow
Which principle applies when elements create a pattern in a work of art?
Rhythm
Society views artists as
Specialists
Why does Alexander Calder use movement in his piece Carmen?
To represent the fragility of time
Theater combines red, blue, and green lights to create what color?
White
A traced path of a moving point is the definition of what element of art?
line
Look at this image. The top example in this illustration shows which principle of asymmetrical or informal balance?
A large form is visually heavier than a smaller form.
What kind of planning did Maya Lin do for the design of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial?
A process of research, contemplation, and intuition
What are ways to create an asymmetrical composition?
A simple form balanced with a complex form. Contrasting color values on the same size forms. Smaller elements balanced with a large form.
What is an implied shape?
A suggested but not explicitly outlined form used to harmonize a composition
What kind of texture does Mona Hatoum uses in her work Dormiente?
Actual
In the royal courts of 16th-century Mughal India, how did artists live and work?
Artists worked collaboratively, featuring their best talents to create each image. Artists lived in residence and were paid a monthly salary.
Look at this image. What kind of balance is used in Edgar Degas's Before the Ballet?
Asymmetrical
What kind of balance is used in Edgar Degas's Before the Ballet?
Asymmetrical
Aerial perspective is also known as what kind of perspective?
Atmospheric
The gradual blurring and bluish tinting of elements as they recede into the background characterizes what kind of perspective?
Atmospheric
What does the Navajo philosophy hozho encompass?
Beauty and Happiness
What reference does Doris Salcedo uses for Shibboleth?
Biblical references to affiliations
How did Childe Hassam create unity in A Northeast Headland?
By using blues and grays.
What value technique is known for creating the illusion of three-dimensional forms on a two-dimensional plane?
Chiaroscuro
Enrique Chagoya's Elevation of the Spirits uses conceptual unity to critique what areas?
Colonialism Artist's heritage Cultural influences
On the primal level, how can color effect a person?
Emotionally
When an artist chooses an area of a composition to highlight or draw attention to, this is called ______.
Emphasis
What is a key characteristic of nonrepresentational art?
Emphasis on formal qualities
Anish Kapoor used space in Cloud Gate to encourage ______.
Exploration
How does James Abbott McNeill Whistler keeps the rhythm from appearing lifeless in Billingsgate?
He varies the angles the masts lay
How does James Abbott McNeill Whistler keeps the rhythm from appearing lifeless in Billingsgate?
He varies the angles the masts lay.
Which are types of space?
Implied Actual
What kind of perspective do Islamic painters frequently use because it allows for scenes to be depicted as they might be seen from God's perspective?
Isometric
What does movement have to do with Nick Cave's Soundsuits?
It allowed Cave to express his feelings tangibly
How does the knowledge of the elements and principles of design inform the viewer?
It allows the viewer to appreciate the act of seeing a work of art.
Pérez de Aguilar goal with Painter's Cupboard was to create what kind of work?
Naturalistic
The human brain responds to color in what ways?
Physiologically Emotionally Psychologically
A flat surface used to create a work of art without creating visual depth is called ______.
Picture plane
The flat surface used when creating two-dimensional works is known as ______.
Picture plane
How is depth created in two-dimensional works of art?
Position Overlapping
Size relationships between parts of a whole, or between two or more items perceived as a unit, is known as ______.
Proportion
What are the principles of design?
Proportion and scale Balance Unity and Variety
When we focus on the visual information we need in daily life and relegate the remaining information to the background, what are we practicing?
Selective perception
Current color theory bases most of its research off of whose experiments?
Sir Isaac Newton
What are ways to create an asymmetrical composition?
Smaller elements balanced with a large form. Contrasting color values on the same size forms. A simple form balanced with a complex form.
Why is James Hampton's sculpture of the Second Coming considered art?
Someone saw artistic value by the unknown artist.
What interacts with other visual elements of an artwork to give them definition?
Space
How is the viewer aware of the materials used in this coconut-shell cup?
The artist leaves certain areas on the coconut rough.
Which of the following best describes the type of shape used in this Puebloan pitcher?
The darker shapes are both positive and negative. The lighter shapes are both positive and negative.
How can an asymmetrical composition look balanced?
The visual weight on each side is similar.
Of what does a triadic harmony consist?
Three colors equidistant on the color wheel
For what reasons does Leonardo da Vinci uses linear perspective in The Last Supper?
To imply radiating lines coming from Jesus To guide the viewer to the center of the composition
Henry Ossawa Tanner's The Banjo Lesson uses emphasis and subordination for what purpose?
To place emphasis on the banjo and the boy To emphasize figures against the background
In Georges de la Tour's painting The Magdalen with Smoking Flame, why does the artist subordinate the symbolic objects?
To place emphasis on the figure of Mary's upper torso To allow for thoughtful examination of the symbolic objects
Mona Hatoum uses actual texture to do what in the piece Dormiente?
Turn a familiar piece into something treacherous
Which descriptions are examples of rhythm?
Two shapes painted the same color in an organized way. The same shape painted alternating colors across a line.
What are the principles of design?
Unity and variety Balance Proportion and scale
How is texture experienced when it is first encountered?
Visually
A work of art consisting of cool colors can be labeled as ______.
analogous
Although Emmi Whitehorse's Chanter is consider monochromatic, it can also be labeled as ______.
complementary
An artwork that is unified through ideas is called ______ unity.
conceptual
The shape that is visually detached from a background is known as
figure
A form that occupies a volume of space is known as
mass
A shape that is emphasized due to its complimentary shape is known as
positive
When an artists adds black to a hue to get a darker color, the value created is known as ______.
shade
A line that occupies a surface are with identifiable boundaries is called
shape
What did painting allow Vincent van Gogh to do?
Express his feelings and ideas
What are some of the traits creative people tend to possess?
Flexibility, Sensitivity, Originality
When choosing his landscapes what did Ansel Adams attempt to do with his photographs?
Focus on the subject
Linear perspective applies to any form that recedes into the distance, which is an effect known as ______.
Foreshortening
Although Käthe Kollwitz's Woman with Dead Child is an emotional piece, what causes viewers to find beauty in it?
Formal use of the visual elements
The work Court Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk gives viewers a glimpse into what aspect of daily life?
The domestic duties of court ladies
What intangible concepts does the dance of the Shiva statue represent?
The end of one cycle and the beginning of another The destruction and rebirth of the world
Look at this image. In what ways did the Benin in Africa use hierarchal scale?
The larger figure is the king and placed higher. The size of the king's head is proportionally larger than the servants. The smaller figures at the king's attendants.
What pushes artists to create works of art?
The need to contribute ideas or objects to society
How does The Tabernacle Polyptych with Madonna and Child exhibit symmetrical balance?
The panels on either side balance visually. The orb balances against the child that sits off center.
What makes the kente an extraordinary version of an ordinary object?
The patterns signify status.
In what ways does Santiago Calatrava use rhythm in his piece Wave?
The reflection of the wave is shown in the water. Rhythm is created through the use of sound when the piece moves. The use of line and motion recreates the motion of ocean waves.
In what ways did the Benin in Africa use hierarchal scale?
The size of the king's head is proportionally larger than the servants The larger figure is the king and placed higher The smaller figures at the king's attendants
How can an asymmetrical composition look balanced?
The visual weight on each side is similar
Why was Liberty Leading the People returned to Delacroix?
There was fear that it would provoke an uprising.
What are negative shapes in a work of art?
They make up visual space surrounding figures
How does the work Dormiente create visual texture?
Through the viewer's experience with similar textures
How can creativity be cultivated?
Through training and focusing on the task
When an artists adds a hue to white to get a lighter color, the value created is known as ______.
Tint
Art spaces designed for humans have what kind of purpose?
To bring them together in commonality of interest
Jacques Callot's gestural drawing of a horse uses contour lines to do what?
To capture the form of the horse
Unity based on the elements of art, such as shape, line and color, is called ______ unity.
Visual
What is used to make a symmetrical composition if it does not possess absolute symmetry?
Visual Weight
In what ways does nonobjective art differ from abstract art?
Visual elements are central to what is represented. It avoids depicting a visual relationship to the visible world.
What is used to make a symmetrical composition if it does not possess absolute symmetry?
Visual weight
In an architectural interiors, what provides the boundaries for space?
Walls
Colors on the red-orange side of the color wheel are described as what kind of colors?
Warm
Which characteristics are needed to create unity and variety?
Wholeness Diversity Interest
How does Henri Toulouse-Lautrec use variety in Divan Japonais?
With Various colors.
How does Nick Cave create motion with Soundsuits?
With sculptural pieces to be worn and performed in
How does Devorah Sperber use optical color mixture in her work Hendrix?
With spools of thread to create an image
How does Henri Toulouse-Lautrec use variety in Divan Japonais?
With various colors
What does producing a text alongside the work Kandors Full Set, by Mike Kelley, allow viewers to do?
Witness a slice of the creative process that produced the work
Which would be a complementary color scheme in a composition?
Yellow and purple
The perpendicular layering of closely spaced lines over one another to simulate areas of dark or shadow is defined as ______.
cross-hatching
Which are types of texture?
Actual Visual Pattern
The ability to make images is uniquely
Human
What is the term that categorizes art by its appearance?
Style
What does the patterns used in Samuel Fosso's self-portrait do to the image?
Flatten
What are ways to create an asymmetrical composition?
A simple form balanced with a complex form. Smaller elements balanced with a large form. Contrasting color values on the same size forms.
Of what does a monochromatic color scheme consist?
A single hue
In Gustav Klimt's painting Death and Life, which general principle of visual balance applies?
A smaller dark form can balance a bigger light one.
In Gustav Klimt's painting Death and Life, which general principle of visual balance applies?
A smaller dark form can balance a larger light form
What philosophical field asks questions about the nature of art and its audiences?
Aesthetics
Jenifer Steinkamp uses time and motion in what ways in her piece Dervish?
Allowed the actions of the viewer to effect the sequence of the video Created a digital animation of trees that change on cue
What is significant about Judith Baca's use of a drainage canal for Great Wall of Los Angeles?
Although public, it received little attention just as the history of certain populations in the area.
What harmony uses adjacent colors on the color wheel?
Analogous
Suggested by the nature of perception, what is the key to looking at art?
Being aware of what may be influencing what we are looking at
How can an everyday object be distinguished from similar objects?
By adding a unique mark
How does Jacques Callot use contour lines in this drawing?
By capturing the major forms of the horse
How does the artist create contrasting texture in this work?
By leaving some rough areas
How does Jan Vermeer elicit calm emotions in his piece Young Woman with a Water Pitcher?
By placing various hues and values of blue throughout the composition By depicting a calm domestic subject matter
In what way does Rosalba Carreira emphasize the positive shapes in the portrait of Gustavus Hamilton?
By using texture to define positive shapes By changing the color of the shapes By limiting the color of the ground
How does Henri Cartier-Bresson keep his photograph from appearing static?
By using vertical arched railing to frame and direct the viewer
Which aspects best describes the additive color mixing process?
Can create lighter hues Associated with film and video
Which are examples of using real light?
Candle illuminating a sculpture Sculpture light by artificial light
Linear perspective was often used with what technique to create depth on a picture plane?
Chiaroscuro
What do trained artists generally do to create a composition?
Combine experience with an understanding of the elements and principles of design
Roman emperors did what to demonstrate their political power visually?
Commissioned statues in their likeness to be distributed
The concave and convex areas on Bill Reid's The Raven and the First Men shows what technique?
Considered how the piece would interact with real light sources
Analyzing an artist's journals and letters for biographic details that impact our understanding of a work of art is an example of establishing ______.
Context
How do most artists use color theories to their advantage?
Control how colors interact
What are the two primary uses of line art?
Convey direction and motion Establish shape by denoting borders
By using vertical and diagonal lines, what can an artist accomplish?
Create movement Direct the viewer's attention
Visual cues can give a flat surface the appearance of what three-dimensional space?
Depth
Which are reasons early man may have created art?
Desire to create meaningful order Desire to communicate Explore the limits of the raw materials used
Iconclasm means the _______ of images based on religious beliefs
Destruction
What kind of line can push an image forward or backward for the viewer?
Diagonal
What is isometric perspective?
Diagonal lines that are parallel without converging
Variety adds what aspects to an image?
Difference Interest
Which characteristics are needed to create unity and variety?
Diversity, Wholeness, Interest
Ansel Adams had what goal in mind with his photographs?
Encourage conservation of Yosemite and other sites
Being beautiful is a characteristic and requirement of all art.
False
True or false: One can only be born with creativity, cultivating it is impossible.
False
True or false: Texture in a work of art can only be experienced through touch.
False
True or false: Using the central axis determines if a piece is asymmetrically balanced.
False
true or false: Using the central axis determines if a piece is asymmetrically balanced.
False
The role of art and understanding of its role in society have been consistent throughout history.
False. ( Though art has been made by cultures throughout history and around the world, the status of art in those times and places has by no means been consistent. For example, in some places artists have obtained relatively high social status, in others artists have held very low social position.)
All representational art is naturalistic.
False. Naturalistic art is just one type of representational art that focuses on recording the object as it appears in its environment.
What challenges did Ansel Adams face when creating his pieces?
Finding locations that captured scale and rhythm
A cube, a pyramid, and a circle are examples of what kind of shapes and masses?
Geometric
When designing Villa Savoye, Le Corbusier used what to base the proportions?
Golden section
Mixing pigments that are complementary on the color wheel will produce what color?
Grayish brown
Which of the following was created for a large group to worship in?
Great Mosque
Why did Albrecht Dürer author books about geometry and measurements when he returned from Italy?
He wanted German artists to have a guide on how to create proportional figures.
Wang Jian gives the viewer an aerial view in White Clouds over Xiao and Xiang for what purpose?
He wants the viewer to travel through the landscape mentally.
How does Joaquuin Sorolla create a realistic depiction of representational light in the painting Boys on the Beach?
Highlights and shadows follow the direction of the sun.
Which figures are foreshortened in Hans Baldung Grien's The Groom and the Witch?
Horse Groom
The contrast of materials and textures makes the viewer aware of what?
How colonization encountered other civilizations
What study involves the interpretation of art, which is an important activity of art scholars?
Iconography
How can a sense of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface be created using flat shapes?
Images can be overlapped to imply regression into the background.
What kind of line, though perceived by the viewer, is not explicitly depicted?
Implied
Which are types of line?
Implied Directional Contour
When objects are layered and positioned in particular ways on a picture plane, what can be created?
Implied depth
Look at this image. In Francisco de Goya's painting Executions of the Third of May, 1808, how is emphasis on the main figure created?
Implied light and directional line
Recent theories suspect cave paintings had what purpose?
Magical properties with connections to the spiritual realm
Before the invention of cameras, artists were obsessed with recreating the natural world in what way?
In a naturalistic way that recreated the visible world as it appears
Which are color properties?
Intensity Hue Value
What happens when gray is added to a hue?
Intensity lowers
What caused artists to explore abstract and nonrepresentational art?
Invention of Camera
What does the architecture of the Guggenheim Museum encourage visitors to do?
Investigate
What makes art made from surrounding natural materials unique?
It almost always leaves behind evidence of its existence. It's created with the understanding it will change appearance.
What does space do?
It defines other visual elements
Why is meaning important for art?
It distinguishes itself it from other works that require the same skills.
Look at this image. How does pattern affect some of the visual elements present in Samuel Fosso's self-portrait?
It distorts or obliterates the mass of the objects
What is a kinetic work of art?
It features one or more moving parts
Which characteristics added to the fame of the Mona Lisa during Leonardo's lifetime?
It had almost a lifelike appearance.
Why do we now consider James Hampton's Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations' Millennium General Assembly a work of art?
It has a unique visual expression.
What is significant about Doris Salcedo's Shibboleth?
It reflects the experiences of immigrants in Europe
On this painted cloth titled Thirteen-Deity Jnanadakini Mandala, what does the symmetrical balance of the mandala communicate?
It represents the cosmic order and logic of life for Tibetan Buddhists.
Why would Self-Portrait with Monkeys give Frida Kahlo a sense of existence?
It was her way of validating her existence despite her crippling pain.
Which characteristics best describe an implied line?
It's an imaginary line that a viewer uses to follow the gaze of a figure It directs the viewer's eye without explicitly depicting a line
How do we know what Vincent van Gogh was feeling when he painted The Starry Night?
Letters he wrote
What approaches does Georges de la Tour use to create emphasis in The Magdalen with Smoking Flame?
Light Line
Thomas Eakins uses what kind of forms to create the lines needed in his painting The Biglin Brothers Racing?
Linear
Exemplified in Leonardo da Vinci's drawing The Virgin and Saint Anne with the Christ Child and John the Baptist, chiaroscuro is what type of value technique?
Modeling
Because the work Chanter by Emmi Whitehorse is mostly tints and shades of one color, it has what kind of color scheme?
Monochromatic
Compositions composed of a single hue in different values and intensity are classified as ______.
Monochromatic
Art that decried any use of the visible world as a starting point was know as what kind of art?
Nonrepresentational
Art is often associated with beauty because they both do what?
Offer Pleasure
When a color harmony is hard to recognize it is possible that it is what kind of palette?
Open
Hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are methods that use lines or dots to create value through what means?
Optical Mixing
What does symmetry in art often represent?
Order, Harmony, Authority
What term categorizes masses and shapes that are irregular and evoke the living forms of nature?
Organic
What line type indicates the outer edge of a shape?
Outline
Which line type indicates the outer edge of a shape?
Outline
What characteristics make Perez de Aguilar's Painter's Cupboard representational?
Painting the light as it appears in the real world Recreating the materials as they appear Using shadow to reveal the direction of the light
The decorative, designs in Samuel Fosso's self-portrait is an example of ______.
Pattern
Anish Kapoor makes the viewer aware of the space Cloud Gate occupies in what ways?
People can touch the piece Viewer's can walk under the piece Surrounding space is reflected
What can an artist use to create an afterimage?
Place complementary colors of the same value in a composition
What are the principles of design?
Proportion and scale Balance Unity and variety
Why is the principle of variety used?
Provide interest in image
What Gestalt theory explains why the viewer sees a triangle?
Reification
Who used the golden section?
Renaissance architects and artists
How can the principle of rhythm be identified?
Repetition of elements in a composition
Art that seeks to present the world as it appears in nature is known as ______.
Representational
To create visual mass in a two-dimensional image, artist will use what kind of light?
Representational
What is the technique that best describes the foundation on which Western art was built from the Renaissance to the 20th century?
Representational
What principle of design was essential to Ansel Adams's compositions in his photographs?
Rhythm
Look at this image. In what ways does Santiago Calatrava use rhythm in his piece Wave?
Rhythm is created through the use of sound when the piece moves. The use of line and motion recreates the motion of ocean waves. The reflection of the wave is shown in the water.
The range of ________'s work makes him difficult to categorize. In addition to paintings, prints and combination pieces, he has done extensive set and costume design for Merce Cunningham and others, as well as graphic design for magazines and books
Robert Raushenberg
Which of the following was designed as a place of worship or mediation?
Sainte-Chapelle Great Mosque at Cordoba The Buddha's in Bamiyan, Afghanistan
The artists Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen are known for their huge sculptures which play with what concept?
Scale
What principle of design refers to the size of an object in relation to a standard or expected size?
Scale
When a set of traits or style is associated with a particular group of artists, the group is known as ______.
School.
Which are characteristics of abstract art?
Sections of an object dispersed in a composition Compositions that distort perspectives Recognizable forms that lack detail
What did travels to Italy inspire Albrecht Dürer to do?
Seek the perfect human form
According to one theory, what distinguishes artists from other "skillful makers"?
Style
By using various dark values in the foreground and limiting the lighter values in the background, The Banjo Lesson presents what characteristics?
Subordination of the table cloth and pitcher Emphasis on the young boy and older man
Look at this image. By using various dark values in the foreground and limiting the lighter values in the background, The Banjo Lesson presents what characteristics?
Subordination of the table cloth and pitcher Emphasis on the young boy and older man
What light source used in the painting Boys on the Beach is the artist Joaquin Sorolla trying to depict?
Sun
If a line is drawn down the center of a composition, and each side corresponds to the other, what does this composition have?
Symmetrical Balance
If a line is drawn down the center of a composition, and each side corresponds to the other, what does this composition have?
Symmetrical balance
Colors that are the product of a primary color and a secondary color are labeled as ______ colors.
Tertiary Intermediate
Which work is an example of mass?
The Raven and the First Men
Look at this image. What did Leonardo da Vinci's Study of Human Proportions According to Vitruvius intend to illustrate?
The ancient idea of perfect human proportions
What did Leonardo da Vinci's Study of Human Proportions According to Vitruvius intend to illustrate?
The ancient idea of perfect human proportions
In what ways does Edouard Manet use balance in his piece A Bar at the Folies-Bergère?
To direct the viewer with a visual guide To make the viewer an active participant
Look at this image. In what ways does Edouard Manet use balance in his piece A Bar at the Folies-Bergère?
To direct the viewer with a visual guide To make the viewer an active participant
Why would an artist subordinate some parts of a composition?
To draw attention to the areas of emphasis
Henry Ossawa Tanner's The Banjo Lesson uses emphasis and subordination for what purpose?
To emphasize figures against the background To place emphasis on the banjo and the boy
For what reason would an artist create this statue of Shiva?
To give visible form to a divine being
For what reason would an artist create a work based on historical events?
To help remind the viewer of the event
In Georges de la Tour's painting The Magdalen with Smoking Flame, why does the artist subordinate the symbolic objects?
To place emphasis on the figure of Mary's upper torso To allow for thoughtful examination of the symbolic objects
Why is the principle of variety used?
To provide interest in the image
Asif Khan created a timed sequence of Megafaces Kinetic Facade for what reason?
To send a timely text to models to see their portraits
Stonehenge is an example of the human impulse to create art for what purpose?
To structure and order the ideas of humans
Actual texture in a work of art is experienced through what sense?
Touch
Because analogous colors are adjacent one another on the color wheel, the colors can create what kind of emotion?
Tranquil
By using an analogous color scheme in the piece Magnolias and Irises, Louise Comfort Tiffany is able to create what kind of atmosphere for the viewer?
Tranquil
What technique do artists use to recreate natural textures on a flat painted surface?
Trompe l'oeil
True or false: Haruko Kojin's Reflectwo creates symmetrical balance through the use of floating fabric flower petals.
True
What does the repetition of certain elements in a work of art provide?
Unity within the design
What is an open palette?
Unlimited hues and their mixtures, tints, and shades
Look at this image. What does Gijsbrechts do in Trompe l'oeil with Studio Wall and Vanitas Still-Life to create visual texture?
Use implied light Mimic wood texture using paint
How is Robert Rauschenberg's Windward able to communicate the location depicted?
Use of symbols shared by a specific society and culture
What approaches does Annette Messager use to aid the viewer in understanding Mes Voeux?
Various body parts Repetition of shapes Repetition of text
Every profession uses creativity, but artists specialize in what type of creativity?
Visual
When an artist chooses an area of a composition to highlight or draw attention to, this is called ______.
emphasis
True or false: Using the central axis determines if a piece is asymmetrically balanced.
false
