Art 1.6 & 7

Alexander Calder (he was credited for creating the mobile), Untitled

1976. Aluminum and steel. A kinetic sculpture that rely on air current to move. 126

Walt Disney Pictures, frame from Finding Nemo

Prime example of animation. Compiled from individual frames that were computer generated using 3D modeling software. Frames were play in rapid succession. Animation is inspired from stroboscopic motion. 124

bioart

art that is created with living, changing organisms. Is art that reflects the passage of time through the natural processes of growth and decay that organic material undergo. 1128-29

Hierarchical Scale

use size to indicate the relative importance of figures or objects in a composition. Refers to the deliberate use of relative size in a work in order to communicate differences in importance Larger means important and smaller less important.

Implied motion

we do not actually see the motion happening, but clues tell us that it is a key aspect of the work.

Compositional Unity

created by organizing all the visual aspects of a work, but can be difficult because too much unity can looks monotone and too much variety can lack structure and a central idea. 131

Conceptual Unity

refers to the cohesive expression of ideas within a work of art. The artist links images that, although different in their appearance, have an idea, symbol, aspect, or association in common. EX. The common idea of feathers, kites, and balloons the feeling of flight. Sometimes these connections are product of experiences of their culture (the artist's experience, reactions and intentions). 135-6

Balance

the distribution of elements, whether unified or varied, within a work. (131) It provides visual equilibrium and helps a work look complete. Process in intuitive. A principle of art in which elements are used to create a symmetrical or asymmetrical sense of visual weight in an artwork.

Asymmetrical Balance (dynamic balance)

when the elements on the left and right sides are not the same, but the combination of elements counters each other (their visual weight is same even if they are not symmetrical?) 141

Stroboscopic motion

when we see 2 or more repeated images in quick succession, they tend visually to fuse together. 123-4

Golden Section

(golden Main or Golden Ratio): A unique ratio of a line divided into two parts so that a + b is to a as a is to b. The result is (a proportional ratio of) 1:1.618. (which can occur in many natural objects but not real human bodies) (page 134)

Installation

An artwork created by the assembling and arrangement of objects in a specific location. Originally referring to the hanging of pictures and arrangement of objects in an exhibition, installation may also refer to an intentional environment created as a complete artwork

found object (or image)

An object found by an artist and presented, with little or no alteration, as part of a work or as a finished work of art in itself. (page 121)

Gianlorenzo Bernini, Apollo and Daphne

Carrara marble, 8' high. Communicate (imply) motion by the position of the figure (hair like moving). Bernini used Diagonal lines in the flowing drapery, limbs, and hair. He falls in love for her and her dad (river god peneius) transformed her into a tree. 121 Bernini's sculpture Apollo and Daphne implies motion. What kind of motion is being depicted? A chase scene.

Symmetrical Balance

Cut in half a work and each side looks the same (or nearly the same). EX animals, humans, shapes. 140. Is created when harmony unites all the elements. 142

Vishnu Dreaming the universe (Hindu),

Relief panel. The repetition of the human shapes that attend Vishnu creates compositional unity; these similar shapes link to each other visually. The unity if male and female. The dualities of male/female, life/death, good/evil, unifying duality. A religious idea (and the fervent belief of the artist interconnect through a symbolic representation carved in stone) provides profound conceptual unity.. How these aspects combine so completely in an artwork, we experience a sense of gestalt, an awakening underling of the whole.

mobile

Suspended moving sculptures, usually impelled by natural air currents. (page 113)

motion

The effect of changing placement in time. (page 106) Motion occurs when an object change location or position.

Proportion

The relationship in size between a work's individual parts and the whole. The relationship between the sizes of different parts of a work make up its proportions. It Is a core principle in the unity of any art object. As size relationship change, proportion change. (page 128) 149

Scale

The size of an object or artwork relative to another object or artwork, or to a system of measurement. We perceive scale in relation to our own size. The scale of a work of art communicate ideas. Small scale implies intimacy. Big scales communicate messages to a large audience. Artist consider cost, location, time to make it to decide about the scale (page 128) 146

kinetic sculpture

Three-dimensional art that moves, impelled by air currents, motors, or people. An example of art that moves. (page 113)

Duration, tempo, intensity, scope, setting, chronology

Time based arts, such as a film, embody 6 basic attributes of time

Golden Rectangles

To organize their composition and ensure that their work is visually interesting. One is it. it is based on nesting inside each other a succession of rectangles based on the 1:1.618 proportions of the Golden Section. Crea un espiral 152-4

Actual motion

We perceive ____ when something change over time. Art that changes in real space and time. EX kinetic art. When objects physically move and change in real space and time

Distorted Scale

paint something at a scale that contradicts its surroundings. Altering our ordinary experience of scale. Distort scale to create a supernatural effect. 149

performance art

(has actual motion) A work involving the human body, usually including the artist, in front of an audience (page 112). The artist's intention in to create not an art object, but an experience that can exist only in one place and time in history 125. This type of art involves viewing actual motion and the artist's body in the work.

kinetic art

(has actual motion) A work that contains moving parts. Plays out the passage of time through an art object, usually a sculpture that moves. page 112)

Radial Balance

(or symmetry) (bilateral balance): when all elements in a work are equidistant from a central point and repeat in symmetrical way from side to side and top to bottom. Any geometric shape can be used. When an element needs to be repeated more than twice this balance can be used..

Gestalt Unity

Complete order and indivisible unity of all aspects of an artwork's design. German word for form or shape. Refers to something in which the whole seems greater than the sum of its parts. We get a sense of gestalt when we comprehend how compositional and conceptual unity work together. The composition and ideas that go to make an art combined

Joseph Cornell, Untitled The Hotel Eden

He was a surrealist sculptor, his work is based in a dream and memories. An expression of Cornell's personality and methods. Example of conceptual unity?. Assemblage. like a 3D collage. with music box that contain compositions of found objects. everyday things of life and put them in the box. Together, they make an idea greater than the one they could create on their own. Neither the bird nor the ball is free. 136-7

optical art

Illusion of motion that deceives the eye. A style of art that exploits the physiology of seeing in order to create illusory optical effects. Painters in this style experimented with discordant positive-negative relationships. (page 111) Op Art of the 1960s relied on a physiological effect that creates an illusion of motion. This effect is the natural oscillations of the eye

Unity

It's about repetition and similarities. The imposition of order (or wholeness) and harmony on a design (or art) (opposed to disorder). It's the sense of harmony that separate art from the chaos of the world. Provides cohesiveness and help to communicate the arts ideas. It refers to the oneness or organization of similarities between elements of the art. Use it to make choices that link elements. 3 kinds of unity: compositional, conceptual, and gestalt.

Variety

It's about uniqueness and diversity (used to intensify or invigorate the impact (or energy of a work that would be lost if there were too much unity). The diversity (collection) of different ideas, media (materials?), and elements in a work (that are fused together into one design). It is expressed in contrast and difference create a visual interest. Sometimes a lack of similarity between elements can create unity when there is a grid (page 131) 137-8

Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash

Oil on canvas. Repetition of the limbs of the dog and owner (different positions) to imply movement (motion) (as we are seeing several separate moments at once). The leash is an implied line repeated in 4 different positions. Diagonal lines. It gives a sense (illusion) of ongoing forward motion even thought the paint is still. 122