Art Appreciation: Chapter 8

post-impressionist

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screenprinting

A stencil is adhered to a screen made of silk fabric stretched across a frame. In is pushed through the fabric with a rubber edged tool called a squeegee

aquatint

Aquatint is an etching process used to obtain shaded areas in black and white or color prints

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Definition: a group of mechanically aided two- dimensional processes that permit the production of multiple original artworks. • Relief Printmaking • Intaglio Printmaking • Screen Printmaking • Lithography

current directions

Experimental printmaking in recent years has taken two general directions: Ø New types of printing materials, and Ø Digital technology

printmaking methods

In a relief process, the printmaker cuts away all parts of the printing surface not meant to carry the ink, leaving the design to be printed "in relief" a the level of the original surface

printmaking methods...

In a relief process, the printmaker cuts away all parts of the printing surface not meant to carry the ink, leaving the design to be printed "in relief" a the level of the original surface Intaglio printing is the opposite of relief: areas below the surface hold the ink

printmaking methods.......

In a relief process, the printmaker cuts away all parts of the printing surface not meant to carry the ink, leaving the design to be printed "in relief" a the level of the original surface Intaglio printing is the opposite of relief: areas below the surface hold the ink Lithography is a surface or planographic printing process based on the mutual antipathy of oil and water Screenprinting is a refinement of the ancient and relatively simple technique of stencil printing.

Intaglio

Intaglio comes from the Italian intaglieare, "to cut into"

continued

Intaglio printmaking: The paper is typically soaked in water to ensure ink transfer.

intaglio printmaking

Intaglio printmaking: lines are incised on wood or metal plates and ink is placed in the grooves and forced with intense pressure.

lithography

Lithography is a surface or planographic printing process based on the mutual antipathy of oil and water.

cont

Relief printmaking: • Ink is applied to the plate and the relief parts of the plate produce the image.

cont.

Relief printmaking: Ink is rolled over the surface of the plate with a brayer and ink can be forced onto the paper with a burnisher.

relief printmaking

Relief printmaking: the artist cuts away parts of the surface of a plate. The part that is not cut away will stand out in relief.

etching

The process of making an etching begins with the preparation of a metal plate with a ground--a protective coating of acid- resistant material that covers the copper or zinc. The plate is immersed in acid that bites a groove into the plate that can be inked.

Overview

The term "printmaking" describes processes for creating multiples. The four basic categories of printmaking—relief, intaglio, lithography, and screenprinting—are discussed in this chapter. Each of these categories has a number of associated processes. Descriptions of many of these media and examples are explored in order to reveal their unique characteristics.

printmaking

The term printmaking describes a variety of techniques developed to create multiple copies of a single image

registration

When more than one color is used, individually inked blocks--one for each color--are carefully registered (lined up) to ensure that colors will be exactly placed in the final print

linoleum cut (linocut)

a relief printmaking process, in which an artist cuts away negative spaces from a block of linoleum, leaving raised areas to take ink for printing

screenprinting...

a technique in which stencils are applied to fabric stretched across a frame and paint or ink is forced through the unblocked portions of the screen onto paper or another surface beneath

relief print...

a technique in which the parts of the printing surface that carry ink are left raised, while remaining areas are cut away

burin

a tool used in engraving

artist's proof

a trial print, usually made as an artist works on a plate or block, to check the progress of a work

icons

an image or symbolic representation, often with sacred significance

plate mark

an impression made on a piece of paper by pressing a printing plate onto it; usually a sign of an original print

engraving

an intaglio printmaking process in which grooves are cut into a metal or wood surface with a sharp cutting tool called a burin or graver

drypoint

an intaglio printmaking process in which lines are scratched directly into a metal plate with a steel needle; the scratch raises a ridge that takes the ink

intaglio......

any printmaking technique in which lines and areas to be inked are recessed below the surface of the printing plate

registered....

in color printmaking or machine printing, the process of aligning the impressions of blocks or plates on the same sheet of paper

edition

in printmaking, the total number of prints made and approved by the artist, usually numbered consecutively; also a limited number of multiple originals of a single design in any medium

offset lithography

lithographic printing by indirect image transfer from photomechanical plates

wood engraving

method of relief printing in wood; in comparison to woodcut,a wood engraving is made with denser wood, cutting into the end of the grain rather than the side; the density of the wood demands the use of engraving tools rather than woodcarving rools

matrix

the block of metal, wood, stone, or other material that an artist works to create a print

woodcuts(woodblocks)

type of relief print made form a plank of relatively soft wood; the artist carves away the negative spaces, leaving the image in relief to take ink for printing

printmaking....

• Intaglio printmaking: two techniques- acid and non- acid (refers to how the plate is made) • Acid: The plate is coated with something known as a "ground" (wax, petroleum jelly, varnish) The artist sketches into the ground removing it. The plate is covered with acid which "eats" at the uncovered metal. • Examples: etching, aquatint, and embossing

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• Intaglio printmaking: two techniques- acid and non- acid (refers to how the plate is made) • Non-Acid: The plate is scratched or incised with a sharp tool. • Examples: drypoint, engraving, mezzotint

lithography..

• Lithography: A drawing is made on the stone or plate with a greasy crayon or tusche, and then washed with water. When ink is applied it sticks to the greasy drawing but runs off (or is resisted by) the wet surface allowing a print-- a lithograph-- to be made of the drawing.

screen printing

• Screen Printing: An image is imposed on a screen of silk or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an impermeable substance, and ink is forced through the mesh onto the printing surface. Also called serigraphy or silk-screen.