Art Appreciation Final Chapter 1-13

tesserae

In mosaic, a small usually cubic piece of colored ceramic, stone, or glass used as the basic unit of composition

__________ perspective is the viewpoint from above and parallel lines do not converge in the distance

Isometric

___________ can best be described as "the path traced by a moving point"

Line

Binder

Makes pigment adhere to a surface

Visual Weight

The apparent "heaviness or lightness" of a shape or form

"Gilded" is the term used to indicate that a work has been covered with a thin layer of gold

True

A basic subject for sculpture is the human figure

True

A drawing usually only lines or dots can indicate shadows

True

An artist can create a focal pint by putting emphasis on a small, but defined area

True

Analogous color harminies are those in which the colors are close to one another on the color wheel

True

Annette Messager's Mes Voeux and Joseph COrnell's The Hotel Eden both demonstrate the use of conceptual unity

True

Because of industrial versions of printing proceses images are routinely printed on almost every imaginable surface around us

True

By the 1950's the new synthetic paint, also called acrylic, would challenge oils as the principal painting medium

True

By using the concept of an installation, artists have more control over our experience in a shaped, delimited space such as a room

True

Changing materials such as flowers, ice, and light can be used to create sculpture

True

Collage is a French term, is a broader term used for artworks "pasted" or "glued"

True

Composition usually refers to two-eimensional and thee-dimensional works of art

True

Crayon can mean anything from wax crayons used by children through the lithographic crayon meant for drawing on stone in printmaking

True

Foreshortening is the term for the effect produced by appling the logic of linear perspective to every form that recedes into the distance, including people and animals

True

Geometric shapes and masses look more natural than man-made

True

Gouache is not one of the four basic printmaking methods

True

Implied lines guide a viewers eyes around a work of art

True

In a two-dimensional work with asymmetrical balance, the appearance of balance is achieved by distributing visual wieght accordingly

True

In art, the design principle of balance functions to help communicate a work's moods and meanings, encourage our active participation in a work and lead our eyes around a work

True

In sculpture, the most common modeling material is leather

True

Leonardo da Vinci used drawings to explore ideas in art, mathematics, science, and engineering

True

Lines are sometimes used in art to indicate direction and movement

True

Monochromatic harmonies are composed of any three colors equidistant from each other on the color wheel

True

On the color wheel, yellow, red, and blue are known as primary colors

True

One of the advantages of oil painting is that it dries very slowly. This allows for the painting to be reworked indefinitely

True

Papyrus, cave walls, silk, ad fired clay are among the materials besides paper that have provided support for drawings.

True

Parchment is a drawing surface made from treated animal skins and was used throughout the Roman Empire and in the middle ages in Europe

True

Pen and ink was the favorite sketching medium of the great draftsmen Rembrandt

True

Realizing that categories such as "drawing" and "painting" are cultural and somewhat fluid can be freeing experience for both artists and viewers

True

Relief sculpture is not meant to be viewed in the round, not finished on all sides, and often used to decorate architecture

True

Subtractive processes start with a mass larger than that of the planned sculpture

True

Symmetrical balance describes a work in which forms on either side of a vertical axis are very similar

True

T/F - According to the author, the impulse to create art comes from basic human interests in creating order and structure, exploring aesthetic possibilities, and constructing images and forms that carry meaning.

True

T/F - Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the feelings aroused is us by sensory experiences, such as sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell.

True

T/F - In a work of art, form includes all visual aspects of the work that can be isolated and described.

True

T/F - No society that we know of has lived without some form or art. The impulse to make and respond to art appears to be as deeply ingrained as the ability to learn language.

True

T/F - Our eyes and brains cannot receive and process all the information in our environment, but must be selective.

True

T/F - The natural of perception suggests the the most important key to looking at art is to become aware of the process of looking itself.

True

T/F - The word for extreme optical fidelity is trompe l'oeil

True

Texture can be either implied or actual

True

The architect Le Corbusier designed "The Modulor", a tool he used for calculating human proportions, based upon the golden section

True

The common issue facing those who work to conserve works of art is: the effect of light, the work of earlier restorers, changing levels of heat and humidity , and pollution

True

The difference in the color and consistency of different types of crayons and pastels is due to the use of different binders.

True

The key difference between the process of lost-wax casting as practiced in ancient times and that same process today, multiples can be created from the process

True

The nib of the pen conveys the ink to the drawing surface

True

The term intaglio means that the marks will be made by ink recessed into areas below the surface of the plate

True

Traditionally artist's drawings were relatively small in comparison with paintings and many were quickly executed

True

Traditionally, a numbered art print shows both the number of prints in the entire edition and the number relating the order in which each print is pulled

True

A high-quality ink-jet printer uses finer, pigment-based inks formulated to resist fading or altering in color over time

Ture

Pablo Picasso's Girl Before a Mirror is based in symmetrical balance, but the two sides are not identical mirror images. This composition allows him to explore the traditional theme of

Vanitas

_________________paintings mediate on the fleeting nature of earthly life and happiness

Vantais

Registration

alignment of multiple printing surfaces to create colored prints.

In fresco painting, a drawing called a . __________ is transferred to the prepared surface prior to applying the pigment

cartoon

Wood and store are the principal materials for

carvings

Sculptors will often create a "sketch" out of ________ to test ideas before proceeding to their medium of choice

clay

pigment

coloring material

During the middle ages the term "art" was used roughly in the same sense as ______________

craft

Two ancient painting media that are still in use today are ________ and fresco

encastic

_________ painting medium, developed after chemists created strong, weatherproof, industrial paints, has challenged the supremacy of oil painting

encaustic

The painting technique used in the first century in Egypt, Greece, and Rome that involves the use of wax is ________

encoustic

In oil painting, linseed oil acts as a support

false

Mixing two primary colors produces a triad color

false

The "vanishing point" is the level at which paintings are hung on the wall

false

Watercolorists never allow the white surface of hte paper to be seen through their paint

false

What are two qualities often associated with drawing

familiarity and Integrity

When an artist uses directional lines, color, sizes, or shapes to draw the viewer's eye to a certain area of a work, that artist is using the emphasis or a ___________

focal point

_______ is a mixture of white pigment and glue that eals a support and can be sanded and rubbed to a smooth, ivory like finish

gesso

The use of pen and ink to make expressive thick and thinlines is referred to as calligraphic or ________ lines

gestural

The traditional metalpoint ______ recipe calls for a mixture of bone ash, glue, and white pigment in water.

ground

______________- relates to the visual information surrounding a shape that we detach and focus on.

ground

Encaustic painting requires the application of a _______ source close to the surface to fuse the colors on a completed painting

heat

A work of art which bases scale on the relative importance fo the people depicted is using ___________ scale

hierarchy

Parallel lines receding into the distance, in linear prespective, seem to converge at a vanishing point which is located on the

horizon line

___________________ . Is the term that relates to a study of the symbols and story in a work of art

iconography

The technique of thickly applying layers of paint is know as

impasto

In printmaking, where multiple images are made from the same original design, each individual print is called an ____________

impression

Another term for asymmetrical balance is _____________ balance

informal

Earthwork

the changing of terrain to create shapes and designs in the ground

Composition

the combining of parts or elements to form a more whole. The structure, organization or total form of a whole art

Content

the story behind something

ground

the surface on which a work of two dimensional art is made

During the 20th century, _________ became a recognized element of art

time an dmotion

unity

to bring sometthing together

Edition

total number of impressions made

Watercolors primary characteristic is its

transparent

Synthetic paints are often referred to a polymer or acrylic paints

true

A black and white photograph of a scene eliminates the hues and intensities of the scene's colors, but captures the ___________ of the colors

value

Artists will often add _____________ to provide interest and enliven the unity of a work of art

variety

According to the author, the most important meaning of an artwork is what it means to the ______________

viewer

Artists can portray ____________ textures that are created to look like something other than a flat pointed surface

visual

The term style is used to categorize a work of art by its _________characteristics

visual

5 purposes of Architecture

1. Residential 2. Religion 3. Government/Public 4. Commercial/Private 5. Transportation

Model

Creating the illusion of a 3D object or a 2D surface by using hilights or shadows

What ar two principles tha distinguish original artists prints from commercial reporductions

1. Art work was designed to be only a print Artist over sees the entire process of printing

Cateorgize four artist and audience relationships

1. Artist-artist creates - audience: public accepts 2. Master artist- audience - patrons 3. Court artist - audience nobility 4. Artist creates - audience - himself (artists self)

List two types of balance

1. Asymmetrical 2. Symmetrical

4 basic methods of a sculpture

1. Carvings 2. Castings 3. Assembling 4. Modeling

What are the 6 skeleton and skin systems of construction

1. Cast Iron 2. Steel Frame 3. Balloon frame 4. Reinforced Concrete 5. suspension 6. Geodesic domes

Basic differences between the greek column orders

1. Doric - oldest , no base, plain capital, slight taper to shaft - 6th cent 2. Iconic - has steeped base, straightened shaft, capital valutes, 7th cent 3. Corinthian - 4th cent , enlongated shaft, detailed base, acanthus leaf motif on capital

Three type of direction lines and what movement they sugges

1. Horizontal - No movement 2. Vertical - potential movement 3. Diagonal - movement

What are the two major ways of creating are in the third dimension

1. In the round 2. relief

Three types of perspective

1. Isometric 2. Asymetric 3. linear

List four color harmonies

1. Monomatic 2. analogous 3. complimentary 4. triadic

What are the 6 shell systems of construction

1. Post and lintel 2. Load Bearing 3. Round, arch, and vault 4. Pointed arch and vault 5. Domes 6. Corbelled arch and dome

List three major purposes for drawing

1. Preliminary - study and stretch 2. Illusion - communication tool 3. Self expression art work

Environmental Sculpture

Sculpture that are earth works in situations or site specific

List the seven visual elements

1. Time and motion 2. shape and mass 3. texture and pattern 4. light 5. color 6. line 7. Space

A hue darker than the hue's normal value is called a

Shade

Because she paonted it repeatedly and because she lived out her life there, Georgia O'Keefe is most closely associated with Montana

False

Egg tempra paints are customarily used in the technique of air -burshing

False

Engraving is the term used for correctly aligning sheets to e printed in several colors

False

Fired Clay is sometimes called pewter

False

Georgia O'Keefe scuplted in marble, primarily dealing with religious subjects

False

Impasto is watercolor that has been made opaque by adding inert white pigment to it

False

In a two-dimensional work of art that is balanced symmetrically, the implied center of gravity is along the horizon line.

False

In buon fresco, or true fresco, pigment is mixed with water and applied to dry plaster

False

Inert white pigment is used in gouache to make the colors transparent

False

Isometric perspective is only used by architects

False

Leonardo da Vinci advised artists in his Treatise on Painting never to sketch from life or nature

False

Metalpoint is the most common of all drawing materials

False

No material other than metal can be used in a casting process

False

The ____________ are credited with the invention of paper around 105 CE

Chinese

List three ways the development of photography has changed art and artists.

1. a new art form 2. abstract to non representational developed 3. Portrait photography become more popular than portrait paintings

What are the six roles of the artist

1. create place for human purpose 2. Give tangible form to the unknown 3. record and commemorate 4. provide new ways to view the works 5. create extraordinary out of the ordinary 6. tangible form to feelings

What are the six basic methods of intaglio printmaking

1. etchings 2. engravings 3. mezzotint 4. aquatint 5. dry point 6. photogravure

List two ways to create depth without using a form of perspective

1. over lapping 2. position

What are the six basic types of printmaking?

1. relief 2. Intaglo 3. seriography 4. digital inkjet 5. lithography 6. monotype

List the 5 purposes of human form in sculptures

1. religious beliefs 2. in the existence 3. express human experience 4. Memorial 5. worthy subject

2 factors that must be considered in any structural system

1. weight 2. Tensile strength

What are two ways to define scale in a work of art

1. within the work of art 2. Of the work itself

Three basic methods or relief printmaking

1. wood cutting 2. wood engraving 3. lino cutting

Minimalism

1960's and 1970's toward simple primary forms

in 1515 _______ was appointed court painter to the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I

Albert Durer

Open Palette

All colors are useable nothing is restricted

The close association between writing and painting is evident in ______ cultures where the brush as long been the preferred drawing tool as well as writing instrument

Asia

Symmetrical balance

Balance in a work of art that is the same on both sides

_______ remains after wood is burned

Charcoal

In painting and drawing, artists often use the technique of ________ to describe the way shadows and light define the mass of forms

Chiaroscuro

Serpent Mound and Spiral Jetty are known as

Earth Work

A rainbow is the result of reflection of light from a still surface

False

A rubber stamp produces a print in much the same way that an engraver does

False

A vehicle is the pigment in paint

False

Acrylic is an example of nonaqueous medium

False

After building a canvas and before painting it, a pointer generally applies a coat of linseed oil.

False

An edition in printmaking is the person who corrects the spelling and punctuation on the master before the printing process begins

False

An example of a liquid medium in drawing is silverpooint

False

Andy Goldsworthy is a sculptor who only uses the lost wax casting method.

False

Atmospheric perspective is never used in CHinese paintings and drawings

False

Raphael used a wash, ink diluted with water and applied witha brush to give solidity to some objects in his ink drawings of the farmhouses and landscapes around Amsterdam

False

Rembrandt was a master of serigraphy

False

Secondary colors cannot be mixed from primaries

False

Serigraphy is a major technique for creating lines in intaglio printmaking

False

T/F - An artist can never change his style.

False

T/F - Most artists who paint in an abstract or nonrepresentational style do so because they cannot draw well.

False

T/F - Non-Objective art closely resembles identifiable objects in the real world.

False

T/F - When discussing the size, shape, material, color, and composition of a work of art, we are discussing its theme.

False

T/F- A representation of a god, such as the Hindu god Shiva, fulfills the artistic function of recording and commemorating.

False

The Thirteen-Diety Jnandakini Mandala uses proportion to suggest that there is a hidden order to the universe

False

The ancient Egyptians developed a standard set of proportions used to create images of the "correct" or "perfect" humans, as have many cultures both ancient and modern. This set of proportions was created using the goledn section

False

The canvas, paper, wood, wall, or other surfaces on which artists apply paint is known as a vehicle

False

The coloring material in virtually all drawing media is known as binder

False

The facade of Sant'Andrea, Mantua uses hierarchial scale

False

The predecessor of the graphite pencil, especially popular during the Renaissance, is crayon

False

The printing surface is always flat in every printing method

False

The subtractive process involves welding

False

The term "atmospgheric perspective can best be applied to marble sculptures

False

To prevent poorly impressed prints, Rembrandt always destroyed his etched plates after making an edition

False

Traditionally, tempra was used on a glass panel support prepared with gesso

False

Watercolor's primary characteristic is its ease of revision

False

The artist _________ is often associated with conte crayon drawings

Georges Steart

_______________ began an association with the photographer Alfred Stieglitz in 1917 that lasted until his death in 1946

Georgia O'Keefe

What is difference between romanesque and gothic cathedral

Gothic: has pointed arches, ribbed vault, flying buttress and piers Romanesque - has rounded arch and vault, has barrel vault, has groin vault and buttress

_____________ constitutes the marking material of a common pencil

Graphite

Except in the case of ______, identical multiple impressions are printed to create editions in printmaking

Monotype

_______ paint dries so slowly that the finished painting may not completely dry for months

Oil

In a two-dimenstional art form the actual flat surface on which the work is extcuted is called the

Picture Plane

Pen and ink was the favorite sketching medium of ________ , one of the greatest draftsmen of the 17th century

Rembrandt

List the five design principles

Rhythm, unity and variety, balance, proportion and scale, emphasis and subordination

Artist who use tiny dots in varying concentrations to indicate light and shadow are using the _____________ drawing technique

Stipping

Content

Story within a work of art

The objects or events that a work depicts are known as _________________

Subject Matter

Contrapposto

a post that suggests the potential for movement and thus life in a standing human figure

ground

a preliminary layer of paint

Cancelled

a print being destroyed so no more prints can be made

Impasto

a technique of applying thick layers of paint

Glazes

a thin translucent layer or color generally applied over another color

Tapestry

a woven surface that is used to paint

Installation

an art form in which an entire room or similar space is treated as a work of art to be entered and experienced.

Afterimage

an image you see after moving away from the actual image

Impression

an individual print

An artist who is directly engaged in creating an edition of prints from an original master usually makes a limited number of prints __________ and signs them

approves

Representational Art

art that has a purpose and represents something

Kinetic art

art that incorporates real or movement

Collage

artistic composition of materials pasted over a surface; an assemblage of diverse elements

Our modern ideas about art carry with them ideas about the ___________ and the __________________

artists and audience

___________ is a sculptural process of bringing together individual pieces, segments, or objects to form a sculpture

assembling

Ina two-dimensional work with ________________ balance, the appearance of balance is achieved by distributing visual weight accordingly

asymmetrical

The term ______ may be used to refer to the depth of the forms in a coin

bas-relief

One of the main differences between the intaglio and the relief printing processes is that with intaglio the ink lays ____________ the surface of the printing plate

below

If a work has been created by replacing a wax model with a molten metal, then the material used for the completed work probably was ______

bronze

The earliest surviving woodcut image, dated 868 CE has a representation of the ________ preaching

buddah

Artists look for new direction in thought processes related to artworks created a new art form, called _______________ in chich a space is presented as a work of art that can be entered, expolred and experienced

installation

The concept _____ conceives of a space and everything in it as a work of art

installation

Ink is an example of a _______ medium in drawing

liquid

The printing technique invented by a German playwright in search of an inexpensive means of publishing music is _________

lithographic

The ________ process dates back to the 3rd millenium BCE

lost-wax

The printing technique of ________ is especially capable of producing subtle shades of gray

mexxotint

In the 17th century, an amateur artist from the Netherlands boasted to his king that he had created a method for printing shadings of gray without using lines. The printing technique was _______ which is part of the intaglio family of processes.

mezzo tint

_________ do not believe in trying to influence people rough images; they favored industrial and construction materials; and they attempted to offer a pure experience by letting the materials speak for themselves

minimalists

Subordination

minimizes or tones down other compositional elements in order to bring attention to the focal point

The additie process of sculpture includes both _______ and assembling

modeling

The two main differences between prints and most other forms of art are: prints are made using an indirect process and this process results in ________ of the same image

multiples

A _________ paint is on e that dissolves in something other than water

nonaqueous

Selective perception

only seeing specific parts of something

In art, shapes that suggest forms found in nature are called _______ shapes

organic

The term _________ refers to the board on which artists mix colors or the artist's range of color

palatte

The media of ________ is the most forgiving of mistakes and changes of decisions

pencil

The substance which provides the color in paint is known as _______

pigment

The Banjo Lesson creates emphasis through size and . _____________ of the figures

placement

All of these methods: animal fats and pigments mixed together, the use of reed brushes and powedered pigments blown through hollow reeds used by __________________ painters

prehistoric

The idea that a print is made from a matrix has been altered by te use of an artist quality ________ to make prints

printer

__________refers to size repationships between parts of a whole

proportion

____________ describes the process of sunlight being broken up into a spectrum or rainbow band

refraction

A rubber stamp creates ____________ type print

relief

Through repetition, any of the visual elements can take on a __________ within a work of art

rhythm

__________ . relates to the size of objects in a work in relation to their actual size

scale

Serigraphy means literally __________

silk writings

Pattern

something that repeats and creates texture

The ancient Roman architect Vitruvius associated the perfect male form with the perfect geometry of the circle and the _______

square

When the author uses the term _____________ he identifies it as constant, recurring, and coherent

style

Iconography involves identifying, describing, and interpreting the ___________________ in a work of art

subject matter

The carving method is more aggressive than modeling, more direct than casting, and is a ______________ process

subtractive

support

surface in which an artist paints

Rather than depend solely on visual unity, an artist will sometimes create __________ unity by unifying the ideas in a work of art

symmetrical

Textures we experience through the sense of touch are called actual texture or ____________

tactile textures

In buon fresco, or true fresco, pigment is mixed with water and applied to ____ plaster

wet

Historically, in silverpont, lines were drawn with a silver _____ onto a surface coated with bone dust

wire