Art History 101: Final Exam
• Buttress not attached to the wall • Directs church to the ground, outwards
Flying Buttress
• Small portable paintings depicting Christ, the Virgin, Saints, or all three • Objects of veneration, praying, help
Icon
• The destruction of images
Iconoclasm - 8th century
• City in Saudi Arabia
Mecca
• Also known as the Medieval ages • Lasted from 5th to 15th century Began with the fall of Western Roman Empire
Middle Ages
• Arched opening that faces towards Mecca
Mihrab
• Tall towers where call of prayers take place
Minaret
• Place of worship
Mosque
• Born in Mecca • From Saudi Arabia • A prophet
Muhammad, born ca. 570 C.E.
• Abrahamic religion • Images are banned
Muslim
• An antechamber or large porch in a modern church • Place where people were studying Christianity before baptism
Narthex
• Central part of a church building • Intended to accommodate most of the congregation • In Latin, known as ship
Nave
• Religious text of Islam • Muslims believe to be a revelation from God
Qur'an
• Represents the Last Judgement
Romanesque Portal
• Large round window that has shape of a rose
Rose Window
• (in a cross-shaped church) either of the two parts forming the arms of the cross shape, projecting at right angles from the nave
Transept
• Part where roof comes out of the aisle
Triforium
• Central pillar, supporting column
Trumeau
• Semicircular part above the door
Tympanum
500-1453 CE
Byzantine
• Clerestory windows become much taller allowing more light to come in
Clerestory
• Calligraphy, geometric designs
Arabesque
• Rebuilt the church in the new gothic style • Built St. Denis, all made of stone
Abbot Suger
• A large semicircular or polygonal recess in a church • Arched or with a domed roof
Apse
• Large open space within a building, courtyard
Atrium
• Multipurpose building
Basilica
• A French abbot and the primary reformer of the Cistercian Order
Bernard of Clairvaux
• Beautiful writing and scripts
Calligraphy
• A church that has a design with a primary central space surrounded by symmetrical areas around each side • Any building that fits with a circle • Where altar is located
Central Plan
• Emphasizes the demographic, cultural and economic deterioration that supposedly occurred in Western Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire • Petrarch regarded the post-Roman centuries as "dark" compared to the light of classical antiquity
Dark Ages
• Domes were placed on top of pedentives
Dome
• Known as Golden Ratio • If ratio is the same as the ratio of sum to the larger of the two quantities • Rectangles used making the formula
Golden Section
300-500 CE
Late Antiquity (Early Christian)
• A title of Christ represented as the ruler of the universe, especially in Byzantine church decoration
Pantocrator
• Constructive device for the placing of a circular dome over a square room or elliptical dome over a rectangular room • Curved triangle of vaulting formed by the intersection of a dome with its supporting arches
Pendentive
• Intersection of two or three barrel vaults • Edged with an armature of piped masonry carved in decorative patterns
Ribbed Vault