Art History 107

In the video, which of the following do the art historians discuss about the painting, Madonna of the Meadows?

1 - texture 2 - scale 3 - pictorial space 4 - color

The stupa represents which of the following?

1 - the Buddha 2 - the universe 3 - a mountain 4 - the path to enlightenment

When approaching a work of art, art historians often consider:

1 - the artwork's formal qualities 2 - the artwork's historical context 3 - the artwork's subject matter

One of the chief products that the Portuguese traded with the kingdom of Benin were, _____ ingots, which often took the form of "manillas" or bracelets.

Brass

Hindu sculptures, like all Indian art are modeled on living beings and do not depict idealized forms.

False

Hindus go to temples at set times throughout the week.

False

Maya ceramic vessels were made using a pottery wheel.

False

Polychrome prints were made using a single carved block, with up to 15 different types of ink.

False

Sculptures are not important to the practice of Hinduism and are merely a form of decoration.

False

A French writer called the craze for all things Japanese in Europe in the late 1800s ________, which had the most direct and immediate impact in the decorative arts.

Japonisme

The city of Palenque at the height of its power was ruled by King ________

K'inich Janaab' Pakal

This sculpture depicts Vishnu in his most popular form as _______, the warrior-king who freed his people from demonic threats.

Krishna

The American artist, ________, who created the above print, found in Japanese woodcuts like those of Kitagawa Utamaro a fresh approach to the depiction of common events in women's lives.

Mary Cassatt

In ______, it is probable that early Buddhist imagery was influenced by the development of Hindu and Jain figures, and that various communities were developing images of devotional figures simultaneously.

Mathura

Which of the following is true about Maya Civilization?

Maya city centers usually included dramatic stepped pyramid with temples at their top and royal palaces nearby

_______, who are responsible for representing the interests of the people are often shown on Benin plaques wearing tunics made of pangolin scales, because pangolins were considered the only animal invulnerable to the type of big cat associated with the king.

Town Chiefs

_________ replicates the natural phenomena of when we look of far away, details become less vivid and color become paler.

atmospheric perspective

This statue depicts a ______, an enlightened being who postpones their own salvation in order to help all sentient beings.

bodhisattva

One of Europeans on this plaque is holding a manila, which were _______

bracelet-shaped brass ingots

Which of the following type of objects/features have made the site of Yaxchilán famous?

carved stone lintels

The above image is the interior of a ________, an early rock cut Buddhist worship hall.

chaitya griha

A Buddhist practitioner does not enter a stupa, but instead _______ as a meditational practice focusing on the Buddha's teachings.

circumambulates it

The art at Yaxchilán, like most Maya cities is concerned with _______

dynastic history

This is the _____ mask of _______.

jade; King Pakal

This print depicts a ______ and was designed by ______

kabuki actor; Katsukawa Shunho

The Great Wave uses ________, both introduced to Japan from Europe.

linear perspective and Prussian Blue

The reading discuss three concepts that are central to the Maori world view. ______ is a spiritual power that comes to certain people and objects. _____ is the energy inside all things. _____ means sacred and sometimes involves certain restrictions.

mana, mauri, tapu

Often art historians use the word _______ to talk about the materials that a work of art is made of. ______ is used to describe the way that an artist uses those materials. Analysis of these two things can help art historians answer questions about such things as when, where, how, or by whom, a work was made.

medium; technique

Which of the following is the Oval Palace Tablet that depicts King Pakal and his mother?

no solid answer: Description - Circular with faint lines of a figure kneeling in front of a king with a purplish tint on the bottom and yellow at the top

On the lid of his sarcophagus, King Pakal is ________

positioned in an intermediary space, between the heavens and the Maya underworld

n Benin art, the king is depicted wearing a crown and tunic of ______, a material connected to the source of the kingdom's power, ______.

red coral; long-distance trade

A series of scenes carved on lintels that include the king and queen from Yaxchilán Structure 23 depict ______

ritual bloodletting

In Buddhism (and Hinduism), _______ is the term given to the endless cycle of rebirth and death, which is governed by ______ or causality.

samsara; karma

What do art historians call the common features of visual properties of works made by an individual artist or, more generally, by artists working in the same time and place? Since it varies by time and place, it can be used to determine where a work of art came from.

style

This relief is from the exterior of the middle archway of the Eastern Gate of the Great Stupa at Sanchi that depicts _________.

the Great Departure

What does a Buddha's right hand held up with palm out symbolize?

the giving of reassurance

Bronzes in southern Indian are created using ______, in which molten metal is poured into a hand-fashioned clay mold that is later broken apart to yield the final work of art.

the lost wax process

The three major themes of Edo period Japanese woodblock prints are:

1 - courtesans 2 - kabuki actors 3 - landscape scenes

European traders provided the Benin elite with which of the following products?

1 - cowries shells from the Indian Ocean 2 - coral from the Mediterranean 3 - copper and brass from Europe

Early Buddhist art and architecture did not make use of pre-Buddhist figures and symbolism.

False

Each woodblock print required the collaboration of which of the following experts?

1 - engraver 2 - designer 3 - publisher 4 - printer

Which of the following are conventional characteristics used to depict a Buddha?

1 - a halo around the head or body 2 - long ear lobes 3 - monk's robes 4 - a lump on the top of the head

Which of the following are ways in which art historians approach art?

1 - Art Historians look at art in relation to its historical context. 2 - Art historians look at the way artworks are made (materials and techniques). 3 - Art Historians look at art as a visual experience through describing its visual qualities (visual analysis).

Which of the following statements about Chola attitudes toward dance is true?

1 - Dance was connected to Shiva's cosmic power. 2 - Religious dance was connected to the triumphant dance of Chola warriors. 3 - Images of the 108 positions of sacred dance can still be found decorating temples in Tamil Nadu.

Which of the following is true about the Maori worldview?

1 - In the Maori worldview weather, birds, fish, trees, the sun, and the moon are related to each other, and to the people of the land. 2 - In the Maori story of creation, the world began when the earth mother and sky father came together to produce children, who then became the gods of some part of nature. 3 - The Maori see the world as made up of sets of polar opposites, such as light and dark.

Which of the following are often found on Benin plaques and associated with the power of the oba?

1 - Leopards 2 - Mudfish 3 - Portuguese

Which of the following statements about Chola sculpture is true?

1 - Processional images carried outside the temple allowed all worshipers the opportunity for darhsan as they made visual contact with the gods. 2 - Popular deities depicted by Chola sculptures include Shiva, his wife Pavarti, and their sons, Ganesha and Skanda 3 - Bronze sculptures were carried outside the temple during rituals ranging from routine daily processions to month-long annual festivals.

Which of the following depicts a Buddha?

1 - Stone statue centered sitting down with many other statues around him looking at him or making gestures 2 - Gold statue with a cape and a different color hair with lines around him

Which of the following sculptures is from Gandhara?

1 - Stone statue centered sitting down with many other statues around him looking at him or making gestures 2 - Ivory statue with him standing with a disc behind his head and his hand out in front of him with his palm up

Which of the following statements about the Chola dynasty is true?

1 - The Cholas are known for their large stone temples and bronze works. 2 - The Cholas ruled over most of Southern India, Sri Lanka, and the Maldive Islands. 3 - The Chola power base was in the modern region of Tamil Nadu.

Which of the following is true about the Pre-European Māori culture?

1 - The Māori came to New Zealand from other islands in Polynesia around 1300. 2 - Pre-European Māori culture was oral, and based on small autonomous sub-tribes living in valleys, harbors and other localities. 3 - Pre-European Māori culture was communal in nature and genealogical relationships were important.

Which of the following are common characteristics of Maya kings depicted in sculptures as well as other mediums?

1 - The kings often wear unwieldy oversized headdresses. 2 - Kings perform a set list of activities, such a ritual dancing or bloodletting. 3 - The king is depicted as youthful and athletic.

Which of the following is true about the two main branches of Buddhism?

1 - Theravada is the dominant form of Buddhism today in Sri Lanka as well as Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. 2 - Mahayana Buddhism introduced the possibility of universal salvation, offering assistance to practitioners in the form of compassionate beings called bodhisattvas. 3 - Mahayana Buddhism had its greatest impact in the East Asian nations of China, Korea, and Japan. 4 - Theravada recognizes the primacy and humanity of the historical Buddha who was an exemplary figure and enlightenment is available only to monks who explicitly pursue the path of Buddha himself.

Which of the following is true about Maori tattoos?

1 - They are unique in Polynesia because they use spiral motifs. 2 - They are unique in Polynesia because they originally used a technique that carved deep into the skin causing grooved scars

Which of the following is true about Maya ceramic vases?

1 - They were one of many smaller objects made by the finest Maya craftsman that were used in restricted elite spaces. 2 - Maya hieroglyphic writing was commonly painted around the rim of vases, to announce its owner and describe the contents inside. 3 - Scenes include historical figures such as the ruler and his family, mystical deities, and natural representations of flora and fauna.

Which of the following is true about the Edo period?

1 - While the samurai continued to be important patrons of the arts, the pleasure quarters and their sophisticated entertainments had an enormous impact on the culture of the Edo period. 2 - For the first time, artists were inspired by and responded to the interests and preferences of the general public. 3 - As a means of controlling public behavior, the Tokugawa government created walled districts where brothels, teahouses, and theaters were established.

Visual analysis typically does NOT discuss:

1 - iconography 2 - symbolism 3 - historical context

This Maya vase is painted in what is known as the ________ style, because it uses fine calligraphic lines similar to those used in Maya books.

Codex

_____, the act of seeing and being seen by the deity to attain grace, is one of the central aspects of Hindu worship.

Darshan

This sculpture depicts the goddess _____ slaying the Demon Buffalo Mahisha.

Durga

Hokusai's iconic print, The Great Wave displays the influence of ______ art, and proved to be inspirational for many artists working in ____ in the nineteenth century.

Dutch; Europe

The French painter _______ collected ukiyo-e prints and incorporated elements of their Japanese aesthetic, such as elongated pictorial formats, asymmetrical compositions, and spaces emptied of all but abstract elements of color and line, in his works such as the painting you see above.

Edgar Degas

This is the top of a pillar commissioned by ________. It is decorated with a lion and an inverted _________, one of the most pervasive symbols of Buddhism, because this flower blooms unblemished after rising from muddy water and is an analogy for the Buddhist practitioner who is able to achieve Enlightenment.

Emperor Ashoka; lotus

Benin brass plaques were regularly traded with Europeans, which is how they ended up in European and American collections.

False

______ is the name of the elephant-headed deity who is also known as the "Remover of Obstacles".

Ganesha

__________ sculptures have a style that is reminiscent of ______ sculpture, and artists in the region were certainly influenced by the presence of colonies, and the large-scale trade and exchange that occurred in this cultural crossroads.

Ganharan; Hellenistic

Japanese woodblock prints transformed ___________ art by demonstrating that simple, transitory, everyday subjects from "the floating world" could be presented in appealingly decorative ways.

Impressionist and Post-Impressionist

This is a Tibetan embroidery that depicts _______, the cosmic axis in Buddhism—that is, the link between heaven and earth.

Mount Sumeru

Hindu temples are built to resemble _______ because they connect the heavens and earth.

Mountains

Hand gestures, called _____ are used to express the mood and meaning of Hindu, Jain and Buddhist deities.

Mudras

This image depicts _______, the consort of Shiva and mother of the elephant-headed god Ganesha.

Pavarti

Who are the two small figures that appear on either side of the head of the oba?

Portuguese traders

The central figure on this ceramic vessel depicts a _______

Rain God

_____ are decorative elements on the roof of many Maya structures, seen above in the image of the Temple of the Sun.

Roof combs

In Buddhist art, the image of the historical Buddha is often labeled ______. This distinguishes the image of the historical Buddha, the Buddha who lived on earth during this present period, from past, future, or cosmic buddhas, bodhisattvas, or other divine beings.

Shakyamuni

This is a print depicting a kabuki actor by ________, who was known for not only for his ability to capture the essential qualities of kabuki characters, but also the personalities of the actors who were famous for performing them.

Sharaku

The Cholas built massive stone temples constructed as sacred palaces to house and honor ______ and his family

Shiva

Larger Maya stone sculptures served as the principal medium for presenting political and religious rhetoric to the public. Their most vital and imposing format was the _______, an upright flat slab of stone worked in relief on one, two, or four faces.

Stela

This is a print of two lovers walking in the snow by _________, who was the first to make polychrome (multi-colored) woodblock prints.

Suzuki Haranobu

At Palenque, the palace complex is located in the center of the city, flanked by the ________

Temple of Inscriptions and a ball court

Although Shiva was depicted in many divine roles, it was his form as Shiva Nataraja or ______, which became a symbol of Chola power.

The Lord of the Dance

____ originally was a burial mound that symbolized the Buddha and was the focus of worship in early Buddhism.

The stupa

The _______ (1840) brought intertribal conflict to an end and provided a constitutional basis for the established British law and government in New Zealand. Aspects of the treaty and the sovereignty of New Zealand remain debated today.

Treaty of Waitangi

The stance known as ____ is often used in Hindu sculpture where the body bends in three places; the head and the lower limbs are angled in the same direction while the torso moves in the opposite angle producing a sense of swaying movement.

Tribhanga

Bodhgaya is sacred in Buddhism because it is where the Buddha achieved enlightenment.

True

Bodhisattvas have reached the state of enlightenment, but choose to stay in this world and help others.

True

Each Chola bronze statue is unique, but the sacred importance of Shiva Nataraja required sculptors to follow guidelines from key religious and artistic texts

True

Hindu deities are often depicted with multiple arms and sometimes as part animals to highlight their powers.

True

The Great Wave or Under the Wave off Kanagawa is part of a series of prints titled Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji.

True

The historical context when a work of art is made often affects its subject matter.

True

To Māori, the rising of the sun, the journey it makes across the sky, and its setting in the west is a basic principle of the world

True

When the above stupa was built, the Buddha was not portrayed in human form.

True

_______ or genealogies and stories express the Māori need for kinship with the world describing the relationships between humans and the rest of nature.

Whakapapa

The nine levels of the Temple of the Inscriptions are associated with _______.

the nine levels of the Maya Underworld

Originally Benin brass plaques decorated ________

the palace of the oba

The Temple of the Inscriptions gets its name from the relief panels inside the temple that contain an unusually long inscription, but it is really_______.

the tomb of Pakal

What do the belts decorated with crocodile emblems worn by the two kneeling figures symbolize?

their right to trade with Europeans

Stupas are often placed on a square base, and the four sides represent the four directions, north, south, east and west. Each side often has a gate in the center called a _______, which represents the four great life events of the Buddha.

torana

The above diagram depicts a _______, an early Buddhist monastery.

vihara

Which of the following terms is used to describe when art historians using a set of existing terms and concepts, look at the visual features of a work and analyze their effects?

visual/formal analysis