ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNE FUNCTION Chapter 35 1010 Exam 7
Which of the following cell types are involved in humoral immunity?
B lymphocytes
Which of the following protective responses begin with the B lymphocytes?
Humoral
Natural Immunity- 3. Physical Barriers-bacteria and fungi
Intact skin Mucous membranes Cilia of the respiratory trace (Cilia and sneeze or cough allows to filter and clear pathogens from respiratory tract).
A nursing instructor is giving a lecture on the immune system. Which of the following cells will the instructor include in her discussion on phagocytosis?
Neutrophils and monocytes
Natural Immunity-
first line of defense (Natural resistance born with)
Inflammatory response is initiated in response to
tissue injury or invading organism
This type of T lymphocyte is responsible for altering the cell membrane and initiating cellular lysis. Choose the T lymphocyte.
Cytotoxic T cell
Which of the following is associated with impaired immunity in the aging patient?
Decreased renal function
Immune System: Gerontologic Considerations
Deterioration in immune system Decrease in natural killer cells and hum oral immunity Lymphocytes B & T Cells unable to recognize abnormal cells Decrease in Kupffers ( help liver to response to bacteria and toxins) Decrease kidney function Decrease pulmonary function Thinning skin Loss of adipose tissue Decrease sensation, and slowing of reflexes
Natural immune mechanism:
Immediate occurring stage- 4 hours after exposure Delayed stage -between 4- 96 hours after exposure
Response to Invasion
1 . Phagocytic Immune Response- WBC ( granulocytes and macrophages)first line of defense. Removes body's dying or dead cells 2. Humoral immune Response- B- lymphocytes transforms into plasma cells the manufacture antibodies 3. Cellular immune Response- binds to the antigen by T-killer Cells; circulate throughout the body looking for virusinfected Cell and cancer cells Retains memory of the antigen Stimulates the immune system Attacks the antigens
Two Types of Acquired
Active - defense developed by person's own body Passive- Temporary transmitted by outside source - from previous disease of IMMUNI ZATION
Natural Immunity- 4. Regulation of Immune Response: When the immune system fails to develop and clean antigens sufficiently, the host is considered to be immunocompromised. Leading to:
Allergies Asthma Auto-immune disease
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with:
Cancer Autoimmune disease Inflammatory disorders
Acquired Immunity
Develops after an exposure to a pathogen or vaccination. It generates a protective immune response It can take weeks or months after exposure to the disease or vaccine for the body to produce an immune response that is sufficient to defend against the disease on re-exposure.
The Immune System basic function is to remove foreign antigens such as:
Viruses and Bacteria Maintain homeostasis HOW?
Natural ImmunityBorn With
White Blood Cells Inflammatory Response Physical and Chemical Barriers Immune Regulation
Iron and immune system is linked to
homeostasis
Remember: Cellular response is the key to
initiation of the Immune response.
As a nursing instructor, you realize the importance of your students understanding how the immune system works and its role to protect and defend the body from potential harm. What type of cells are the primary targets of the healthy immune system? Select all that apply.
Cancerous cells Infectious cells Foreign cells
A client has dilated cardiomyopathy and has just found out he will be receiving a heart. What medication does the client understand that he will have to take for the duration of his life to help suppress the immune system to prevent rejection of the new heart?
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
What type of immunoglobulin does the nurse recognize that promotes the release of vasoa ctive chemicals such as histamine when a client is having an allergic reaction?
IgE
A patient has enlarged lymph nodes in his neck and a sore throat. This inflammatory response is an example of a cellular immune response whereby:
Lymphocytes migrate to areas of the lymph node
Natural Immunity- 3. Chemical Barriers- bacteria and fungi
Mucus Acidic gastric secretions Enzymes in tears and saliva, Sebaceous and Sweat gland
A 25-year-old man receives a knife wound to the leg in a hunting accident. Which of the following types of immunity was compromised?
Natural Immunity
Inflammatory Response
Neutrophils are the first to arrive at the site where inflammation occurs. Eosinophils and basophils increase in number during an allergic reaction or stress response Monocytes or phagocytes engulf, ingest and destroys Lymphocytes - B cells T cells
