ATI Pharmacology Exam

A nurse is planning care for a client who has a seizure disorder and a new prescription for valproic acid. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse plan to monitor? (Select all that apply) A. BUN B. PTT C. Aspartate aminotransferease (AST) D. Urinalysis E. Alanine aminotransferase

B, C, E Valproic Acid can alt coagulation, cause life-threatening hepatotoxicity and liver damage.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has multiple sclerosis and a new prescription for methylprednisolone. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (select all that apply) A. Blood glucose should be monitored during therapy. B. Avoid contact with people who have known infections. C. Take the medications 1 hr before breakfast D. Decrease dietary intake of foods containing potassium. E. Grapefruit juice can increase the effects of this medication

A,B, E Glucocorticoids increase serum glucose levels and can require management

A nurse is assessing a client who has a new prescription of chlorpromazine to treat schizophrenia. The client has a mask-like facial expression and is experiencing involuntary movements and tremors. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering? A. Amantadine B. Bupriopion C. Phenlzine D. Hydoxyzine

A. Client is experiencing parkinsonism, which is an adverse affect of chlorpromazine.

A nurse is providing teaching to a parent of a child who has asthma and a new prescription for cromolyn sodium metered dose inhaler. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates the need for further teaching? A. I will give my child a dose as soon as wheezing starts B. My child should rinse out his mouth after using the inhaler C. My child should exhale completely before placing the inhaler on his mouth D. If my child is having difficulty breathing in the dose, and then breathe in evenly while depressing the canister.

A. Cromolyn is mast cell inhibitor that has a slow onset and is given for prophylactic treatment of asthma Client should rinse or gargle with water after each use to prevent mouth and throat irritation

A nurse is providing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about metoclopramide. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following conditions is a contraindication to the medication? A. Hyperthyroidism B. Intestinal obstruction C. Glaucoma D. Low Blood pressure

A. Metoclopramide reduces nausea and vomiting by increasing gastric motility and promoting gastric emptying. It is contraindicated for a patient who has an intestional obstruction or perforation

A nurse is providing treatment to a newly licensed nurse about administering morphine via bolus to a client. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Respiratory depression can occur within 7 min after the morphine is administered. B. The morphine will peak in 10 mi. C. The nurse should withhold the morphine if the client has a respiratory rate of less than 12/min D. Administer the morphine over 2 minutes.

A. Nurse should monitor client's respirations and have naloxone available to reverse the effects of morphine. IV morphine peaks in 20 min Withhold morphine if the client has a respiratory rate of less than 16/min Morphine via bolus should be administered slowly over 4 to 5 minutes to prevent hypotension and respiratory depression

A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for tamoxifen. The nurse should recognize that tamoxifen has which of the following therapeutic effects? A. Antiestrogenic B. Antimicrobial C. Androgenic D. Anti-inflammatory

A. Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen medication used to treat breast cancer in the breast of both pre- and postmenopausal women.

A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client who is receiving continuous IV heparin infusion and has an aPTT of 90 seconds. Which of the following actions should the nurse prepare to take? A. Administer Vitamin K B. Reduce the infusion rate C. Give the client low-dose aspirin D. Request an INR

B. aPTT of 90 seconds is outside of the expected reference ranges of 60 to 80 seconds, which can cause anticoagulation. The nurse should contact the provider, reduce the infusion rate, and assess the client for breathing.

A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about contraindications to ceftriaxone. The nurse should include a severe allergy to which of the following medications as a contraindication. A. Gentamicin B. Clindamycin C. Piperacillin D. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim

B. Clients who have an allergy to piperacillin, which is a penicillin, can have cross sensitivity to cefriaxone, a 3rd generation cephalosporin. It is contraindicated in clients with allergies to celphalosporins or a severe allergy to penicillin.

A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving IV gentamicin three times daily. Which of the following findings indicated that the client is experiencing an adverse effect of this mediction? A. Hypoglycemia B. Proteinuria C. Nasal Congestion D. Visual disturbances

B. Proteinuria is a manifestation of nephrotoxicity, an adverse effect of gentamicin. Nuse should monitor for oliguria and hematuria.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for ergotamine. The nurse should recognize that ergotamine is administered to treat which of the following conditions? A. Raynaud's phenomenon B. Migraine headaches C. Ulcerative Colitis D. Anemia

B. Ergotamine prevents or stops a migrane headache by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors in the cranial peripheral smooth muscle, which causes vasoconstricition of dilated cerebral blood vessels

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has a prescription for filgrastim. The nurse should recognize that an increase in which of the following values indicates a therapeutic effect of this medication? A. Erythocyte count. B. Neutrophil count. C. Lymphocyte count. D. Thrombocyte count

B. Filgrastim increases neutrophil production. it is given to treat neutropenia and reduce the risk of infection for client who are receiving chemotherapy for cancer or have undergone bone marrow transplant.

What characteristic identifies the reason that methadone is useful in the treatment of opioid addiction? A. It is a non-addictive medication B. Has an effect of longer duration C. Does not produce a cumulative effect D. Carries little risk of psychological dependence

B. Methadone's duration of effect is 12 to 24 hours, compared to other opioids which have a 3 to 6 hour duration

Which possible complication requires frequent blood tests when a client diagnosed with psychosis is taking clozapine? A. Anemia B. Hemophilia C. Agranulocytosis D. Thrombocytopenia

C. Although the complication is rare, clients taking clozapine are at an increased risk of agranulocytosis, a marked decrease in granulated white blood cells.

The primary health care provider is concerned that a client receiving haloperidol may be developing neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse monitor for in this client when assessing this syndrome. A. Jaundice and malaise B. Tremors and seizures C. Diaphoresis and hyperpyrexia D. Dry skin and hyperbilirubinemia

C. Diaphoresis and hyperpyrexia are classic signs of neuroleptic malignant syndrome which is caused by neuroleptic-induced blockage of dopamine receptors.

A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about caring for a patient who has a prescription for gemfibrozil. The nurse should instruct that newly licensed nurse to monitor which of the following laboratory tests. A. Platelet count B. Electrolyte levels C. Liver function D. Thyroid function

C. Gemfibrozil reduces triglycerides by decreasing the liver's uptake of fatty acids. It can can cause liver toxicity; therefore, the nurse should monitor the client's liver function. Gemfibrozil can decrease WBCs, but does not alter platelet count

A nurse is caring for a client who is at 28 weeks gestation and is experiencing preterm labor. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer. A. Oxytocin B. Nifedipine C. Dinoprostone D. Misoprostol

C. Nifedipine is a tocolytic medication that is administered to stop preterm labor. Oxytocin is used to stimulate uterine contractions Dinoprostone is an oxytocic medication used to stimulate uterine contractions for clients who are at term and to control postpartum hemorrhage. It is contraindicated for clients who are experiencing preterm labor. Misoprostol is a prostaglandin used to promote the ripening of the cervix and induce labor. It is contraindicated for clients who are experiencing preterm labor.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for chlororthiazide to treat hypertension. The nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? A. Thrombophlebitis B. Hyperactive reflexes C. Muscle weakness D. Hypoglycemia

C. The client should exhale completely, and then breathe in while depressing the canister.

A client is admitted for treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder that is interfering with ADLs. Which medication is indicated for this condition A. Benztropine B. Amantadine C. Clomipramine D. Diphenhydramine

C. Clomipramine potentiates the effects of serotonin (anti obsessional effect) and norepinephrine in the central nervous system; it diminishes obsessive compulsive behaviors Benztropine and Amantadine are antiparkinsonian agents

A nurse is providing treatment to a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg PO daily to treat hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Take hydrochlorathiazide as needed for edema B. Check your weight once each week. C. Take the hydrochlorothiazide on an empty stomach. D. Take the hydrochlorothiazide in the morning.

D.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching about handling medication to a client who is to continue taking oral transmucosal fentanyl raspberry-flavored lozenges on a stick. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Chew on the medication stick to release the medication. B. Leave the medication stick in one location of the mouth until melted. C. Allow the medication 1 hour for analgesia effects to begin within 10 to 15 min D. Store unused medication sticks in a storage container

D. Should instruct patient to store unused sticks in the safe storage container that comes in the kit when the medication is prescribed.