ATTR 210 - Exam 1 Review
The two most important characteristics that determine the quality of cotton athletic tape
# of fibers and adhesive mass
What two bones form the 2nd metatarsophalangeal joint in the foot?
2nd metatarsal and 2nd proximal phalange
If the patient actively positions a joint in the test position for a manual muscle test against gravity, what is the minimum score the patient will earn on the MMT?
3
What is the desired spacing between the top of the crutches and the axilla (armpit) when fitting the athlete for crutches?
3 finger widths
A manual muscle test should be held for
5 seconds
Manual Muscle Testing grading scale
A manual muscle test is graded 0 through 5 0 means there is NO muscle contractility 1 is slight contractility with NO movement 2 is complete ROM with NO gravity 3 is complete ROM with NO resistance 4 is complete ROM with SOME resistance 5 means there is complete ROM with FULL resistance
How to apply an elastic bandage correctly
Apply pressure uniformly and firmly, but not too tightly
Where is the dorsal pedal pulse palpated?
Between extensor hallucis longus tendon and extensor digitorum longus tendon
The talar tilt-inversion test assesses what ligament?
Calcaneofibular ligament
As a precaution, what should an AT check before and after application of an elastic bandage to an extremity?
Circulation and sensation
What you are feeling for during the palpation portion of an evaluation
Crepitus, deformity, increased muscle tone, pain, increased temperature, swelling
In what direction does the clinician apply pressure during the manual muscle test for gastrocnemius?
Dorsiflexion
The main action of the lateral compartment muscles
Eversion
In what direction does the clinician apply pressure during the manual muscle test for extensor hallucis longus?
Flexion
Difference and similarities between HOPS evaluation and SOAP evaluation
HOPS helps a clinician remember to perform essential parts of the evaluation SOAP incorporates HOPS into the subjective and objective portion The SOAP format leads the clinician to form a diagnosis and to make a treatment plan for the patient
The most inferior aspect of the fibula
Lateral malleolus
components of secondary survey
Life-threatening condition ruled out Gather specific information about injury Assess vital signs and perform more detailed evaluation of conditions that do not pose life-threatening consequences
types of special tests
Manual Muscle Testing Range of Motion Assessment Orthopedic Special Tests
purpose of off-the-field evaluation
May be the evaluation of an acute injury or one several days later following acute injury HOPS
An interdigital neuroma between the third and fourth metatarsals
Morton's neuroma
Types of history questions
Pain rating Pain description Pain location Pain pattern Mechanism of injury Previous history Hear any snap/crackle/pops? Activities of daily living
When performing the anterior drawer test, what would indicate a positive test?
Pain, laxity
crutch/cane fitting
Patient should stand with good posture, in flat soled shoes Crutches should be placed 6" from outer margin of shoe and 2" in front Crutch base should fall 1" below anterior fold of axilla Hand brace should be positioned to place elbow at 30 degrees of flexion Cane measurement should be taken from height of greater trochanter
components of primary survey
Performed initially to establish presence of life-threatening conditions: Airway, breathing, circulation, shock and severe bleeding
What is the soleil line?
Point of proximal attachment of the soleus
Components of the on-the-field assessment
Primary and secondary survey ABCs and vital sign assessment
The athletic trainer must make what decisions after the on-field assessment?
Seriousness of the injury and type of first aid necessary Need for immediate referral to a physician for further care Manner of transportation from the injury site
When instructing an athlete to use one crutch for a partial weight-bearing gait, how should you determine which side of the body the crutch should be on?
The crutch is placed on the uninjured side when using one crutch.
Why would you palpate the medial calcaneal tubercle?
To determine if the plantar fascia is inflamed
A tripod gait when using crutches can be either non-weight bearing or partial weight bearing. (T/F)
True
Examples of open-ended questions you would ask the patient to determine the mechanism of injury
What happened? How did this happen? Can you describe how this happened?
pes cavus
an abnormally high arch
In which of the following lower leg compartments is the extensor hallucis longus located?
anterior
Ligaments that provide lateral stability to the talocrural joint
anterior talofibular ligament calcaneofibular ligament posterior talofibular ligament
Part of the deltoid ligament
anterior tibiotalar ligament tibionavicular ligament posterior tibiotalar ligament tibiocalcaneal ligament
The anterior talofibular ligament controls
anterior translation of the talus
purpose of on-the-field evaluation
assess the extent and seriousness of injury
possible indications of a fracture
athlete reports hearing and feeling a pop noticeable deformity loss of function of injured body segment
How can we determine if a patient has normal range of motion at a particular joint?
compare to the contralateral (opposite) side
Which of the following ligaments is not typically injured with an inversion ankle sprain?
deltoid ligament
Chondromalacia
deterioration of the cartilage under the patella
Ecchymosis
discoloration
Which two muscles are located in the anterior compartment and attach proximally to the interosseus membrane?
extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus
What position should the toes be in to test the flexor digitorum longus muscle?
flexion
Edema
generalized tissue swelling
The appropriate anatomical landmark to use when fitting a patient with a cane
greater trochanter
When performing a manual muscle test, the clinician should instruct the patient to ___
hold the position
the supportive elements of the closed basketweave ankle taping
horseshoes? stirrups? heel locks figure 8's
positive sign for the percussion test
increased pain at the site of the chief complaint
Synovitis
inflammation of the joint capsule
Fracture
injury to a bone
Sprain
injury to a ligament
Strain
injury to a muscle
The most common mechanism of ankle injury
inversion
The anterior compartment is located ___ to the tibial crest.
lateral
The correct patient position for the posterior tibialis manual muscle test
lying on the same side as the muscle being tested
What is the proximal attachment of the gastrocnemius muscle?
medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur
The articulations of the metatarsals and phalanges are known as the
metatarsophalangeal joints
Chronic
ongoing without trauma
Subluxation
partial dislocation
Which of the following types of Range of Motion (ROM) requires the examiner to move the joint for the patient?
passive ROM
Which bony landmarks are located on the calcaneus?
peroneal tubercle, dome, medial tubercle, sustentaculum tali
Which of the following muscles attaches distally to the base of the fifth metatarsal?
peroneus brevis peroneus tertius
Which of the following muscles attaches proximally on the head of the fibula?
peroneus longus
Which muscles attaches distally to the base of the first metatarsal?
peroneus longus tibialis anterior
A highly specialized band of tissue on the plantar surface of the foot that provides support for the medial longitudinal arch
plantar fascia
deep posterior compartment of lower leg
posterior tibialis flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus
Erythema
redness
The purpose of heel and lace pads is to
reduce friction from tape over superficial tendons
purpose of the great toe taping
restrict first toe hyperextension
Ligamentous stress tests are designed to assess which type of injury?
sprain
true inversion and eversion occur at what joint
subtalar joint
Effusion
swelling in a joint
The talocrural joint is comprised of which bones?
talus, fibula, tibia
muscles that assist with inversion of the ankle
tibialis anterior flexor hallucis longus
Acute
traumatic or recent