Automated procedures
What degree is the forward-angle light scatter?
0 degrees
What is the reference range of Indirect RBC calculations?
11.5 to 14.5 %
Granulocytes measure between what?
160-450 fL
What is teh normal ratio of CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells?
2:1
lymphocytes measure between what?
35-90 fL
What is hemoglobin measured at?
540 nm
What is the reference range of MPV?
7.8 to 11.0 fL
What is the degree is the orthogonal light scatter?
90 degrees
Monomuclear cells measure between what?
90-160 fL
Screening for blood parasites uses what stain?
Acridine orange
A normal histogram looks like what?
Almost symmetric, with bell curve shape with a single peak
Mononuclear cell count may also include what in it?
Blasts and other immature cells
What does icterus do?
Causes falsely elevate Hgb and MCH.
What does lipemia do?
Causes turbidity and causes falsely elevated Hgb and MCH
What is the principle of Optical light scatter?
Cell counting and differentiation by the detection measurement of interference in a laser beam caused when a cell passes through.
What is the Electrical Impedance principle?
Cell counting based on the detection and measurement of the changes in electrical resistance produced when cells pass through a small aperture a small aperture.
What is the principle of Radio Frequency principle?
Cell density measurement determined by the changes in electrical resistance produced when cells pass through a small aperture.
What does RF pulse measure?
Cell interior density
What does forward-angle light scatter measure?
Cell volume/size
What is the methodology of Optical light scatter?
Cells flow in a single stream through a sensing zonde and interrup a beam of light scattering in all directions.
What is the methodology of Electrical impedance principle?
Cells suspended in an electrically conductive diluent are pulled through an aperture in a glass tube within a counting chamber.
What does the orthogonal light scatter measure?
Cellular complexity
What are the sample limitations?
Cold agglutinins, lipemia, and icterus
Malarial RBCs contain what and will fluoresce?
DNA
As AIDS progress the percentage of CED4+ cells does what?
Decreases
Mature erythrocyes contain no DNA so it_______ fluoresce?
Does not
What is Cold agglutinins causes by?
Drop in temp
What are the principles of automated cell counting include?
Electrical impedence, Radiofrequency , and Optical light scatter
What is RBC bath used for?
For RBC and Platelet count
Measure T-cell subset in _____ patients?
HIV
What does electrical impedance indirectly measures?
Hct, MCH, MCHC, and RDW
How do you calculate Hematocrit?
Hct= RBC count x MCV ÷ 10
What quantities are indirectly measured?
Hematocrit, MCH, MCHC, MPV, RDW
As AIDS progresses the percentage of CD8+ cells does what?
Increases
Reference range of platelet distribution width?
Less than 20 %
What does the Flow cytometry indirectly measure?
MCH, MCHC, and RDW
A non-unimodal curve does what?
May reveal the presence of an underlying disease or condition, examples include cold agglutinin disease, erythrocyte fragments and recent transfusion.
What does RF pulse size can determine what?
N:C ratio, nuclear density, and cellular granulation
What are the two counting chambers in coulter cell counter?
RBC bath and WBC bath
What do the basic automated hematology analyzers measure?
RBC, WBC, PLT, Hgb, and MCV
What are the benefits of automated counting systems?
Reduced lab costs, improved turnaround time, and improved accuracy and precision because many more cells are counted.
A shift to the right on a histogram means what?
Size of a patients red cells are mactorcytic , examples of Folate deficiency, and liver disease
A shift to the left on a histogram means what?
Size of a patients red cells are microcytic, examples of non deficiency anemia.
What do the number of pulses mean?
The number of cells
What is lipemia?
The presence of an excess of fats in the blood
Reticulocye counting uses what blood celll stains?
Thioflavin and pyronin
What are the results reported through in the Electrical impedance principle?
Through histograms
What is the methedology of using Radio Frequency?
Used simultaneously with Electrical impedance, RF resistance uses an electromagnetic current to measure conductivity of the cell.
What do the size of the pulses mean?
Volume of the cell
What is WBC bath used for?
WBC and Hemoglobin determination.
What do new analyzers include measuring what?
WBC differential , and reticulocyte analysis
What does Cold agglutinins?
Will falsely decrease the total RC count, and increase MCH
What is Icterus?
Yellowish pigmentation of the body fluids caused by jaundice
