Axial Skeleton
Correctly identify the regions of the vertebral column on the image.
A - cervical B - thoracic C - lumbar D - sacral E - coccyx
Match the structural feature of the typical rib to its correct location on the figure.
A - head B - neck C - tubercle D - costal groove E - shaft
Match the component of the axial skeleton to its correct position on the figure.
A - skull B - thoracic cage C - vertebral column
The anterior, weight bearing part of each vertebra is known as the ______.
body
Match the name of the structures of the sacrum to the proper location on the figure.
A - ala B- promontory C - anterior sacral foramina
The intervertebral discs are composed of ______.
an anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus
The two subdivisions of the skeleton are the axial and ___ skeletons
appendicular
Which are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?
appendicular skeleton, axial skeleton
The main function of the coccyx is to act as a(n) ______.
attachment site for muscles and ligaments
Which feature of the sacrum marks the site of articulation with the os coxae of the pelvic girdle to form the sacroiliac joint?
auricular surface
The thick spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae provide extensive surface area for the attachment of ______.
back muscles
The sternum is also referred to as the ______.
breastbone
A person experiencing pain in their neck and upper limb, along with muscle weakness in the upper limb, may have a herniated disc in the ______ region of the vertebral column.
cervical
The most superior portion of the vertebral column is made of ______ vertebrae.
cervical
The vertebrae that have small bodies, short bifid spinous processes, and transverse foramina within their transverse processes are called ______.
cervical
The vertebral canal contains the spinal ___ whereas the intervertebral foramina allow for passage of the spinal nerves.
cord
The axis (C2) contains a prominent process called the Blank______, which acts as a pivot for the rotation of both the atlas and skull.
dens
The coccyx projects more inferiorly in ______.
female
The last two pairs of false ribs lack connections with the sternum, so they are classified as ______.
floating ribs
Which are functions of the axial skeleton?
forming a framework to support and protect the organs, contains hemopoietic tissue
Which part of the rib articulates with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae?
head
The sacral canal terminates in an inferior opening called the sacral ___ which represents an area where the laminae of the last sacral vertebra failed to fuse
hiatus
The pads of fibrocartilage separating adjacent vertebral bodies are called the
intervertebral discs
An exaggerated thoracic curvature directed posteriorly that often results from osteoporosis is known as a "hunchback" or ______.
kyphosis
An exaggerated lumbar curvature often caused by the added abdominal weight associated with pregnancy is known as "swayback" or ______.
lordosis
A person experiencing pain in their lower back and down their entire lower limb may have a herniated disc in the ______ region of the vertebral column.
lumbar
Which type of vertebrae have thick, oval shaped bodies, and short, thick, and blunt spinous processes?
lumbar
The costal facets or costal demifacets present on the thoracic vertebrae represent sites of articulation with ______.
ribs
Which type of vertebrae start to fuse together shortly after puberty and are completely fused between ages 20 and 30?
sacral
Axial and appendicular are two divisions of the ______.
skeleton
Which skeletal regions are part of the axial skeleton?
skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column
Which structural feature is absent in the first cervical vertebra, the atlas?
spinous processes
Which structure of the vertebra is able to be palpated through the skin of the back?
spinous processes
The ______ bone of most of the axial skeleton contain hematopoietic tissue.
spongy
Which component of the thoracic cage consists of a manubrium, body, and xiphoid process?
sternum
The thoracic cage consists of the ______.
sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae
Axial and appendicular are two main divisions of ______.
the skeleton
Which vertebrae have long, pointed spinous processes and costal facets or costal demifacets representing sites of articulation with the ribs?
thoracic
Which part of the axial skeleton acts as a protective framework around the vital organs of the thorax and provides attachment points for many muscles?
thoracic cage
What are the lateral projections on both sides of the vertebral arch?
transverse processes
Which characteristic feature of sacral vertebrae represents the remnants of the horizontal lines of fusion between the five vertebrae?
transverse ridges
The most superior ribs are called the ______ ribs.
true
True or false: The axial skeleton forms a framework to support and protect the internal organs.
true
What passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae?
vertebral arteries
Which part of the axial skeleton provides vertical support for the body while housing and protecting the spinal cord?
vertebral column
The spinal cord is protected by the ______.
vertebral columns
