Axial Skeleton

Correctly identify the regions of the vertebral column on the image.

A - cervical B - thoracic C - lumbar D - sacral E - coccyx

Match the structural feature of the typical rib to its correct location on the figure.

A - head B - neck C - tubercle D - costal groove E - shaft

Match the component of the axial skeleton to its correct position on the figure.

A - skull B - thoracic cage C - vertebral column

The anterior, weight bearing part of each vertebra is known as the ______.

body

Match the name of the structures of the sacrum to the proper location on the figure.

A - ala B- promontory C - anterior sacral foramina

The intervertebral discs are composed of ______.

an anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

The two subdivisions of the skeleton are the axial and ___ skeletons

appendicular

Which are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?

appendicular skeleton, axial skeleton

The main function of the coccyx is to act as a(n) ______.

attachment site for muscles and ligaments

Which feature of the sacrum marks the site of articulation with the os coxae of the pelvic girdle to form the sacroiliac joint?

auricular surface

The thick spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae provide extensive surface area for the attachment of ______.

back muscles

The sternum is also referred to as the ______.

breastbone

A person experiencing pain in their neck and upper limb, along with muscle weakness in the upper limb, may have a herniated disc in the ______ region of the vertebral column.

cervical

The most superior portion of the vertebral column is made of ______ vertebrae.

cervical

The vertebrae that have small bodies, short bifid spinous processes, and transverse foramina within their transverse processes are called ______.

cervical

The vertebral canal contains the spinal ___ whereas the intervertebral foramina allow for passage of the spinal nerves.

cord

The axis (C2) contains a prominent process called the Blank______, which acts as a pivot for the rotation of both the atlas and skull.

dens

The coccyx projects more inferiorly in ______.

female

The last two pairs of false ribs lack connections with the sternum, so they are classified as ______.

floating ribs

Which are functions of the axial skeleton?

forming a framework to support and protect the organs, contains hemopoietic tissue

Which part of the rib articulates with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae?

head

The sacral canal terminates in an inferior opening called the sacral ___ which represents an area where the laminae of the last sacral vertebra failed to fuse

hiatus

The pads of fibrocartilage separating adjacent vertebral bodies are called the

intervertebral discs

An exaggerated thoracic curvature directed posteriorly that often results from osteoporosis is known as a "hunchback" or ______.

kyphosis

An exaggerated lumbar curvature often caused by the added abdominal weight associated with pregnancy is known as "swayback" or ______.

lordosis

A person experiencing pain in their lower back and down their entire lower limb may have a herniated disc in the ______ region of the vertebral column.

lumbar

Which type of vertebrae have thick, oval shaped bodies, and short, thick, and blunt spinous processes?

lumbar

The costal facets or costal demifacets present on the thoracic vertebrae represent sites of articulation with ______.

ribs

Which type of vertebrae start to fuse together shortly after puberty and are completely fused between ages 20 and 30?

sacral

Axial and appendicular are two divisions of the ______.

skeleton

Which skeletal regions are part of the axial skeleton?

skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column

Which structural feature is absent in the first cervical vertebra, the atlas?

spinous processes

Which structure of the vertebra is able to be palpated through the skin of the back?

spinous processes

The ______ bone of most of the axial skeleton contain hematopoietic tissue.

spongy

Which component of the thoracic cage consists of a manubrium, body, and xiphoid process?

sternum

The thoracic cage consists of the ______.

sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae

Axial and appendicular are two main divisions of ______.

the skeleton

Which vertebrae have long, pointed spinous processes and costal facets or costal demifacets representing sites of articulation with the ribs?

thoracic

Which part of the axial skeleton acts as a protective framework around the vital organs of the thorax and provides attachment points for many muscles?

thoracic cage

What are the lateral projections on both sides of the vertebral arch?

transverse processes

Which characteristic feature of sacral vertebrae represents the remnants of the horizontal lines of fusion between the five vertebrae?

transverse ridges

The most superior ribs are called the ______ ribs.

true

True or false: The axial skeleton forms a framework to support and protect the internal organs.

true

What passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae?

vertebral arteries

Which part of the axial skeleton provides vertical support for the body while housing and protecting the spinal cord?

vertebral column

The spinal cord is protected by the ______.

vertebral columns