Basal ganglia
Only 1 limb of the internal capsule seen what is the cross section?
coronal
What are the caudate, putamen and globus pallidus also known as?
corpus striatum.
What kind of outcomes can occur with damage to the basal ganglia?
depending on where the damage is, could have akinesia cannot move (frozen) can't turn on motor cortex, or hyperkinetic cannot stop the movement from occurring (spontaneous movement like choreiform/Huntington's disorders) ballismus movement begins and doesn't stop until muscle fatigues
In a coronal section you won't see the thalamus unless you also see
globus pallidus
Inferior half of basal ganglia
globus pallidus
What kind of movements are regulated by the basal ganglia?
handwriting, walking, facial expression, a lay-up in basketball, and a double-front flip with a full twist off of the high dive into a swimming pool. It is the initiation and cessation of movements that are dramatically impaired by disrupting the basal ganglia.
What does the basal ganglia have that allows it to function?
has reverberating loop (cycle complete circuit) that takes the concept and organizes the movements into start and stop
Tissue between the limbs of the internal capsule is the lentiform nucleus looks like a lens, made up by
putamen (largest, most lateral) medial is globus pallidus
In coronal: see putamen and caudate w/o pallidus
anterior half of basal ganglia, see pallidus in posterior half
Superior basal ganglion
caudate and putamen
What are the nuclei of the basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus.
What sequences the movements?
Basal ganglia
what forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle?
Caudate nucleus
What does the basal ganglia do?
Group of nuclei that links the idea of movement and the motor expression, they "consult the cerebral cortex"
Subthalamic nucleus:
Has its own blood supply Lesion is unique
Substantia nigra:
In tegmentum (bottom midbrain) Makes dopamine
What is the first thing to look for in a cross section?
Internal capsule see anterior limb, genu and posterior limb, only way to see all 3 = horizontal section
What is the globus pallidus also known as?
Paleostriatum Paleo does its own
When is the precentral gyrus activated?
Precentral gyrus is activate almost same time movement is occurring (triggers the movement) premotor is a little before that (thinking about the movement) basal gangia is prior to a movement too because it tells the cortex to turn on/off
When does the basal ganglia become active?
Prior to a movement
Just putamen without the GPL or GPM would indicate what area?
Putamen
What is lateral to the ALIC?
Putamen
How does the basal ganglia work?
Sends info back to cortex then cortex pulls trigger to make movement via CBST Cortex output to basal ganglia then basal ganglia to cortex then cortex to CBST -> lower motor neuron
What are the other nuclei closely associated with the basal ganglia, but not a part of it?
Substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus
Globus pallidus is broken up into
lateral and a medial, GPL and GPM, functionally DIFFERENT!
The putamen and the globus pallidus form the
lentiform nucleus Lentiform nucleus = anatomical term (not functional term) where putamen and globus pallidus are group together these 2 nuclei in cross section look like a lens, NOT A FUNCTIONAL TERM JUST ANATOMIC
What would a quick and dirty description of the basal ganglia be?
motor planning of the movement
The caudate nucleus and the putamen are called
neostriatum neostriatum work together (the 2 nuclei)