bio 101 quiz

Approximately how old is life on Earth? 360 million years old 3.6 billion years old 36 million years old 36 billion years old

3.6 billion years old

To which group are organisms in kingdom Fungi most closely related? Plantae Protista Bacteria Animalia

Animalia

Why aren't antibiotics used against the common cold? Colds are caused by viruses and have never been affected by antibiotics. Antibiotics are only active against infection in the blood but not the respiratory tract. Cold viruses have already evolved resistance to antibiotics. They're only effective if you take them within the first few hours of the infection.

Colds are caused by viruses and have never been affected by antibiotics.

DNA is found in every cell of an organism. What subset of DNA changes would be most useful to molecular biologists to determine evolutionary relationships? DNA changes in genes that occur in body cells and cannot be passed to offspring DNA changes that occur in genes specific to organisms in one kingdom DNA changes in genes that do not generally code for any function DNA changes in genes that are shared by a common ancestor

DNA changes in genes that are shared by a common ancestor

Is it possible to prevent bacteria from becoming resistant to antibiotics? No: Bacteria need to become resistant to anything that will kill them. Yes: If we stop using antibiotics, the trait will disappear. No: However, by using antibiotics properly, we can slow the rate at which resistance appears. Yes: If we give antibiotics properly, resistance will go away and not evolve again.

No: However, by using antibiotics properly, we can slow the rate at which resistance appears.

How are prokaryotes different from eukaryotes? Prokaryotes are unicellular, while eukaryotes are multicellular. Prokaryotes have no nucleus separating the DNA from the rest of the cell. Prokaryotes cause disease, but eukaryotes don't. Prokaryotes have no DNA.

Prokaryotes have no nucleus separating the DNA from the rest of the cell.

Algae are classified as part of which group? Plantae Fungi Archaea Protista

Protista

Which event is the most direct (or first) result of natural selection on a population? The frequency of some alleles changes in the population. Members of the population start reproducing more rapidly. New alleles are created when confronted with a new environment. Proteins lose some functions

The frequency of some alleles changes in the population.

You notice that some squirrels in your neighborhood have a much darker coat color than most of the other squirrels. Is this darker color an adaptation? The trait is only an adaptation if it gives the squirrels an advantage in their habitat. Yes, all variations are adaptations. No, adaptations are traits developed when they're needed to help an organism survive. You can't know unless you can know the coat color of the dark squirrel's parents.

The trait is only an adaptation if it gives the squirrels an advantage in their habitat.

After a rapid change in climate, one population of bird quickly adapts to the change, but others in the area do not. What could you conclude about the quickly adapting population? They already had some alleles in their genome that were adaptive in the new environment. They had a greater need to evolve than the other population. They reproduced more slowly than the non-adapting population. They had a higher rate of mutation than the other population.

They already had some alleles in their genome that were adaptive in the new environment.

In what way is a member of domain Archaea similar to a member of domain Bacteria? They both have DNA enclosed in a nucleus. They both live in extreme environments. They are both photosynthetic. They are both prokaryotic cells.

They are both prokaryotic cells.

As natural selection acts on a trait in a population, how will the amount of variation associated with that trait in the population change? Variation will increase. Variation will disappear altogether. Variation will remain the same. Variation will decrease.

Variation will decrease.

Which statement describes viruses? Viruses are living cells that can invade other organisms. Viruses use host cells to make more viruses. Viruses will die unless they are inside an organism. Viruses use energy to perform life functions.

Viruses use host cells to make more viruses.

Your friend was diagnosed with strep throat 2 months ago. She was treated with antibiotics for 10 days, but two weeks after treatment, the symptoms returned. She was given a different antibiotic and her symptoms improved again, initially, but then got worse. What is happening? Your friend was originally infected with some bacteria that were resistant to these two antibiotics and the bacteria multiplied Your friend probably doesn't have a bacterial infection. There must be some other reason for her symptoms. Your friend has taken antibiotics so long that she has become tolerant to them, making them ineffective. Exposure to antibiotics has caused each individual bacterial cell to evolve resistance to the antibiotics.

Your friend was originally infected with some bacteria that were resistant to these two antibiotics and the bacteria multiplied

What is a virus? a non-living particle an organism in domain Bacteria an organism in kingdom Protista an organism in domain Archaea

a non-living particle

What causes the disease tuberculosis? genetics a particular type of bacteria a particular type of virus exposure to polluted air

a particular type of bacteria

What is evolution? a process that occurs as a result of differences in reproductive fitness a process that occurred only in the past a process that is constantly occurring at the same rate in all organisms a rare event

a process that occurs as a result of differences in reproductive fitness

According to the most current classifications, which group is the most different from all the others? fungi archaea bacteria animals

bacteria

What free-living organisms developed into both mitochondria and chloroplasts? plants protists bacteria animals

bacteria

How do fungi obtain nutrients? by engulfing bacteria directly by secreting chemicals that break down food and then absorbing it by secreting antibiotics and then absorbing killed bacteria through photosynthesis

by secreting chemicals that break down food and then absorbing it

How is tuberculosis transmitted? by sexual contact by infected blood products by sneezes by contaminated food

by sneezes

What type of selection would include the evolution of a long neck in giraffes? directional selection stabilizing selection diversifying selection disruptive selection

directional selection

Which scientist specializes in categorizing and describing groups of organisms? entomologist botanist systematist herpetologist

systematist

In order to construct an evolutionary classification of modern-day aquatic vertebrates, what is the best source of information? the distribution of scales the DNA sequence the structure of organs the position of appendages

the DNA sequence

What does the main trunk at the far left of the "tree of life" represent? the most successful members of the lineage the earliest common ancestor of all the organisms in the tree all extinct members of the lineage the organisms for which most fossils have been discovered

the earliest common ancestor of all the organisms in the tree

What is the primary body part affected by tuberculosis? the liver the muscles the lungs the immune system

the lungs