Bio 105: Chapter 3
Eukaryotic cell traits
*has nucleus with DNA enclosed inside *includes plants, animals, protists, fungi *have organelles *can be unicellular(protist/fungi) or multicellular * large, more complex
What organelles are only found in plant cells?
- chloroplast - cell wall - central vacuole
what are the features of passive transport
- diffusion - osmosis - does not require energy - high to low concentration
what are the 3 types of passive transport
- diffusion - osmosis - facilitated diffusion
what organelles does eukaryotic cells possess?
- plasma membrane - mitochondria - nucleus
what are the features of active transport
- requires energy - move against concentration gradient from high to low concentration
what is the role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
- storage for DNA - direct activities of other cells
what are the stages of protein production
1. transcription: production of RNA and DNA 2. translation: at the ribosomes result in the production of proteins
prokaryotic cell traits
*always unicellular *bacteria ONLY! eubacteria & archaebacteria *no organelles(except ribosomes) *no nucleus with free-floating circular DNA * Simple cell * small
what is an organelle?
A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
why is a cell membrane selectively permeable
it lets certain substances pass through while restricting the passage of others.
What organelles are only found in animal cells?
lysosomes
define diffusion
movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
what is the large dense structure found inside of all eukaryotic cells
nucleus
what is the functions of the plasma membrane
regulation, cell recognition, cell-cell communication, cell-cell adhesion
describe the structure of the plasma membrane
two layers of phospholipids, with their polar hydrophilic heads facing away from each other
what is the difference between DNA, Chromatin, and Chromosomes
?
what is the formula for photosythesis?
Co2 + H2O > Sugar + O2
Define facilitated diffusion
MUST move through plasma membrane with protein
what are the 2 categories of cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
define osmosis
diffusion of water from high to low concentration but the plasma membrane is hydrophobic so the water attaches to a protein
what is the difference between endo and exocytosis
endocytosis is imported into the cell while exocytosis is exported out of the cell
