Bio 105: Chapter 3

Eukaryotic cell traits

*has nucleus with DNA enclosed inside *includes plants, animals, protists, fungi *have organelles *can be unicellular(protist/fungi) or multicellular * large, more complex

What organelles are only found in plant cells?

- chloroplast - cell wall - central vacuole

what are the features of passive transport

- diffusion - osmosis - does not require energy - high to low concentration

what are the 3 types of passive transport

- diffusion - osmosis - facilitated diffusion

what organelles does eukaryotic cells possess?

- plasma membrane - mitochondria - nucleus

what are the features of active transport

- requires energy - move against concentration gradient from high to low concentration

what is the role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

- storage for DNA - direct activities of other cells

what are the stages of protein production

1. transcription: production of RNA and DNA 2. translation: at the ribosomes result in the production of proteins

prokaryotic cell traits

*always unicellular *bacteria ONLY! eubacteria & archaebacteria *no organelles(except ribosomes) *no nucleus with free-floating circular DNA * Simple cell * small

what is an organelle?

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

why is a cell membrane selectively permeable

it lets certain substances pass through while restricting the passage of others.

What organelles are only found in animal cells?

lysosomes

define diffusion

movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration

what is the large dense structure found inside of all eukaryotic cells

nucleus

what is the functions of the plasma membrane

regulation, cell recognition, cell-cell communication, cell-cell adhesion

describe the structure of the plasma membrane

two layers of phospholipids, with their polar hydrophilic heads facing away from each other

what is the difference between DNA, Chromatin, and Chromosomes

?

what is the formula for photosythesis?

Co2 + H2O > Sugar + O2

Define facilitated diffusion

MUST move through plasma membrane with protein

what are the 2 categories of cells

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

define osmosis

diffusion of water from high to low concentration but the plasma membrane is hydrophobic so the water attaches to a protein

what is the difference between endo and exocytosis

endocytosis is imported into the cell while exocytosis is exported out of the cell