BIO 110 MOD 3 Ionic and Covalent Bonds

double bond

A chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons

covalent bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

polar covalent bond

A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally

Molecule

A group of atoms bonded together

Ion

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge from a gain or loss of one or more electrons.

ionic bond

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

nonpolar covalent bond

a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally by the two atoms

Electronegativity

a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

How is covalent bond formation, the filling of electron shells via the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms, fundamentally different than transfering electrons to form ions?

covalent is shared ionic is to give.

What is the underlying property that determines if a particular atom will form a chemical bond?

its that atoms with vacancies in their electron shells will not remain as such, rather they will act in a manner to alleviate this situation, a process known as chemical bond formation.

Which elements/atoms on the periodic table utilize this mechanism of ion formation to fill electron vacancies?

the answer is those elements that have a "reasonable" number of protons and only need to transfer/gain one or two electrons to fill their shells use this particular strategy. Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), and Potassium (K) are common examples of atoms that form ions in order to fill their electron shells.

When an atom becomes an ion by gaining, or losing, electrons to remove vacancies in its outermost electron shell, what physical property or properties of that atom changes?

the atom that receives becomes negative and the one that gives becomes positive.

chemical bond

the force that holds two atoms together

How would one compare and constrast the forces of attraction that exist in ionic compounds with the forces that hold molecules together?

with ionic compounds opposites attract and with covalent molecules they "share" in order to fill there valence shell since they don't have much electronegativity.