BIO 117 HONDROS EXAM 3

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Urinary Structures -- Parts

1. Kidneys- main organ filters the blood 2. Ureters-Tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder 3. Urinary Bladder-where urine is stored 4. Urethra- the tube that leads urine from the bladder out of the body

The apex of the heart is located

5th intercostal space

Valve that prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the left ventricle is in diastole?

Aortic

Functions of water soluble vitamins?

B12 & B9 are needed for proper CNS function and development

What do baroreceptors regulate?

BP

What is related to the mitral valve (tricuspid valve)?

Bicuspid valve

What is the common feature of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Both are vassopressors

What organ do the carotid and vertebral arteries supply?

Brain

What is our number one fuel choice?

Carbohydrates, make most molecules out of carbs

Examples of macronutrients?

Carbs, Sugar, Potatoes, Pasta

What do heart rate and stroke volume determine?

Cardiac output

What artery supplies the head and neck region?

Carotid

Hepatic Vein?

Carries blood from the liver to the IVC

Hepatic Artery?

Carries oxygenated blood to the liver

What supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?

Coronary Arteries

What is the name of the second heart sound?

Dubb - A\aortic and pulmonic

Which of the following best explains the function of the skeletal muscle pump?

Enhanced movement of blood from the lower extremities towards the heart

Circulation in the lower extremity is assessed by palpating which artery?

Femoral

What happens if the capillary hydrostatic pressure exceeds plasma oncotic pressure?

Fluid is filtered into the insterstitium

Which direction does blood flow through the foramen ovale in the fetus?

From the right atrium to the left atrium

What vessel carries unoxygenated blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

Hepatic Veins

What blood vessels bring unoxygenated blood to the liver?

Hepatic portal vein

Where is BP the lowest?

Inferior vena cava

Insufficient blood supply to an organ?

Ischemia

Which of the following is true of vasoconstriction?

It's caused by sympathetic nerve stimulation

Which of the following carries unoxygenated blood?

Jugulars

Which of the following contains oxygenated blood?

Left Atrium, Pulmonary veins, Aorta

The aorta receives blood from what structure?

Left ventricle

mechanical digestion examples

Mastication, stomach churning, peristalsis, emulsification by bile

Which layer of the heart allows it to act as a pump?

Myocardium

Which layer of the heart contains actin, myosin, and troponin?

Myocardium

What is true of blood leaving the tissues and traveling towards the right atrium?

Oxygen poor, carbon dioxide rich

ECG Waves

P: atrial contraction/depolarization QRS: ventricular contraction (atrial repolarization hidden) T: ventricular repolarization

What is a vagal effect?

Parasympathetic mellowing down of the heart

What surrounds the heart?

Pericardium

Which layer of the heart wall contains the epicardium?

Pericardium

If the ductus arteriousus fails to close after birth, bloods shunts from the aorta to which blood vessel?

Pulmonary arteries

Which vessel carries blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium?

Pulmonary veins

What is the left ventricle doing when the right ventricle is contracting?

Pumping blood into the great vessels

Sympathic nerves?

Release Norepinephrine

Which cavity of the heart first receives unoxygenated blood from the vena cava?

Right atrium

Where does the cardiac action potential normally originate?

SA node

What fluid can be found between the visceral and parietal pericardium?

Serous Fluid

What is the function of the ductus arteriosus?

Shunts blood away from the fetal lungs

Which of the following contains deoxygenated blood?

Superior Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Pulmonary Arteries

What is cardiac output?

The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute

What is the right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery?

The pulmonic valve

What is the apex of the heart?

The tip of the heart, pointing down towards the left 5th intercostal space.

What is true about epinephrine and norepinephrine?

They bind to beta-1 adrenergic receptors, and are secreted by the adrenal medulla, catecholamines

Aorta locations

Thoracic and Abdominal

What is the function of the perkinje fibers?

To conduct electrical signals throughout the ventricles

What is the function of the pulmonic valve?

To prevent blood flow from the pulmonary arteries to the right ventricle during ventricular diastole

Which valves are open during atrial systole?

Tricuspid Mitral

Largest vein in the body?

Vena Cava

What is the largest vein in the body?

Vena Cava

Functions of fat soluble vitamins?

Vitamin A: Vision. Vitamin K: Blood Clotting Vitamin D: Bone & Teeth Vitamin E: Antioxidant & skin health

What vitamins are fat soluble?

Vitamins A, D, E, K

What vitamins are water soluble?

Vitamins B and C

What is true of vitamins?

We cant live without them, and we don't make energy out of them.

location of esophageal sphincter

between esophagus and stomach

location of pyloric sphincter

between stomach and duodenum

Functions of the liver

bile production, storage, nutrient interconversion, detoxification, phagocytosis, synthesis

What is the name of the first heart sound?

lubb - closing of the aortic valve

GI tract structures

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

digestive system structures

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, large intestine, rectum

Upper respiratory structures

nose, pharynx, larynx

What are digestive enzymes?

pepsin, mucus, hydrochloric

What is albumin?

plasma protein

What chamber is the pacemaker located in?

right atrium


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