Bio 176 Quizzes
- Excretion - Nitrification
Processes that turn nitrogen in consumers into nitrate in the soil
Succession
The process by which vegetation recovers after a disturbance
Tolerance Limits
The range of conditions under which a species can grow
Eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains
The short grass association is near to which topographic feature
Day Length
The timing of leaf drop in temperate deciduous forest is controlled mostly by
Lodgepole pine
The which species in the Rockies often has serotinous cones (requiring fire to open and germinate
Xylem
Vessel tissue that function to carry water from roots upward through the plant is called
Central California
What is the southern extent of the Coastal Coniferous Forest
- Texas - Florida - Minnesota - Ontario - Maine
What states can temperate deciduous forests be found
- Stomata - Guard Cells - Specialized epithelial cells
What structure allows plants to regulate water loss and retention, and its oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange?
Secondary Succession
What type of succession would occur if trees were cut down and then allowed to regrow
- Manitoba - Saskatechuan - Alberta
Which Canadian provinces are home to grasslands
Rockies
Which North American Mountain range spans the greatest range of longitudes (which is the longest)
Sierra Nevadas and Cascades
Which mountain range has a Mediterranean climate, with wet wet winters and dry summers
Sierra Nevadas
Which mountain range is home the one of the largest organisms on Earth, the giant sequoia
- Low shoot shoot ratio - Meristem near the soil surface - Narrow Leaves - Wilting - Hair on Leaves
Which of the following are adaptations characteristic of grasslands
- Whorled - Alternate - Opposite
Which of the following are types of leaf arrangement
- Entire - Lobed - Serrate - Parted
Which of the following are types of leaf margin
- Short Stature - Cushion growth form - Drought Resistance
Which of the following is (are) an adaptation(s) to conditions in the tundra?
Alleles
Which of the following is a term for different forms of a single gene
- deep roots that reach the water table - Shallow roots of cacti - Water storage - Metabolic water, resulting from cellular respiration
Which of the following is an adaptation or adaptations to low precipitation in the desert, as described in Vankat
Phenotypic Plasticity
Which of the following refers to variation in structure or function of an individual in response to the environment
- Sugar Maple - Red Oak - American Beech
Which trees are characteristic of forests in Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky
Primary Succession
Which type of succession would occur following volcanic eruption
Tropical Seasonal Forest
Which vegetation type has the third highest approximate mean net primary productivity
Pinnate Leaf
a leaf that is similar to a feather because the veins all stem from one major vein that goes straight up the middle
Petiolate Leaf
leaf with a petiole
Density
Add up then divide by boxes
Outer Space
After being transferred to various ecosystem compartments, where does all the energy eventually end up
Pinyon-juniper woodland
Fire frequency is lowest in which vegetation type
4X
In the Coastal Coniferous Forest's wettest areas, this forest type may receive up to how many times as much precipitation as Oxford, OH
100-500mm
In the arctic tundra, total annual precipitation ranges approximately
Glaciers, and permanent snow and ice
In what compartment is most of the freshwater
Ovary
In what part of the female flower are the gametes produced
Head
Individual flowers are arranged in groups called inflorenscences. Which of the following inflorescences is most like a dandelion or sunflower?
Southern Mexico
Lowland tropical rainforest extends as far north as
Serrate Leaf
Toothed
Thinner and more broad (wide)
Tree leaves that develop the shaded understory are (Blank) compared to tree leaves that grow up high in the canopy
- Appalachians - Rockies - Sierra Nevadas - Cascades
Vankat includes which of the following mountain ranges in his section on montaneconiferous forest
Natural Vegetation
Vegetation that wouldn't have been present if the Europeans wouldn't have permanently settled on the continent
Longest growing season
What factor is most important in making tropical rainforest the biome with the greatest annual primary production
> 50%
What fraction of Earth's land surface is now considered human-dominated
Deciduous Forest
What geographic feature does not border tundra
Rangelands
Which is the most extensive anthropogenic biome (most area)
Low precipitation
he single biggest determinant of desert is
Sessile Leaf
no petiole
Entire Leaf
Straight Edge
Palmatafid Leaf
Stretched out one
Community
A collection of many species living in an area
Lobed Leaf
A leaf has deep indentations but are not sharp
Clumped Distribution
A spatial arrangement of a population that results in most individuals having some very close neighbors
3.5 Billion
About how many years old are our oldest known fossils?
2,500,000,000
According to Ellis and Ramankutty (2008), out of 6.4 billion people, about how many people lived in village biomes
- a lack of developed profile - low organic matter - high salt concentration
Desert soils are characterized by
- Human population density - Land use - Land cover
Anthropogenic biomes (anthromes) were identified primarily using what data?
Páramo or mid-elevation
At what elevation is soil organic matter the greatest
Pinyon pine - Juniper woodland
Betwixt the Ponderosa pine forests of the Rocky Mountains and desert or shortgrass lies
wood rat middens
Bones in these used for dating
Cowboy Economy
Boulding (1966) refers economy that is dominated by throughput, inputs, outputs, and unlimited reservoirs as a(n)
Spaceman Economy
Boulding (1966) refers to an economy that is closed to material inputs or outputs as a(n)
have more branches
Compared with trees in forests, trees in savannas
1859
Darwin first published a complete theory of natural selection in what year
Disorder
Entropy is a measure of
Cowboy Economy
Gross National Product (GNP) is measure of production and consumption, and so is a reasonable measure of the economy in which economic system
Primary Growth
Growth associated with making plants taller and branches longer is called
Vertical stratification of vegetation
Horizontal layers resulting from plants of different heights
- Vegetation gets shorter - Fewer willows and birches - More mosses and lichens - More desert-like conditions
How does vegetation change as you travel north through arctic tundra
Frequency
How many boxes contain items
Greater than 50%
How much of the earth have humans used
- consume 1/3 of all terrestrial primary production - create most of the reactive nitrogen (that plants and algae use) - cause species extinctions as great as any observed in the fossil record - change the global climate as rapidly as at any time in the past
Humans
True
Humans are heterotrophs.
- Buttressed tree trunks and roots - Thick cuticle - Drip tips - Shallow roots - Cauliflory
Identify adaptations of tropical plants.
- Redwood - Douglas Fir
Identify the fire-resistant species
- More intense solar radiation - More extreme temperatures - Higher Precipitation - More UV light exposure
In contrast to Arctic Tundra Alpine Tundra has
40-100
In lowland tropical rainforest, hectare (100 m x 100 m), an area a little bigger than a soccer field, might contain how many different tree species
- Differences among individuals in their evolutionary fitness, that is, their reproductive output - Genetic basis for variation in form or function among individuals - Variation among individuals in their form or function
Necessary for Evolution by Natural Selection
Phosphorous Cycle
No atmospheric compartment
Nitrogen Cycle
No sedimentary compartment
Alternate Leaf Arrangment
One leaf per node
time discounting
Our tendency to not value things in the future as much as things in the present can be referred to as
Scent and pollen as a food source
Plants attract beetles by
Scent
Plants attract flies by
Nectar Reward
Plants attract hummingbird by
Wetter and Warmer
Relative to today's climate, climate in North America 65 mya was
30 %
Savanna is grass-dominated vegetation with a maximum of how much tree cover
Pines appeared earlier in time, before hickories
Since the Wisconsin glaciation, both pines and hickories are associated with dry periods. Why did the pines show up toward the bottom of the pollen record, and hickories appear higher up in the pollen record
- Rock Fragments - Decaying organic matter - Living Organisms - Atmosphere or below ground gasses - Soil water and dissolved materials
Soil includes which of the following components
Pioneer Species
Species that are abundant early in succession
Decreasing variation in a population
Stabilizing selection causes which of the following
Mycorrhizae
Term for mutually beneficial relations between fungi and plant roots
250 Feet
The Coastal Coniferous forest is known for its tall trees, which are commonly over how many feet tall
100
The Coastal Coniferous forest tends to occur within how many miles from the Pacific coast
Cascades
The Palouse Prairie is in the rain shadow of which mountain range
- Winter-deciduous broad -leaved trees such as hickories, maples and ashes - Evergreen needle-leaved trees such as firs and spruces
The arcto-tertiary flora gave rise to which types of species
- Increased heterogeneity in temperature - Increased heterogeneity in moisture - A greater variety of environments
The change in topography over the past 65 my resulted in what change to the climate
Hottest
The desert with the greatest diversity of plant types and plant communities is also the
Grassland
The eastern deciduous forest is bounded in west by
- Fire - Transport and introduction by humans
The factors contributing to the widespread occurrence throughout the western US of cheat grass include which of the following
Savana
The grassland-deciduous forest boundary region is referred to as
Great Basin desert
The most northern desert in North America is the
Angle of the Earth's surface relative to the sun
The primary determinant of the temperature of a region is
Parted Leaf
a leaf having margins incised almost to the base so as to create distinct divisions or lobes
Palmate Leaf
a leaf resembling an open hand; having lobes radiating from a common point
Parallel Leaf
like a palm tree
Whorled Leaf Arrangement
three or more leaves per node
Opposite Leaf Arrangement
two leaves per node