Bio 176 Quizzes

- Excretion - Nitrification

Processes that turn nitrogen in consumers into nitrate in the soil

Succession

The process by which vegetation recovers after a disturbance

Tolerance Limits

The range of conditions under which a species can grow

Eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains

The short grass association is near to which topographic feature

Day Length

The timing of leaf drop in temperate deciduous forest is controlled mostly by

Lodgepole pine

The which species in the Rockies often has serotinous cones (requiring fire to open and germinate

Xylem

Vessel tissue that function to carry water from roots upward through the plant is called

Central California

What is the southern extent of the Coastal Coniferous Forest

- Texas - Florida - Minnesota - Ontario - Maine

What states can temperate deciduous forests be found

- Stomata - Guard Cells - Specialized epithelial cells

What structure allows plants to regulate water loss and retention, and its oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange?

Secondary Succession

What type of succession would occur if trees were cut down and then allowed to regrow

- Manitoba - Saskatechuan - Alberta

Which Canadian provinces are home to grasslands

Rockies

Which North American Mountain range spans the greatest range of longitudes (which is the longest)

Sierra Nevadas and Cascades

Which mountain range has a Mediterranean climate, with wet wet winters and dry summers

Sierra Nevadas

Which mountain range is home the one of the largest organisms on Earth, the giant sequoia

- Low shoot shoot ratio - Meristem near the soil surface - Narrow Leaves - Wilting - Hair on Leaves

Which of the following are adaptations characteristic of grasslands

- Whorled - Alternate - Opposite

Which of the following are types of leaf arrangement

- Entire - Lobed - Serrate - Parted

Which of the following are types of leaf margin

- Short Stature - Cushion growth form - Drought Resistance

Which of the following is (are) an adaptation(s) to conditions in the tundra?

Alleles

Which of the following is a term for different forms of a single gene

- deep roots that reach the water table - Shallow roots of cacti - Water storage - Metabolic water, resulting from cellular respiration

Which of the following is an adaptation or adaptations to low precipitation in the desert, as described in Vankat

Phenotypic Plasticity

Which of the following refers to variation in structure or function of an individual in response to the environment

- Sugar Maple - Red Oak - American Beech

Which trees are characteristic of forests in Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky

Primary Succession

Which type of succession would occur following volcanic eruption

Tropical Seasonal Forest

Which vegetation type has the third highest approximate mean net primary productivity

Pinnate Leaf

a leaf that is similar to a feather because the veins all stem from one major vein that goes straight up the middle

Petiolate Leaf

leaf with a petiole

Density

Add up then divide by boxes

Outer Space

After being transferred to various ecosystem compartments, where does all the energy eventually end up

Pinyon-juniper woodland

Fire frequency is lowest in which vegetation type

4X

In the Coastal Coniferous Forest's wettest areas, this forest type may receive up to how many times as much precipitation as Oxford, OH

100-500mm

In the arctic tundra, total annual precipitation ranges approximately

Glaciers, and permanent snow and ice

In what compartment is most of the freshwater

Ovary

In what part of the female flower are the gametes produced

Head

Individual flowers are arranged in groups called inflorenscences. Which of the following inflorescences is most like a dandelion or sunflower?

Southern Mexico

Lowland tropical rainforest extends as far north as

Serrate Leaf

Toothed

Thinner and more broad (wide)

Tree leaves that develop the shaded understory are (Blank) compared to tree leaves that grow up high in the canopy

- Appalachians - Rockies - Sierra Nevadas - Cascades

Vankat includes which of the following mountain ranges in his section on montaneconiferous forest

Natural Vegetation

Vegetation that wouldn't have been present if the Europeans wouldn't have permanently settled on the continent

Longest growing season

What factor is most important in making tropical rainforest the biome with the greatest annual primary production

> 50%

What fraction of Earth's land surface is now considered human-dominated

Deciduous Forest

What geographic feature does not border tundra

Rangelands

Which is the most extensive anthropogenic biome (most area)

Low precipitation

he single biggest determinant of desert is

Sessile Leaf

no petiole

Entire Leaf

Straight Edge

Palmatafid Leaf

Stretched out one

Community

A collection of many species living in an area

Lobed Leaf

A leaf has deep indentations but are not sharp

Clumped Distribution

A spatial arrangement of a population that results in most individuals having some very close neighbors

3.5 Billion

About how many years old are our oldest known fossils?

2,500,000,000

According to Ellis and Ramankutty (2008), out of 6.4 billion people, about how many people lived in village biomes

- a lack of developed profile - low organic matter - high salt concentration

Desert soils are characterized by

- Human population density - Land use - Land cover

Anthropogenic biomes (anthromes) were identified primarily using what data?

Páramo or mid-elevation

At what elevation is soil organic matter the greatest

Pinyon pine - Juniper woodland

Betwixt the Ponderosa pine forests of the Rocky Mountains and desert or shortgrass lies

wood rat middens

Bones in these used for dating

Cowboy Economy

Boulding (1966) refers economy that is dominated by throughput, inputs, outputs, and unlimited reservoirs as a(n)

Spaceman Economy

Boulding (1966) refers to an economy that is closed to material inputs or outputs as a(n)

have more branches

Compared with trees in forests, trees in savannas

1859

Darwin first published a complete theory of natural selection in what year

Disorder

Entropy is a measure of

Cowboy Economy

Gross National Product (GNP) is measure of production and consumption, and so is a reasonable measure of the economy in which economic system

Primary Growth

Growth associated with making plants taller and branches longer is called

Vertical stratification of vegetation

Horizontal layers resulting from plants of different heights

- Vegetation gets shorter - Fewer willows and birches - More mosses and lichens - More desert-like conditions

How does vegetation change as you travel north through arctic tundra

Frequency

How many boxes contain items

Greater than 50%

How much of the earth have humans used

- consume 1/3 of all terrestrial primary production - create most of the reactive nitrogen (that plants and algae use) - cause species extinctions as great as any observed in the fossil record - change the global climate as rapidly as at any time in the past

Humans

True

Humans are heterotrophs.

- Buttressed tree trunks and roots - Thick cuticle - Drip tips - Shallow roots - Cauliflory

Identify adaptations of tropical plants.

- Redwood - Douglas Fir

Identify the fire-resistant species

- More intense solar radiation - More extreme temperatures - Higher Precipitation - More UV light exposure

In contrast to Arctic Tundra Alpine Tundra has

40-100

In lowland tropical rainforest, hectare (100 m x 100 m), an area a little bigger than a soccer field, might contain how many different tree species

- Differences among individuals in their evolutionary fitness, that is, their reproductive output - Genetic basis for variation in form or function among individuals - Variation among individuals in their form or function

Necessary for Evolution by Natural Selection

Phosphorous Cycle

No atmospheric compartment

Nitrogen Cycle

No sedimentary compartment

Alternate Leaf Arrangment

One leaf per node

time discounting

Our tendency to not value things in the future as much as things in the present can be referred to as

Scent and pollen as a food source

Plants attract beetles by

Scent

Plants attract flies by

Nectar Reward

Plants attract hummingbird by

Wetter and Warmer

Relative to today's climate, climate in North America 65 mya was

30 %

Savanna is grass-dominated vegetation with a maximum of how much tree cover

Pines appeared earlier in time, before hickories

Since the Wisconsin glaciation, both pines and hickories are associated with dry periods. Why did the pines show up toward the bottom of the pollen record, and hickories appear higher up in the pollen record

- Rock Fragments - Decaying organic matter - Living Organisms - Atmosphere or below ground gasses - Soil water and dissolved materials

Soil includes which of the following components

Pioneer Species

Species that are abundant early in succession

Decreasing variation in a population

Stabilizing selection causes which of the following

Mycorrhizae

Term for mutually beneficial relations between fungi and plant roots

250 Feet

The Coastal Coniferous forest is known for its tall trees, which are commonly over how many feet tall

100

The Coastal Coniferous forest tends to occur within how many miles from the Pacific coast

Cascades

The Palouse Prairie is in the rain shadow of which mountain range

- Winter-deciduous broad -leaved trees such as hickories, maples and ashes - Evergreen needle-leaved trees such as firs and spruces

The arcto-tertiary flora gave rise to which types of species

- Increased heterogeneity in temperature - Increased heterogeneity in moisture - A greater variety of environments

The change in topography over the past 65 my resulted in what change to the climate

Hottest

The desert with the greatest diversity of plant types and plant communities is also the

Grassland

The eastern deciduous forest is bounded in west by

- Fire - Transport and introduction by humans

The factors contributing to the widespread occurrence throughout the western US of cheat grass include which of the following

Savana

The grassland-deciduous forest boundary region is referred to as

Great Basin desert

The most northern desert in North America is the

Angle of the Earth's surface relative to the sun

The primary determinant of the temperature of a region is

Parted Leaf

a leaf having margins incised almost to the base so as to create distinct divisions or lobes

Palmate Leaf

a leaf resembling an open hand; having lobes radiating from a common point

Parallel Leaf

like a palm tree

Whorled Leaf Arrangement

three or more leaves per node

Opposite Leaf Arrangement

two leaves per node