Bio 245: Chapter 16- Nervous System: Senses

Receptors initiate input to the _______. muscles CNS organs skin PNS

CNS- Central Nervous System

The optic disc is associated with _____. cranial nerve 3 cranial nerve 2 cranial nerve 5 cranial nerve 1

Cranial nerve 2

Pain is an example of a ______ sense. Special General

General

Where are photoreceptors located? in the neural layer of the retina in the pigmented layer of the choroid in the neural layer of the choroid in the pigmented layer of the iris

In the neural layer of the retina

The retina is the ____ layer of the eye wall. External Middle Internal

Internal

The sclera _____. (2) is made of dense connective tissue allows light to enter the eye is made of loose connective tissue provides for eye shape

Is made of dense connective tissue. Provides for eye shape

If stimulated over a period of time, ________ receptors lose eventually sensitivity.

Phasic

What type of receptor can undergo adaptation? Tonic Phasic

Phasic

The black hole in the eye is called the ______ and it is surrounded by the colorful ______.

Pupil, iris

_____ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin. Referred pain Phantom pain

Referred pain

Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a ______ receptive field. small large

Small

Olfaction is the sense of _______.

Smell

Mechanoreceptors located in the skin and mucous membranes are called ______ receptors. tactile visceral chemical

Tactile

which are true of rods? select all that apply Theres are more than 100 million rod cells per eye They function well in dim light. They provide a crisp, focused vision. They are concentrated at the visual axis of the eye, near the center of the retina. They discriminate between colors.

There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye They function well in dim light

Hearing and equilibrium are transmitted along which cranial nerve? VIII IX VI VII X

VIII

Which cavity of the eyeball is divided into an anterior and posterior chamber. posterior cavity anterior cavity

anterior cavity

What chamber is between the iris and cornea? anterior chamber posterior chamber

anterior chamber

When the ___ membrane moves, the ___ on the spiral organ hair cells distort because they are anchored by the tectorial membrane.

basilar, stereocilia

Gustatory cells are found in taste ______.

buds

The auditory sensory axons of the ____ branch of cranial number _____ terminate in the cochlear nucleus within the brainstem.

choclear VII (8)

What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes? pupil sclera cornea choroid

choroid

Which structure of the eye absorbs light to prevent it from scattering within the eye? retina choroid ciliary body lens

choroid

What type of photoreceptor cell perceives color? cone rod

cone

The limbus is the junction between the sclera and the _____. iris cornea choroid retina

cornea

Which are a part of the fibrous tunic? sclera iris cornea

cornea and sclera

When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called ________ ________

dark adaptation

Which is an accessory structure of the eye? lens eyebrow iris pupil

eyebrow

True or false: The eye is spherical, measuring about 5 centimeters in diameter, and most of it is receded into the orbit of the skull.

false

The outmost layer of the eye is called the ____ tunic. Pigmented nervous vascular fibrous

fibrous

The vestibulocohlear nerve transmits ____ information taste and hearing smell and taste hearing and equilibrium

hearing and equilibrium

Tactile receptors are a type of _____. thermoreceptor mechanoreceptor chemoreceptor nociceptor

mechanoreceptor

We use the sense of _______ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of individuals in the room, or potential danger

olfaction

A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"? Optic disc fovea centralis macula lutea

optic disc

Olfactory receptors ______. perceive tastes perceive sounds maintain coordination and balance perceive odors

perceive odors

The iris controls the size of the ______. pupil eyeball lens

pupil

Most of the eye is _____ the orbit of the skull. exterior to receded to

receded to

The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______. receptive field stimulus tonic receptor phasic receptor

receptive field

Some individuals experience in their left shoulder during a heart attack. This is an example of ______. referred pain phantom of pain

referred pain

What structure is the "white" of the eye? sclera conjunctiva iris choroid cornea

sclera

What structure makes up the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous tunic? iris sclera cornea

sclera

Sensory receptors in which structure help monitor our equilibrium? semicircular ducts utricle auditory tube saccule cochlea

semicircular ducts utricle saccule

Receptors for general senses are usually _____. simple in structure complex in structure found in specialized sensory organs

simple in structure

Taste buds are found on the tongue and _____. nasal epithelium soft palate inner cheeks

soft palate

Gustation is the sense of _______.

taste

The middle and inner ear are in which bone? Temporal bone ethmoid bone occiptial bone sphenoid bone

temporal

A feature common to all receptors is ______. they are found on tips of axons they are found in specialized sense organs. they are always unicellular. the ability to respond to a stimulus.

the ability to respond to a stimulus.

The cornea is _____. opaque transparent

transparent

The vascular tunic of the eye is also called the _____. uvea iris cornea retina

uvea

Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels? vascular tunic fibrous tunic retina

vascular tunic