Bio B Chapter 16
The principle of common descent helps explain why
Birds and reptiles share a number of inherited characteristics
The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on different Galapagos Islands varied in certain structural adaptations. one of the most significant adaptations that Darwin noted was the
Birds different shaped beaks
When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that gives the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of
Artificial selection
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
Artificial selection
Charles Darwin's observation that ventures of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these benches
Descended from a common ancestor
Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
Fitness
What did Charles Darwin learn from reading the work of James Hutton in Charles Lyell
Gradual change operating over long periods of time can result in dramatic changes
Jean Baptiste Lamarck proposed that organisms
Have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection
Biologist and Darwin's time had already begun to understand that living things change over time. how did Darwin contribute these ideas?
He figured out and explain how these changes happened and supported his ideas with evidence
Similar patterns of embryological development and different but related organisms are responsible for the formation of
Homologous structures
Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galapagos he wondered
If species living on different islands had once been members of the same species
What principal does the grants investigation of Finch adaptation in the Galapagos Islands best support
Natural selection
When farmer select animals or plants to use for breeding they look for
Natural variation that are present in a species
Darwin first begin to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after
Observing patterns among the geographical location of certain species
Modern Seastar larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae this similarity may suggest that primitive vertebrates
Share a common ancestor with sea stars
Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwins observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galapagos Islands
Adaptation
According to the grants investigation of Galapagos finches, what happened to the beaks of finches?
Beaks became larger over many generations
Which is a major concepts included in lamarck's evolutionary hypothesis
Body structures can change according to the actions of the organism
Darwin realized that the economists Malthus's theory of population control
Could be generalized to any population of organisms
The hypothesis that all species are descended from a common ancestor was proposed by
Charles Darwin
The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. this is evidence in support of which of the following concepts
Common descent
James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work suggest that
Earth is several million years old
In an experiment suppose that the wings of fruit flies were clipped short for 50 generations. the 51st generation emerge with normal length wings. this observation would tend to disprove the idea that evolution is based on
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following except how
Inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring
One scientist to attempted to explain how rock formations, such as rock layers, form and change over time was
James Hutton
Darwin's concept of natural selection was not influenced by
Knowledge about the structure of DNA
Which statement is part of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection
More offspring are produced than can possibly survive
In the late 1800s Charles Lyell emphasized that
Past geological events must be explained in terms of processes observable today
Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur except
Population size is very large
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. their survival is due to the
Possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness
People of Charles Darwin's time understood that fossils were
Preserved remains of ancient organisms
On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
Species similar to mainland South American species
James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work was important to Darwin because the scientist
Suggested that earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred
Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to
Surviving in the environments in which they lived
Lamarck's idea about evolution include the concept that differences among the traits of organisms arise as a result of
The actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures
Molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes
The nearly universal genetic code
Which characteristic of Galapagos finches helped the grants show the result of natural selection
The size and shape of their beaks
Which the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection
The struggle for existence undergone by all living things
Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to reproduce is consistent with the theory of evolution by natural selection
They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment
The idea that events like war, starvation, and disease could prevent the endless growth of human populations was presented by
Thomas Malthus
Charles Darwin viewed the fossil record as
Useful support for his theory
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
Variations best suited to environmental conditions
In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thighbone are involved in walking. in Whales, the pelvis and femur shown in figure 16-1 are
Vestigial structures
Biogeography is the study of
Where species and their ancestors live
The economist Thomas Malthus suggested that
Without certain checks on population size, there was soon be insufficient food for the growing human population