Bio B Chapter 16

The principle of common descent helps explain why

Birds and reptiles share a number of inherited characteristics

The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on different Galapagos Islands varied in certain structural adaptations. one of the most significant adaptations that Darwin noted was the

Birds different shaped beaks

When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that gives the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of

Artificial selection

When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is

Artificial selection

Charles Darwin's observation that ventures of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these benches

Descended from a common ancestor

Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

Fitness

What did Charles Darwin learn from reading the work of James Hutton in Charles Lyell

Gradual change operating over long periods of time can result in dramatic changes

Jean Baptiste Lamarck proposed that organisms

Have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection

Biologist and Darwin's time had already begun to understand that living things change over time. how did Darwin contribute these ideas?

He figured out and explain how these changes happened and supported his ideas with evidence

Similar patterns of embryological development and different but related organisms are responsible for the formation of

Homologous structures

Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galapagos he wondered

If species living on different islands had once been members of the same species

What principal does the grants investigation of Finch adaptation in the Galapagos Islands best support

Natural selection

When farmer select animals or plants to use for breeding they look for

Natural variation that are present in a species

Darwin first begin to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after

Observing patterns among the geographical location of certain species

Modern Seastar larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae this similarity may suggest that primitive vertebrates

Share a common ancestor with sea stars

Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwins observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galapagos Islands

Adaptation

According to the grants investigation of Galapagos finches, what happened to the beaks of finches?

Beaks became larger over many generations

Which is a major concepts included in lamarck's evolutionary hypothesis

Body structures can change according to the actions of the organism

Darwin realized that the economists Malthus's theory of population control

Could be generalized to any population of organisms

The hypothesis that all species are descended from a common ancestor was proposed by

Charles Darwin

The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. this is evidence in support of which of the following concepts

Common descent

James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work suggest that

Earth is several million years old

In an experiment suppose that the wings of fruit flies were clipped short for 50 generations. the 51st generation emerge with normal length wings. this observation would tend to disprove the idea that evolution is based on

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following except how

Inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring

One scientist to attempted to explain how rock formations, such as rock layers, form and change over time was

James Hutton

Darwin's concept of natural selection was not influenced by

Knowledge about the structure of DNA

Which statement is part of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection

More offspring are produced than can possibly survive

In the late 1800s Charles Lyell emphasized that

Past geological events must be explained in terms of processes observable today

Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur except

Population size is very large

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. their survival is due to the

Possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness

People of Charles Darwin's time understood that fossils were

Preserved remains of ancient organisms

On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed

Species similar to mainland South American species

James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work was important to Darwin because the scientist

Suggested that earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred

Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to

Surviving in the environments in which they lived

Lamarck's idea about evolution include the concept that differences among the traits of organisms arise as a result of

The actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures

Molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes

The nearly universal genetic code

Which characteristic of Galapagos finches helped the grants show the result of natural selection

The size and shape of their beaks

Which the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection

The struggle for existence undergone by all living things

Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to reproduce is consistent with the theory of evolution by natural selection

They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment

The idea that events like war, starvation, and disease could prevent the endless growth of human populations was presented by

Thomas Malthus

Charles Darwin viewed the fossil record as

Useful support for his theory

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have

Variations best suited to environmental conditions

In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thighbone are involved in walking. in Whales, the pelvis and femur shown in figure 16-1 are

Vestigial structures

Biogeography is the study of

Where species and their ancestors live

The economist Thomas Malthus suggested that

Without certain checks on population size, there was soon be insufficient food for the growing human population