bio ch 3
Lysosome
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
cell theory
idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
Microtubules
Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure
mRNA
The ______ produced in the nucleus enters the cytoplasm and binds to ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis.
organelles
The endomembrane system is a coordinated system of ______ in eukaryotic cells. Multiple choice question.
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
Centrosome
A structure in animal cells containing centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop.
Golgi apparatus
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
Prokaryote
A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
outside enviorment
All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the Multiple choice question.
scanning electron microscope
An electron microscope used to study the fine details of cell surfaces bounces electrons of surface of the cells
transmission electron microscope
An electron microscope used to study the internal structure of the cell
Mitochondrion
Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
proteins
In all cells, RNA and ribosomes play a role in the production of ______, which are molecules that carry out all of the cell's work.
phosphate head
In cell membranes, what part of a phospholipid molecule is oriented toward the outside of the bilayer? Multiple choice question.
nucleus
In eukaryotic cells, the DNA that codes for the cell's proteins is stored in a membrane-bounded organelle called the
housing the cell's DNA.
In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is an organelle that functions in
-transport substances into and out of the cell -receive and respond to external stimuli -enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells
roles that membranes play in cells.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm
Centriole
structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
house enzymes that detoxify drugs and poisons synthesize lipids
functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Archea
no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
peroxisome
organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water
intermidiate filaments
rods that anchor the nucleus and some other organelles to their places in the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
Peroxisomes are organelles that originate at the ______ and contain enzymes that dispose of toxic substances.
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, extarcts energy from food
Gogli Apparatus
The ______ is a series of flattened sacs that sorts and packages materials into vesicles to be sent to the cell membrane.
ribosomes
The nucleolus is a dense spot in the nucleus where components of ______ are assembled.
cytoplasm
The two-layered nuclear envelope separates the nucleus of a cell from the Multiple choice question.
plasmodesmata
Water, nutrients, hormones, and some organelles flow between adjacent plant cells through special channels in the cell wall called
Hooke
What English physicist first observed the outlines of cells when he looked at cork from an oak tree?
ribosome
What cell structure binds to mRNA coming from the nucleus and manufactures proteins?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is a network of sacs and tubules extending off the nuclear envelope and is where proteins and lipids are produced?
cytoskeleton
What is the network of protein fibers and tubules inside the cell that provides support and aids in cell division and movement?
peroxisome
What organelle protects all eukaryotic cells from toxic substances or toxic by-products of chemical reactions?
central vacuole
What plant cell organelle can occupy up to 90% of the cell volume and can exert turgor pressure against the cell membrane when it acquires water?
light microscope
What type of microscope passes light through a transparent or thinly sliced specimen to generate true-color views of cells?
nuclear pore
a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
The original three components of the cell theory are that all organisms
are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
creates lipids or fat
nucleus
Control center of the cell
Micro filaments
Cytoskeletal components called ______ are long, thin rods of actin protein that are used in muscle contractions, stretching and compression, and anchoring of cells.
cell membrane
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Eukaryote
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
nuclear envelope
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell
cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
enzymes ribosomes cytoplasm DNA
Select all of the following that are present in bacterial cells.
nucleolus
Inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, the subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the Multiple choice question.
smooth
Lipids, detoxifying enzymes, and membrane components are produced and stored in the_________ endoplasmic reticulum.
Microfilaments
Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell
ribosome
Makes proteins
nucleolus
Makes ribosomes
enzymes
Organelles called lysosomes contain ______ that break down food particles, old organelles, and other cellular debris.
rough
Proteins to be secreted outside of a eukaryotic cell are formed at ribosomes on the surface of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum. Multiple choice question.
lysosomes Golgi apparatus vacuoles endoplasmic reticulum nuclear envelope
Select all of the cell parts that are involved in the endomembrane system. Multiple select question.
two fatty acids glycerol molecule phosphate group
Select all of the following that are components of phospholipid molecules, which are the main constituents of cell membranes.
RNA cytoplasm DNA ribosomes
Select all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
help anchor cells to each other composed of the protein actin function in cell contraction and compression
Select all of the following that describe microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.
phospholipid
The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) ______, which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule.
endomembrane
The internal membranes of several organelles are interconnected and form the ______ system of a eukaryotic cell.