bio ch 3

Lysosome

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

cell theory

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Microtubules

Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure

mRNA

The ______ produced in the nucleus enters the cytoplasm and binds to ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis.

organelles

The endomembrane system is a coordinated system of ______ in eukaryotic cells. Multiple choice question.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

Centrosome

A structure in animal cells containing centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop.

Golgi apparatus

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

outside enviorment

All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the Multiple choice question.

scanning electron microscope

An electron microscope used to study the fine details of cell surfaces bounces electrons of surface of the cells

transmission electron microscope

An electron microscope used to study the internal structure of the cell

Mitochondrion

Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

proteins

In all cells, RNA and ribosomes play a role in the production of ______, which are molecules that carry out all of the cell's work.

phosphate head

In cell membranes, what part of a phospholipid molecule is oriented toward the outside of the bilayer? Multiple choice question.

nucleus

In eukaryotic cells, the DNA that codes for the cell's proteins is stored in a membrane-bounded organelle called the

housing the cell's DNA.

In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is an organelle that functions in

-transport substances into and out of the cell -receive and respond to external stimuli -enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells

roles that membranes play in cells.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm

Centriole

structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division

house enzymes that detoxify drugs and poisons synthesize lipids

functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Archea

no nucleus or membrane bound organelles

peroxisome

organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water

intermidiate filaments

rods that anchor the nucleus and some other organelles to their places in the cell

endoplasmic reticulum

Peroxisomes are organelles that originate at the ______ and contain enzymes that dispose of toxic substances.

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, extarcts energy from food

Gogli Apparatus

The ______ is a series of flattened sacs that sorts and packages materials into vesicles to be sent to the cell membrane.

ribosomes

The nucleolus is a dense spot in the nucleus where components of ______ are assembled.

cytoplasm

The two-layered nuclear envelope separates the nucleus of a cell from the Multiple choice question.

plasmodesmata

Water, nutrients, hormones, and some organelles flow between adjacent plant cells through special channels in the cell wall called

Hooke

What English physicist first observed the outlines of cells when he looked at cork from an oak tree?

ribosome

What cell structure binds to mRNA coming from the nucleus and manufactures proteins?

Endoplasmic reticulum

What is a network of sacs and tubules extending off the nuclear envelope and is where proteins and lipids are produced?

cytoskeleton

What is the network of protein fibers and tubules inside the cell that provides support and aids in cell division and movement?

peroxisome

What organelle protects all eukaryotic cells from toxic substances or toxic by-products of chemical reactions?

central vacuole

What plant cell organelle can occupy up to 90% of the cell volume and can exert turgor pressure against the cell membrane when it acquires water?

light microscope

What type of microscope passes light through a transparent or thinly sliced specimen to generate true-color views of cells?

nuclear pore

a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

The original three components of the cell theory are that all organisms

are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

creates lipids or fat

nucleus

Control center of the cell

Micro filaments

Cytoskeletal components called ______ are long, thin rods of actin protein that are used in muscle contractions, stretching and compression, and anchoring of cells.

cell membrane

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

nuclear envelope

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell

cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

enzymes ribosomes cytoplasm DNA

Select all of the following that are present in bacterial cells.

nucleolus

Inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, the subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the Multiple choice question.

smooth

Lipids, detoxifying enzymes, and membrane components are produced and stored in the_________ endoplasmic reticulum.

Microfilaments

Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell

ribosome

Makes proteins

nucleolus

Makes ribosomes

enzymes

Organelles called lysosomes contain ______ that break down food particles, old organelles, and other cellular debris.

rough

Proteins to be secreted outside of a eukaryotic cell are formed at ribosomes on the surface of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum. Multiple choice question.

lysosomes Golgi apparatus vacuoles endoplasmic reticulum nuclear envelope

Select all of the cell parts that are involved in the endomembrane system. Multiple select question.

two fatty acids glycerol molecule phosphate group

Select all of the following that are components of phospholipid molecules, which are the main constituents of cell membranes.

RNA cytoplasm DNA ribosomes

Select all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

help anchor cells to each other composed of the protein actin function in cell contraction and compression

Select all of the following that describe microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.

phospholipid

The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) ______, which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule.

endomembrane

The internal membranes of several organelles are interconnected and form the ______ system of a eukaryotic cell.