BIO CH 7

Know how facilitated diffusion and active transport differ.

Active transport uses protein pumps to move molecules from an area of low concentration to high concentration. Active transport uses energy Facilitated diffusion uses protein channels to move molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Facilitated diffusion does not use energy. The channels and pumps in both types of transport are made of proteins.

Compare and contrast the structure and function of the cell wall with that of the cell membrane

Cell wall is outside of the cell membrane. They both provide support and structure. They both control what enters and exits the cell. The cell wall is only in plants. Cell wall is made of carbohydrate fibers, and the membrane is made of lipids.

Compare a cell from a unicellular organism with a cell from a multicellular organism in terms of cell specialization.

Multicellular organisms have specialized cells that do a specific job. When a cell is specialized it is used for one specific job in the organism. This makes the cell an expert at what it does. Unicellular organisms have a cell that performs all the functions. This makes the cell of this organism decent at all of the jobs it has to perform.

Cell Specialization

" The cells of a multicellular organism are specialized, with different cell types playing different roles. Some cells are specialized to move; others, to react to the environment; still others, to produce substances that the organism needs. No matter what its role, each specialized cell contributes to homeostasis in the organism. "

Chromosomes

"Chromosomes, which carry the cell's genetic information, are also found in the nucleus."

Know how to explain why a cell expands or shrinks in certain solutions in terms of osmosis.

A cell in a hypertonic solution would shrink. (The inside of cell would be considered hypotonic) A cell in a hypotonic solution would expand and eventually burst. (The inside of the cell would be considered hypertonic)

Know what happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution and a hypertonic solution.

A cell in a hypertonic solution would shrink. (The inside of cell would be considered hypotonic) A cell in a hypotonic solution would expand and eventually burst. (The inside of the cell would be considered hypertonic)

Know what active transport and facilitated diffusion is and know what the channels and pumps are made of.

Active transport- uses energy and protein pumps to move molecules from an area of low concentration to high concentration. Facilitated diffusion- uses protein channels to move molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration. No energy required. Channels and pumps are both made of proteins.

Know what the cell theory is.

All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells come from old cells.

Know the cell theory

All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells come from old cells. What is an organelle? Know the organelles and all of the functions of them.

Ribosomes

Cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site protein synthesis

Know the 4 levels of organization that we have discussed in class.

Cells, tissue, organs, and organ system

Which of the organelles are exclusive to only plant cells?

Chloroplast and cell wall

Know the importance of the cytoskeleton.

Cytoskeleton helps move organelles in the cell and also provides support for the cell.

Know what diffusion is.

Diffusion- movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Know what diffusion and osmosis is.

Diffusion- movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis- diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Know how prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells differ.

Eukaryotic cell- has nucleus, larger, more organelles, more complex, and has circular DNA (Animals, fungi, plants, etc.) Prokaryotic cell- no nucleus, smaller, less organelles, less complex, and has linear DNA (Bacteria)

Know the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell, and examples of each.

Eukaryotic cell- has nucleus, larger, more organelles, more complex, and has circular DNA (Animals, fungi, plants, etc.) Prokaryotic cell- no nucleus, smaller, less organelles, less complex, and has linear DNA (Bacteria)

Cytoplasm

In eukaryotic cells all cellular contact outside of the nucleus; in prokaryotic cells, all of the cells' contents

Know the difference between multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms

Multicellular organisms have specialized cells that do a specific job. Unicellular organisms have a cell that performs all the functions.

Know what hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic, and osmotic pressure is.

Osmotic pressure- balance of water going in and out of the cell. Hypertonic- High concentration of solute. Water flows towards a hypertonic solution Hypotonic- Low concentration of solute. Isotonic- Same concentration in both solutions

Diffusion

Process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

Know who Schleiden and Schwann are. Know what Hooke and Leeuwenhoek did.

Schleiden- all plants are made of cells Schwann- all animals are made of cells Hooke- first to use the word cell when observing a cork Leeuwenhoek- first to look at bacteria in pond water and dental scrapings.

Organelles

Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell

Cell membrane

Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

What is an organelle? Know the organelles and all of the functions of them.

Vacuoles and vessels, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, Celia and flagella, ribosomes and ER, Golgi apparatus , chloroplast, and mitochondria

Know what cell specialization is.

When a cell has a specific and different job in an organism.