bio ch 9
At night, CAM plants incorporate CO2 into ____, which is stored in the ____ of their cells.
malate; vacuoles
In C4 plants, reactions that fix CO2 into four-carbon compounds occur in what type of cells?
mesophyll cells
Which of the following would be classified as a CAM plant?
orchid
The energy of a(n) ____ is inversely proportional to its wavelength.
photon
What is the process by which light energy is converted into the stored chemical energy of organic molecules?
photosynthesis
Which part of the chlorophyll molecule is responsible for absorbing light?
porphyrin ring
According to the graph in the accompanying figure, chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum?
red and blue wavelengths
Which is the energy source that drives the Calvin cycle?
ATP and NADH
What is the ultimate source of electrons for noncyclic electron transport, and thus photosynthesis?
water
Which best summarizes the overall reactions of photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 12 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
What is the first step in the Calvin cycle?
CO2 attaches to RuBP.
.During the reactions of photosynthesis, ____ is re duced and ____ is oxidized.
CO2; H2O
t or f: Surrounding the grana is the "thylakoid lumen"
False- stroma
t or f: Cyclic electron transport is different from noncyclic electron transport in that cyclic electron transport produces "NADPH."
False-ATP
t or f: In photosynthesis, the oxygen atoms released as O2 comes from "CO2."
False-H2O
Ribulose phosphate is synthesized from which molecule?
G3P
Compare and contrast the processes of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. How are they similar and how do they differ?
Overall, aerobic respiration can be considered the opposite of photosynthesis.The reactants of respiration are the products of photosynthesis. In addition, respiration is an exergonic process, whereas photosynthesis is endergonic and uses the energy of the sun. In addition, both processes occur in different areas of the cell. Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration have similar electron transport chains, where electrons are transferred from one acceptor to another as a means of generating a proton gradient used in the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP
Why does red and blue light support the highest rates of photosynthesis?
These wavelengths are absorbed by chlorophyll more than any other wavelength.
When an electron returns to its ground state, energy will be released as heat or an emission of light of a longer wavelength known as:
fluorescence
Which type of electromagnetic waves have the shortest wavelength?
gamma waves
What is the primary function of the leaf structure labeled as 5 in the accompanying figure?
gas exchange
A group of thylakoid discs make up what part of a chloroplast?
granum
What color does chlorophyll reflect?
green
ATP is formed when ____ the thylakoid lumen.
hydrogen ions leave
During which phase of photosynthesis is ATP and NADPH synthesized?
light-dependent phase
What are the two phases of photosynthesis?
light-dependent reactions and carbon fixation reactions
An electron absorbs a photon of light energy and becomes energized; the electron shifts from a ____ atomic orbital to a __________ atomic orbital.
lower energy; higher energy
In C3 plants, the ____ are typically closed at night and open during the daytime to allow for gas exchange
stomata
In which part of the chloroplast do the carbon fixation reactions take place?
stroma
What is the fluid-filled sac within the inner membrane of a chloroplast called?
stroma
Where is the electron transport chain of photosynthesis located?
thylakoid membrane
Diagram and label the internal structure of a chloroplast. Briefly describe the function of each structure you
thylakoid membrane/granum = location of photosynthetic pigments and light-dependent reactions, thylakoid lumen = establishment of proton gradient for chemiosmosis, stroma = location of enzymes for the Calvin cycle
In what part of a chloroplast are chlorophyll and accessory photosynthetic pigments associated?
thylakoid membranes
t or f: CAM plants open their stomata at night, admitting CO2 while minimizing water loss.
true
t to f: The part of a chlorophyll molecule that absorbs light energy is the "porphyrin ring."
true
How many electrons are needed to reduce one molecule of NADP+ to NADPH?
two