Bio Chapter 6 Quiz

What are plasmodesmata?

a channel between two adjacent plant cells' cell walls. They allow materials to pass from one plant cell's cytoplasm to an adjacent cell's cytoplasm.

The extracellular matrix of the animal cell has all of the following molecular components except __________.

a middle lamella

A particular cell has a nucleus and chloroplasts in addition to the fundamental structures required by all cells. Based on this information, this cell could be __________.

a photosynthetic protist cell or a plant cell

The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________.

nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________.

nucleoid

What is the function of the rough ER?

production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins rough bc has ribosomes

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

products of the rough ER, such as lipids and proteins, are modified and stored and then sent to other destinations.

What do all cells have in common?

ribosomes plasma membrane cytosol chromosomes

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________.

secrete a lot of protein

Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________.

muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants

What describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix?

Both are permeable to water and small solutes.

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found?

Embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________.

Golgi Apparatus

Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with which of the following to perform many of their functions?

Golgi apparatus

A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose, and why is it the best choice?

Light microscopy is the only technique that permits one to observe living cells

Which of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from those of the other four?

Mitochondrial outer membrane (mitochondria are not part of the endomembrane system and must synthesize their own lipids.)

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?

Motor proteins

Which type of cell is most likely to have the largest number of mitochondria?

Muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner Cellular respiration releases energy that cells need in order to carry out their functions. Active muscle cells need large amounts of energy.

__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water.

Peroxisomes

Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system?

Proteins of the endomembrane system are synthesized in the rough ER, modified and sorted in the Golgi, and then transported to other organelles of the endomembrane system such as vacuoles.

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

Ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What organelle might be found inside other organelles?

Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm but also in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

Ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

What groups are primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What does cell fractionation do?

Separates cells into their component parts by centrifugation

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

What is the nucleoid?

The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material

What limits the maximum size of a cell?

The shape of the cell The time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell The cell's surface-to-volume ratio

When are chromosomes present in the cell?

always

Cells with the larger surface areas are likely to ---?

be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment. The greater the surface area, the greater the potential for transport.

What is the simplest collection of matter that can live?

cell

The organelle that is a plant cell's compartment for the storage of inorganic ions such as potassium and chloride is the __________.

central vacuole

centrosomes are made of __?

centrioles

animal cells have unique organelles called

centrosomes

________ and __________ can synthesize some of their own proteins because they contain DNA and ribosomes.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

Basal bodies are most closely associated with what cell components?

cilia

What is the network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell?

cytoskeleton

What are communicating junctions in animal cells called?

gap junctions

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they __________.

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cell as a __________.

human skin cell

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________.

in bacterial cells

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus

What do components of the cytoskeleton do?

mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

What structure is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells?

mitochondria

The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of __________.

mitochondria and chloroplasts

What is the endosymbiont theory?

mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells

Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, requires interactions of the cytoskeleton __________.

motor proteins

A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure or structures would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate?

nucleus

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.

plasmodesmata

What are cell junctions in plant cells are called?

plasmodesmata

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.

the plasma membrane

How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?

they have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

What is the main function of the cytoskeleton?

to give mechanical support to the cell and maintain its shape. This is especially important for animal cells, which lack walls.

Why are cells small?

to maintain a high surface area to volume ratio; it makes it possible for things to get in and out quickly

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins