BIO - CHAPTER 7 The Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton
meatus
A __ is a tubelike opening
suture
A ___ is a "seam" - an immovable joint between bones of the skull.
foramen
A ___ is a hole for passage of blood vessels, nerves or ligaments.
condyle
A ___ is a rounded projection with a smooth articular surface.
fossa
A ___ is a shallow depression.
head
A ___ is usually rounded articular process supported on a neck.
fibrocartilage intervertebral
A tough ____ disc is found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.
5
Almost all bones are classified into ___ main types based on shape
skull
Besides forming the large cranial cavity, the ___ also forms several smaller cavities.
processes
Bone ___ serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons
processes
Bone ____ - Projections or outrowths that form joints
appendicular
Bones of the upper and lower limbs (extremities) and the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton are part of the ____ skeleton.
126
How many bones does the Appendicular skeleton have?
80
How many bones does the Axial skeleton have?
nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus
In a case of a a herniated disc , the ___ is able to leak out due to a tear in the ____.
5
In the lower region of the vertebral column, the sacrum is made up of __ fused vertebrae.
false ribs
In the thorax, the bottom 5 pairs of ribs are called ___.
aging
In the vertebral column, a herniated disc may occur due to trauma or, sometimes, simply associated with ____.
thoracic curve-bent forward
Kyphosis is an increased ___.
sphenoid
Like the keystone of a roman arch, the ___ is the "center brick" that balances the outward thrust of the other bones.
lumbar curve-bent backwards
Lordosis is an increased ___.
sphenoid
Of the 8 cranial bones that fit together to form the braincase, the___ bone is the "keystone".
mandible
Other than the middle ear bones (auditory ossicles), the ___ is the only moveable skull bone.
convex (bulging out)
Relative to the front of the body, the cervical and lumbar curves are ____.
lateral curvature
Scoliosis is an increased ___.
25
The 3 bones of the sternum usually fuse by ___ years of age
false ribs
The 5 pairs of the ribs are called ___ because their cartilage is indirectly connected to the sternum.
paranasal sinuses
The __ are used as resonating (echo) chambers to enhance the voice as well as structures that increase the surface area of the nasal mucosa and help to moisten it as well.
short
The __ bones are cube shaped.
long
The __ bones are greater seed length than width
flat
The __ bones are thin layers of parallel plates.
skull
The __ provides the framework for attaching the muscles that move various parts of the head
skull
The __ small cavities which house organs involved in hearing and equilibrium
paranasal sinuses
The ___ are mucous membrane-lined cavities in the frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid bones.
false ribs, floating ribs
The ___ attach indirectly to the sternum with an elongated piece of costal cartilage or not at all are called ___.
irregular
The ___ bones are complex shapes.
first 2
The ___ cervical vertebrae are different from the others in shape and function
fibrocartilage intervertebral
The ___ functions to absorb vertical shock and form joints which are strong yet still permit movement of the spine
vertebral column
The ___ is also known as the spinal column, backbone and spine
xiphoid process
The ___ is broken in CPR if hand placement isn't proper.
vertebral column
The ___ is made up of 26 vertebrae divided into 5 regions.
mandible (lower jawbone)
The ___ is the largest and strongest facial bone
sternum
The ___ or breastbone, is flat and is located in the center of the anterior thoracic wall.
skull
The ___ protects and supports the brain and special sense organs.
skull
The ___ provides the framework for attaching the muscles that produce facial expressions
lumbar vertebrae
The ___ support the body's weight.
hyoid bone
The ___ supports the tongue by attaching to muscles. It is situated at the top of the larynx.
skull bones
The ____ are associated with a number of processes, ridges, lines, depressions and foramen
lumbar vertebrae
The ____ are the largest and strongest in the vertebral column.
sesamoid
The ____ bones are shaped like a sesame seed.
coccyx
The ____ is also triangular in shape and is composed of 4 vertebrae that fuse together between 20 and 30 years of age.
vertebral column
The ____ protects the spinal cord
thoracic vertebrae
The ____ support the ribs and have special structures for rib head and tubercle attachment.
cranial and facial bones
The bones of the skull are grouped into what two categories?
costal (hyaline) cartilage
The bony portion of the ribs ends a few inches from the sternum and is connected to ____ which attaches to the sternum.
4
The coccyx is made up of __ fused vertebrae.
true ribs
The first 7 pairs of the ribs are called the ____ because their cartilage is directly connected to the sternum.
206
The human skeleton consists of ___ named bones
2
The human skeleton is grouped into __ principal divisions
nucleus pulposus
The interior of the fibrocartilage intervertebral disc is called a ___ and is soft and pulpy
sphenoid
The rest of the braincase bones are dependent for support on the ___ bone (with its greater and lesser wings).
12 pairs
The ribs are___ that extend from the thoracic vertebrae to the sternum
thoracic cavity
The ribs provide support to the ___.
Axial
The ribs, sternum (breastbone), and bones of the vertebral column are part of the _____ skeleton.
not
The sacrum and coccyx are __ individual bones as are the other 24 vertebrae. .
Axial
The skull bones, auditory ossicles (ear bones), hyoid bone, are part of the ____ skeleton.
22, 3
The skull contains ___ bones, not including the __ middle ear bones in both ears.
aorta
The sternal angle is about where the arch of the ___ is and the split of the trachea into the bronchi.
ribs
The sternum articulates with the clavicles and the costal cartilages from the ____.
upper manubrium, the middle body, and lower xiphoid process
The sternum is divided into what 3 segments?
concave (cupping in)
The thoracic and sacral curves are _____.
sacrum
The triangular-shaped ___ is composed of 5 vertebrae that begin to fuse together between 16 and 18 years of age. The process ends at around 30 years of age.
8
There are _ Cranial Bones
14
There are __ facial bones
Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton
What are the 2 groups that the human skeleton is grouped into?
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, and Sesamoid
What are the 5 types of bones?
Depressions and openings, and processes f
What are two major types of surface markings on bones?
normal adult
When viewed from the front, a ___ vertebral column appears straight.
4
When viewed from the side, the vertebral of a normal adult has ___ slight bends which constitute the normal spinal curvatures.
squished the jelly donut
When you have a herniated disk, think of it as having a _____.
depressions and openings
___ allow the passage of soft tissues and joint formation.
fontanels
____ close up beginning at 6 months of age through 2 years
fontanels
_____ are mesenchyme-filled spaces between cranial bones present at birth.
sutures
_____ are the jointed areas where flat bones come together.
sutural
_____ bones are small, extra bone plates located within the sutures of cranial bones.
