Bio Exam 1 - Ch 5

Which of the following statements about cell division is correct? a. It is the process by which organisms grow and maintain their tissues. b. It is no longer necessary once an organism reaches maturity. c. It occurs in two sequential stages in all cells: mitosis and meiosis. d. It is the process by which fertilization occurs.

a. It is the process by which organisms grow and maintain their tissues.

15. Which of the following differentiates meiosis from mitosis? a. Mitosis is used for the repair of cells, whereas meiosis creates cells for sexual reproduction. b. In mitosis four identical daughter cells are produced, whereas two genetically different cells are produced in meiosis. c. Meiosis is a form of asexual division, whereas mitosis is a form of sexual division. d. Mitosis occurs in prokaryotic cells, whereas meiosis occurs in eukaryotic cells.

a. Mitosis is used for the repair of cells, whereas meiosis creates cells for sexual reproduction.

Which of the following choices states a correct reason why the process of cell division is different for prokaryotic than for eukaryotic cells? a. Prokaryotes have a circular DNA molecule. b. Prokaryotic cells do not undergo cell division. c. Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells. d. Prokaryotic DNA contains different bases from those in eukaryotic DNA.

a. Prokaryotes have a circular DNA molecule.

All of the following contribute to genetic uniqueness EXCEPT a. binary fission. c. crossing over. b. independent assortment. d. random fertilization.

a. binary fission.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences a cell's progression through the cell cycle? a. gametes c. hormones b. cell cycle regulatory molecules d. growth factors

a. gametes

The possible combinations of alleles in gametes ________ due to independent assortment and crossing over. a. increases b. decreases c. stays the same d. increases or decreases depending on the cell type

a. increases

Chromosomes are lined up at the middle of the cell during the ________ portion of cell division. a. metaphase c. interphase b. anaphase d. telophase

a. metaphase

A duplicated chromosome consists of ________ sister chromatid(s). a. 1 c. 4 b. 2 d. 6

b. 2

According to the image below, during which phase of the cell cycle does the cell increase in size in preparation for division? a. Region 1 c. Region 3 b. Region 2 d. Region 4

b. Region 2

According to the image below, during which phase of the cell cycle is the genetic material duplicated? a. Region 1 c. Region 4 b. Region 3 d. Region 5

b. Region 3

What is the significance of crossing over? a. Two copies of the same chromosome are allowed to become part of the same gamete. b. The resulting gametes will have different gene combinations than their parent cells' gene combinations. c. The bivalent chromosomes are able to exchange genetic material with other pairs of chromosomes. d. The gametes that are produced will have twice as many chromosomes as the parent cells had.

b. The resulting gametes will have different gene combinations than their parent cells' gene combinations.

Cells that demonstrate anchorage independence a. exist in G0. b. are primed to become metastatic. c. closely monitor their progression through the cell cycle. d. are benign tumors that are of little concern.

b. are primed to become metastatic.

Which of the following is a difference between binary fission and mitosis? a. replication of the genetic material c. cell growth and expansion b. breakdown of the nuclear envelope d. increase in cytoplasmic factors

b. breakdown of the nuclear envelope

The circle near the center of this structure represents a a. chromatid. c. centriole. b. centromere. d. homologous chromosome.

b. centromere.

A pool of cells is treated with a chemical that halts progress through the cell cycle. In which stage of the cell cycle would most cells be found? a. metaphase c. anaphase b. interphase d. cytokinesis

b. interphase

Which of the following is associated with mitosis? a. independent assortment c. crossing over b. maintenance of chromosome number d. reductional division

b. maintenance of chromosome number

Gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis because a. mitosis would produce too many sister cells. b. meiosis reduces the chromosome number so that zygotes produced will have one full genome. c. meiosis doubles the chromosome number so that each gamete has twice the usual number of genes. d. meiosis ensures that the gametes are identical to the cell that produced them.

b. meiosis reduces the chromosome number so that zygotes produced will have one full genome.

Which of the following is known to result from the disruption of mitosis and meiosis? a. Alzheimer's disease c. autism b. prostate cancer d. heart disease

b. prostate cancer

When examining the rapidly dividing cells of a fish embryo, you notice a cell that seems to contain two nuclei. The middle of the cell is pinched inward. This cell must be in ________ of mitosis. a. prophase c. metaphase b. telophase d. anaphase

b. telophase

Which of the following would promote a cell to move through the G2 checkpoint? a. the cell lacks necessary nutrients b. the genetic information has been duplicated c. the cell is too small in size d. a chromosome has been damaged

b. the genetic information has been duplicated

If a plant has a total of 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be present in each of its gametes? a. 36 c. 9 b. 18 d. 6

c. 9

Which of the following accurately describes the similarities between mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission? a. All three of the processes generate haploid gametes. b. All three of the processes occur in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. c. All three of the processes are used to produce daughter cells. d. All three of the processes generate clones.

c. All three of the processes are used to produce daughter cells.

The process of mitosis is thought to have evolved from binary fission. What similarities exist between these processes? a. The DNA being separated is attached to a membrane during both processes. b. Both processes involve the separation of more than one piece of DNA. c. Both processes include DNA segregation. d. Both process occur in bacterial cells.

c. Both processes include DNA segregation.

When appropriately prompted, diploid individuals of Ulva prolifera form spores that germinate to become haploid individuals. How might diploid individuals be created to complete the life cycle? a. Haploid individuals meiotically produce egg and sperm cells, which subsequently fuse. b. Some haploid individuals experience mitosis without cytokinesis followed by nuclear fusion. c. Some individuals differentiate to become haploid gametes and then fuse to produce a diploid zygote. d. Haploid individuals experience two sequential S phases in their cell cycle to reestablish the diploid state.

c. Some individuals differentiate to become haploid gametes and then fuse to produce a diploid zygote.

Which of the following best exemplifies homologous chromosomes? a. a pair of sister chromatids attached at the centromere b. unpackaged DNA c. a tetrad d. the mitotic spindle

c. a tetrad

The G0 phase of the cell cycle is distinguished by a. the failure of cells to divide following telophase. b. a doubling of chromosomes. c. an absence of preparation for DNA synthesis. d. the appearance of a metaphase plate.

c. an absence of preparation for DNA synthesis.

A researcher is recording the process of bacteria cell division using time-lapse microscopy. Which of the following processes would she be observing? a. meiosis b. mitosis c. binary fission d. She may be observing either A or B depending on the growth conditions.

c. binary fission

Homologous chromosomes a. are only found in bacterial cells. b. are only in the cell during S phase. c. consist of a maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome. d. consist of six sister chromatids that are held together at the centrosome.

c. consist of a maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome.

Some daughter cells are described as clones. For this description to be appropriate, the daughter cells must a. show the same differentiation characteristics as the parent cell. b. separate from one another and experience an independent existence. c. contain a set of DNA that is identical to that of the parent cell. d. have been produced by meiotic cell division.

c. contain a set of DNA that is identical to that of the parent cell.

In genetic engineering, molecular biologists often combine segments of DNA from two separate organisms. This is an example of genetic recombination that occurs in a laboratory setting. Which of the following is a form of genetic recombination that occurs naturally within cells? a. mitosis c. crossing over b. independent assortment d. asexual reproduction

c. crossing over

A scientist wishing to generate cancerous cells in vitro could subject the cells to which of the following procedures? a. immerse the cells in water for extended periods of time b. starve the cells of nutrients c. expose cells to chemicals that disrupt mitosis d. overfeed the cells by frequently feeding them

c. expose cells to chemicals that disrupt mitosis

Cancers are groups of cells that divide rapidly and uncontrollably. Thus, cancer cells a. are always in the G0 phase. b. never enter the cell cycle. c. have a relatively short G1 phase. d. are stuck at the metaphase plate.

c. have a relatively short G1 phase.

The goal of meiosis is to a. create genetically identical offspring. b. protect cells from getting cancer. c. produce eggs and sperm. d. regulate progression through the cell cycle.

c. produce eggs and sperm.

The successful union of one male and one female gamete forms a new single cell known as a a. chromatid. c. zygote. b. spindle. d. gametocyte.

c. zygote.

An actively dividing cell has six chromosomes. How many sister chromatids are present within this cell at the end of G2 phase? a. 0 c. 6 b. 3 d. 12

d. 12

Which of the following accurately describes crossing over? a. Sister chromatids of maternal chromosome 1 exchange segments of genetic information with one another. b. Maternal chromosome 3 exchanges segments of DNA with paternal chromosome 21. c. Sister chromatids of paternal chromosome 1 exchange segments of genetic information with one another. d. Paternal chromosome 7 exchanges segments of DNA with maternal chromosome 7.

d. Paternal chromosome 7 exchanges segments of DNA with maternal chromosome 7.

According to the image below, during which phase of the cell cycle is the genetic material evenly partitioned between daughter cells? a. Region 1 c. Region 5 b. Region 2 d. Region 6

d. Region 6

What are the stages of interphase? a. G0, G1, and G2 c. G0, G1, and S b. S1, S2, and G0 d. S, G1, and G2

d. S, G1, and G2

Which of the following is true of the chromosomes in a homologous pair? a. They both came from the organism's mother. b. They both came from the organism's father. c. They do not join together during meiosis. d. They carry the same genes.

d. They carry the same genes.

Which of the following foods is most likely to contain haploid cells? a. a sirloin steak c. a stalk of celery b. an apple d. an egg

d. an egg

Which of the following pairs of processes encompasses the entire cell cycle? a. G1 phase and mitosis c. interphase and metaphase b. G1 phase and G2 phase d. cell division and interphase

d. cell division and interphase

Which two processes work in conjunction to create genetic diversity and maintain chromosome number? a. mitosis and meiosis c. binary fission and mitosis b. meiosis and independent assortment d. fertilization and meiosis

d. fertilization and meiosis

Model organisms (like mice) used in the study of genetic disease a. are selected strictly for ethical reasons. b. cannot be trusted since they are very different from human cells. c. should either be mice or bacteria. d. may accurately reflect how diseases like cancer occur in humans.

d. may accurately reflect how diseases like cancer occur in humans.

Which of the following cell types is produced by meiosis? a. skin cells c. pancreatic cells b. muscle cells d. sperm cells

d. sperm cells

The process shown in the figure could produce a. two identical skin cells. c. two cloned red blood cells. b. two genetically unique sperm cells. d. two identical prokaryotic cells.

d. two identical prokaryotic cells.