Bio final

Which numbered organelle produces ATP during cell respiration?

9

Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell, the site of cellular respiration?

9, mitochondria

The burning of coal, a fossil fuel, produces water and carbon dioxide. How is this similar to cellular respiration?

Both involve the breakdown of carbon compounds.

Membrane proteins are among the most important proteins biologically because they allow cells to communicate with their environments. In humans, they determine whether the immune system recognizes the cell as foreign or not and they are the targets of most pharmaceuticals. In all organisms, membrane proteins are responsible for other functions as well. One function determines when and if cell division takes place. That is

activation of growth hormones

All BUT one of the following is a component of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids DO NOT contain

amino acids

Proteins are composed of chains of _____________ which are joined together with peptide bonds.

amino acids

Proteins are different based on number and type of ____________ contained in their polypeptide chain(s).

amino acids

Which compound is a reusable, complex protein that speeds up chemical reactions?

an enzyme

A population of mice occupies a tree stump in a forest. During the last decade, there has been little change in the number of mice in the population. Which of the following would likely cause the number of mice to decrease quickly?

an increase in predation

During the process of ecological succession

an increasing number of resources and niches become available for animals.

Living cells use ____________ as their main source of energy.

carbohydrates

One difference between carbohydrates and lipids is that

carbohydrates will dissolve in water, but lipids wont

Which MOST LIKELY represents the gas being released and the process used to make it?

carbon dioxide and respiration

A mature pine tree can have a biomass of several tons yet begins its life as a tiny seed, with a biomass of not more than a gram. What contributes to the huge increase in the pine tree's biomass?

carbon dioxide and water

The carbohydrates seen here contain three common elements. They are

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Producers, like this plant, take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide during __________________ , just like animals and other living things.

cellular respiration

Lipids are important to living things for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT that they are

chained together to form protiens

Bears and coyotes both consume large plant-eating mammals such as deer. When the deer are in short supply, bears and coyotes may fight over the prey. This type of biological interaction is called

competetion

The graph MOST LIKELY represents which type of relationship between the two fish species?

competetion

Amylase increases the rate at which starch is broken down into glucose. What kind of molecule is amylase?

enzyme

With regard to enzymes, key is to lock as

enzyme is to active site

In cells, __________ are proteins that are needed to lower the amount of energy required to start chemical reactions.

enzymes

When humans remove vegetation from an area, the water cycle is MOST directly affected in which way?

evaporation in the area will decrease

Animals store most of their excess energy reserves as _______ because

fat; they store twice as much energy per gram.

Acid rain causes the pH of rivers, lakes, and streams on Earth to change. Based on the data table, which animal population will be the LAST to die out due to an increase in acid rain?

frogs

In this organelle, carbon dioxide and water are converted to _________ and oxygen.

glucose

One of the monosacchrides is a building block of a plant's cell wall. It is

glucose

When blood glucose levels are high and the glucose is not utilized for cellular respiration, the human body will store this glucose in the liver and muscles. In what form is this glucose stored?

glycogen

Which of these organisms is a part of the group that produces all of the available energy in a food web?

grass

Which global concern is indirectly responsible for all of the others?

human overpopulation

On a farm, there has been a sudden spike in the rodent population, causing an increase in crop damage and, as a result, loss of income. What practice might have contributed to the spike in the rodent population?

hunting and killing the snakes on the farm

Consider this northern site of primary succession following the retreat of a glacier. As we move from left to right, describe some improvements in the abiotic factors that support plant growth.

improved soil quality: increased humus and water retention

(red and blue global temp graph) Which conclusion might be drawn between the relationship found in the graphs of Global Carbon Emissions and Global Temperatures over the past 150 years.

increased Carbon emission from human activities are directly correlated to increased global temperatures

Breads and other whole grain foods are composed of very large polysaccharide molecules which contain hydrogen, oxygen, and which other element?

iron

According to the diagram of the water cycle, what happens to the water in the oceans before it becomes water in the atmosphere?

it evaporates

The red-cockaded woodpecker is found in the pine forests of Georgia. It eats insects found in the barks of the pine trees and nests in the trees. How will a reduction in the number of pine trees MOST LIKELY affect the red-cockaded woodpecker?

it will decrease in number

Primary succession begins after a

lava flow

The biomolecule described is a

lipid

A food that is high in Calories and could be used for energy storage in animals is MOST LIKELY high in

lipids

___________ are a large and varied groups of molecules that are usually not soluble in water.

lipids

Which statement best describes the composition and function of proteins in organisms?

long chains of amino acids used for building, repair, and maintenance

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions? Enzymes

lower the activation energy of chemical reactions

One difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts is

mitochondria produce water from oxygen while chloroplasts produce oxygen from water.

The relationship between clownfish and sea anemones is a form of symbiosis called

mutualism

The relationship between humans and their digestive bacteria can be described as

mutualism

This is a type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit

mutualism

Which of these organic molecules functions to help speed up biological chemical reactions?

nucleaic acids

____________ are cellular macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous.

nucleaic acids

During cell division, or mitosis, an exact duplicate of the original cell is produced. The instructions for cell division are found in the __________ in the __________.

nucleuas, chromosomes

All but one factor contributes to water pollution. That factor is

ozone depletion

Ticks suck blood from a host organism. This is an example of

parasitism

Solar energy is utilized to convert inorganic carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, into organic carbon compounds, such as glucose. This is part of the carbon cycle on Earth; a cycle which demonstrates the law of conservation of matter. What process is responsible for inititating this cycle?

photosynthesis

______________ fats, such as olive oil and sesame oil, are produced in plants and are liquid at room temperature.

polyunsaturated fats

A lion would be considered a ________ of a gazelle.

predator

Lichens, represented by this symbiotic relationship, are responsible for _____________ or the establishment of a new site for plant growth

primary sucession

Lichens, represented by this symbiotic relationship, are responsible for _____________ or the establishment of a new site for plant growth.

primary sucession

All the biological macromolecules contain Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. However, most do not contain nitrogen. The category that contains nitrogen are

proteins

DNA plays a major role in heredity, composing the genes that are passed down from parent to offspring. It also plays a major role in the everyday workings of your cells. It does this by creating molecules, such as enzymes, that regulate cell functions. These enzymes belong to a larger class of molecules known as

proteins

table about boiled potatoes

raw liver

In the enzymatic reaction, the __________ is on the left of the arrow, while the products are to the right of the arrow. Hydrogen Peroxide --> Water + Oxygen

reactant

Membrane proteins are among the most important proteins biologically because they allow the cells to communicate with their environments. These membrane proteins are responsible for ALL BUT which process?

regulating intake of oxygen

__________ fats or lipids form animal body fat that is used for stored energy and insulation.

saturated

Weeds growing in a recently burned patch of forest represent the first stage in

secondary succession

If a tornado destroys a deciduous forest, what kind of succession follows?

secondary sucession

Which organisms would be the prey for the hawk?

shrew, snake, insect eating bird

Which compound is also a carbohydrate?

starch

In the lock-and-key model of enzyme action, the ___________ fits into the __________ of the enzyme.

substrate; active site

The major contributor to the endangered status of the honeycreeper is

the destruction of silversword plants by condominium and hotel developers.

The correct order of stages in the primary succession of a volcanic island environment is illustrated by

volcanic rock-lichen-mosses-sea grasses

george and zac

w out sufficient water

Plant cells undergo photosynthesis to produce glucose, a usable form of chemical energy. The energy produced by plants becomes the base of an energy pyramid. Given the situation seen above, what reactant is missing in order for photosynthesis to occur?

water

Most successful parasites, such as this cat flea, weaken their host but do not kill it. Why is killing its host usually disadvantageous for a parasite?

If a parasite kills its host, it will then have to find a new host in order to survive.

Which statement correctly describes the diagram? (photosynthesis and respiration diagram)

The products of respiration can be used by plants for photosynthesis.

Why do we say that "an enzyme is reusable"?

The products of the reaction are released from the active sites of the enzyme, allowing other substrate molecules to bind with the sites.

What is the BEST description of the difference between predation and parasitism?

Predators typically kill their victim, while parasites mostly want to keep the victim alive for continued resources

Fats are broken into saturated fats and unsaturated fats. Which of these explains the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats have only single bonds on all the carbon atoms.

During the winter time, the total number of hours of sunlight decreases. What effect would this have on the process of photosynthesis?

The rate of photosynthesis would decrease and less glucose would be produced.

If stranded on a deserted island with no freshwater, it is not advisable to drink sea water. Why not?

The salt in the body creates a hypertonic solution around cells, which causes water to diffuse out of cells and make them crenate.

A solution of an enzyme and a substrate was placed in a water bath and the temperature of the reaction was raised gradually. The graph shown was plotted at the end of the experiment. What can be concluded from the graph?

The enzyme shows increased activity up to a certain temperature.

Enzymes, such as the one shown in the picture, work by fitting onto the substrate molecule like a lock-and-key action. Which statement is true, with regard to the enzyme and the substrate?

The enzyme weakens chemical bonds in the substrate and catalyzes a change into the product. The enzyme itself remains unchanged.

Lipids, mainly phospholipids, make up the bulk of the cell membrane. How is the structure of the phospholipid so perfectly paired to the function of the cell membrane?

The head of the phospholipid, which is hydrophilic, helps to control the movement of large hydrophobic molecules, and the tails of the phospholipid, which are hydrophobic, help to control the movement of large hydrophilic molecules.

One parrot species that feeds on large seeds nests in the same tree as a parakeet that feeds on small seeds. How are the birds able to coexist?

They occupy different niches