Bio Game

Give a specific example of a beneficial GMO. (more than one correct answer)

-Golden Rice; helping people with Vitamin A problems.

How many bases are in one codon? Where do you find the codons?

3, in the mRNA

Name the protein that is coded from the mRNA codon AUG

Methionine

What is the only difference between the bases of DNA and RNA?

RNA uses Uracil, DNA uses Thymine

What is RNA?

Ribonucleic acid

What kind of sugar makes up RNA?

Ribose

What is a cell?

The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane

What is biology?

The study of life/living organisms

Name the tRNA anticodon that codes for the codon AGU

UCA

What are the types of mutations and what is their role?

a) Substitution- changes one base for another that could end up in a codon that changes the amino acid and the protein produced b) Deletion- a mutation where part of a chromosome is lost during DNA replication c) Insertion- and addition of one or more base pairs in a DNA sequence

How many strands does RNA have?

1

How many strands does DNA have?

2

How many amino acids are there?

20

What makes up a codon?

3 bases

What is a segment of DNA called?

A gene

What happens to the final product if a deletion mutation occurs within a codon?

A genetic mutation- changes the amino acid which changes the protein and an change the look and characteristics of the end product

What is a GMO?

A genetically modified organism.

Define a harmful mutation.

A mutation that changes an organism for the worst; harming an organism through mutation.

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

A phosphate group, a base, and dexoyribose or ribose sugar.

What is an amino acid?

A simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.

What is tRNA?

A transfer RNA

Give the matching tRNA strand for this mRNA strand. UGG-ACG-UUU-CGC-AUG-UAG.

ACC-UGC-AAA-GCG-UAC-AUC

Show a deletion within the following codon strand: ATG GGG TAC CCT AAC

ATG GGT ACC CTA AC

What are the 4 bases of DNA?

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

If there are 400 bases with their pairs, how many Adenine, Thymine, and Cytosine bases are there if there are 250 Guanine?

Adenine-150 Thymine-150 Cytosine-250

Name the tRNA anticodon that codes for the codon GCA

CGU

What makes up the outer layer of an animal cell?

Cell Membrane

What makes up the outer layer of a plant cell?

Cell Wall

Define a beneficial mutation.

Changing an organism beneficially, or not affecting the organism; changing the organism for the better

What structure is made up in the DNA and carries the genes?

Chromosome

Does mRNA have codons or anticodons?

Codons

Where does RNA exist within a cell?

Cytoplasm

Does deoxyribose go with DNA or RNA?

DNA

What is the central dogma.

DNA --> RNA --> Protein

What are 2 differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA: 2 strands, Deoxyribose, Nucleus, A pairs with T RNA: 1 strand, Ribose, Nucleus & Cytoplasm, A pairs with U

What is DNA?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What kind of sugar makes up DNA?

Deoxyribose

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribosenucleic acid.

What is the name of the two scientists that discovered the shape of DNA?

Francis Crick and John Watson.

Name one thing that proteins accomplish in the body.

Fuel Muscles

Name the protein that is coded from the mRNA codon GGC

Glycine

Name the protein that is coded from the mRNA codon CAU

Histidine

What kind of bond holds together the two bases?

Hydrogen Bonds

What happens when a DNA molecule replicates?

Hydrogen bonds are broken between the base pairs and serve as a guide to connect complementary base pairs

How do GMOs harm you?

If you don't modify the organism correctly, it could be harmful to yourself.

What are introns?

Introns are parts of mRNA that are cut out and stay in the nucleus.

What is mRNA?

Messenger RNA

How is your day going? (freebee)

Move ahead

Where does DNA exist within the cell?

Nucleus

What are exons?

Parts that stay in the mRNA and leave the nucleus.

What is a protein?

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues

Does ribose sugar go with DNA or RNA?

RNA

List three different ways of how DNA and RNA are different.

Ribose sugar and dexoyribose sugar, single stranded and double stranded, A pairs with U and A pairs with T.

What mutation is this? Original DNA: ATT-CAG-TTG-GCA-AAA-ATC Mutated DNA: ATT-CAA-TTG-GCA-AAA-ATC.

Silent Mutation

What type of mutation are in the following DNA strands? AGT TCA TCC AGC AGT.....AGT TCA TCT AGC

Substitution

A complementary strand of the DNA strand ACT GGC TTA CTA CGT is...

TGA CCG AAT GAT GCA

What is a mutation?

The changing of the structure of a gene

What are the main elements in amino acids?

The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, though other elements are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids.

What happens to an end protein when one of the codons undergoes deletion?

The protein is mutated from what it should have been to something completely different

Where does mRNA after it copies the DNA and leaves the nucleus?

The ribosome.

What is the role of a stop codon?

The stop codon causes the ribosomes to stop translating mRNA

What happens to the parent molecules during DNA replication?

They split, one half of the parent goes to one daughter molecule and the other half goes to the other daughter molecule

Why are hydrogen bonds used to hold together the bases?

This is so it can be easily be split apart and copied.

What are the Proteins if the RNA codon reads ACC AGA CCU GAU UCA?

Threonine Arginine Proline Valine Serine

What two different bases can adine (A) pair with in DNA and RNA?

Thymine (T) and uracil (U)

If there are a total of 500 nucleotides in a set of DNA and 150 are adenine what is the amount of the rest of the bases?

Thymine 150, cysteine 100, guanine 100

What is the process of synthesizing mRNA along a DNA template called?

Transcription

Give the protein sequence for this mRNA sequence. UAU-GUC-AAC-CGU-UUU-UAG.

Tyr, Val, Asp, Arg, Phe, Stop.

Under what mRNA codon strands would you find a stop codon?

UAA, UAG, UGA

Give the matching mRNA codons for the DNA strand ATT-CAG-TTG-GCA-AAA-ATC.

UAA-GUC-AAC-CGU-UUU-UAG.

What would the complementary strand of RNA be to the following DNA strand: AAA GCT TTG GAC CTA

UUU CGA AAC CUG GAU

What happens in Transcription?

When part of the DNA molecule is read and copied into RNA

What happens in Translation?

Where the RNA instructions are read to make protein molecules

What is a nucleotide?

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group

Is mRNA or tRNA matched up with the amino acid?

mRNA

Name the three different types of RNA.

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

What is the difference between mRNA and tRNA?

mRNA-messenger RNA, gives genetic info to the ribose where amino acids are specified tRNA-Transfer RNA, brings amino acids to the ribose in order to make proteins

What copies mRNA and transports it to be made into a protein?

tRNA

Which kind of RNA carries the anti codons?

tRNA

What is the role of tRNA in making a protein?

tRNA delivers the amino acid to the ribosome.