Bio Lecture Exam 2 Craddock
Amoebas move and obtain food by means of ?
Pseudopodia
According to Solomon el al, the monophyletic supergroup "Archaeplastids" includes ?
Red algae, green algae, and plants
In chapter 7 of EO Wilson's book, The Diversity of Life, ? is the term applied to the spread of ancestry into different niches
adaptive radiation
Stomata ?
allow gas exchange for photosynthesis
Most protists are ?
aquatic
Which group of protists are unicellular, biflagellate stramenopiles that forms a significant portion of the nanoplankton?
golden algae
Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as ?
monoecious
Which part of a flowering plant eventually becomes the fruit?
ovary
Which part of a flowering plant eventually becomes the seed?
ovule
The floating, often microscopic organisms that are the base of food webs in aquatic ecosystems are collectively called ?
plankton
? have cell walls with cellulose and characteristically obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis using chlorophyll .....
plants
? have cell walls with cellulose and characteristically obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis using chlorophyll contained in chloroplast, which gives them their green color. However, some are parasitic...
plants
The immature male gametophyte of pine are called?
pollen grains
Robert Koch ?
proposed a set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms
Why might seeds be reproductively superior to spores?
seeds conatin a young plant and also are protected by a seed coat
Water molds (oomycetes) are heterokonts, organisms that have 2 different kinds of ?
flagella
Rhizobial bacteria ?
form mutualistic relationships with the roots of legumes and fix nitrogen
In 1977, Carl Woese and his coworkers overturned a universally held assumption about the basic structure of the tree of life. They showed that one group of microbes, the ? are distinct from bacteria as plants and animals.
Archaea
Plants probably descended from a group of green algae called ?
Charophytes
Animals, fungi, and most bacteria are known as ?, because they obtain energy from chemicals (typically by redox reactions), and because they cannot fix carbon; they use organic molecules produced by other organisms as the building block from which they synthesize the carbon compounds they need.
Chemoheterotrophs
Most ciliates, such as Paramecium, are capable of a sexual process called ? in which two individuals come together and exchange genetic material.
Conjugation
According to Wilson, one important way of describing diversity if by level of biological organization. The organizational levels of importance to biological diversity are arrayed in this hierarchy ?
Ecosystem, Community, Guild, Species, Organism, Gene
What is a basic difference between gymnosperms and flowering plants?
Gymnosperms produce seed borne naked, while flowering plants produce seeds enclosed within a fruit
Some parasitic protists are important ? (disease-causing agents) of plants and animals.
Pathogens
The Irish potato famine of the 19th century was precipitated by an oomycete in the genus ? which causes late blight of potato.
Phytophthora
Cellular slime molds feed as individual ? cells
amoeboid
The most diverse, successful, and familiar groups of plants today are ?
angiosperms
?? which compose a single phylum, dominate most terrestrial landscape and exhibit great diversity in both vegetative and reproductive structures
aniosperms
Kelps are ? with multicellular bodies differentiated into blades, stripes, holdfasts, and gas-filled floats.
brown algae
Mosses and other ? lack vascular tissues and do not form true roots, stems, or leaves
byrophytes
to which phylum does P. menziesii belong?
cooniferophyta-the conifers
The airtight, waterproof, waxy layer that covers aerial parts of plants in the ?
cuticle
Which alga group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells?
diatoms
Which group of heterokonts contain individual s that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells? They are especially important in oceans, where they are estimated to contribute up to 45% of the total oceanic primary production of organic material.
diatoms
Members of which groups are known to form blooms known as red tides?
dinoflagellates
Alternation of generations in gene plants refers to the alternation of:
diploid and haploid stages
in flowering plants, the ? generation is dominant
diploid sporophyte
After fertilization occurs in plants, the fertilized egg develops into multi-cellular ? within the archegonium
embryo
Lynn Margulis is best known for her theory on the origin of eukaryotic organelles, and for her contributions to the ? which is now a generally accepted explanation for how certain organelles were formed. She showed that animals, plants, and fungi all originated from protists.
endosymbiotic theory
Which of the following is a vascular plant?
ferns
Malaria ?
is caused by the apicomplexan Plasmodium falciparum, that spends part of its life cycle in the mosquito
In chapter 9 of The Diversity of Life, EO Wilson uses the sea otter as an example of classic ?
keystone
A strengthening compound found in cell walls of vascular plants is ?
lignin
What do lare female ones of a pine tree contain?
measporangia
Plasmodial slime molds feel as ? plasmodia
multi-nucleate
Given the diversity in protest ultrastructure, biologists regard the protists as a ? group...
paraphyletic
Microorganisms that cause disease are called ?
pathogens
Although many protists are free-living, others form stable ? associations with unrelated organisms. These associations range from mutualism, to commensalism, to parasitism
symbiotic
In plant life cycles ?
the first stage in the diploid sporophyte generation in the zygote
The ? are specialized excavates that live in the guts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches. They ingest wood chips from the wood that termites or roaches eat and rely on endosymbiotic bacteria to digest cellulose in the woods. The insects ? and bacteria all obtain their nutrients from this source.
trichonymphs
In chapter 8, Wilson considers the Earth's biosphere to be largely ?
unexplored
xylem and phloem make up the ? of a pant
vascular tissues
In seed plants, the ? conducts water upwards from the roots to the leaves
xylem
Most dinoflagellates are a part of marine plankton. The ? are endosymbiotic, photosynthetic dinoflagellates found in certain marine intvertebrates; their mutualistic relationship with corals enhances the coral's reef-building ability.
zooxanthellae
This is conjugation in paramecium. What is the outcome of the process illustrated in the accompanying figure?
2 new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before
You find a unicellular organism that forms lobe-like pseudopodia.When you expose the cells to cAMP, they aggregate into a slug like structure. Based on this information, you correctly conclude that this organisms is known as:
Dictyostelium discoideum (cellular slime mold)
Ciliates use ? for locomotion.
cilia
The surface of Paramecium is covered with thousands of short, hair-like ?
cilia
Which of the seedless vascular plants most contributed to our present-day coal deposits?
club mosses
What structural component do ferns posses that whiskferns do not?
true roots